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Daftar mineral

Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas

Mineral adalah unsur atau senyawa anorganik padat yang memiliki susunan atom teratur (periodik) dan komposisi kimia tertentu yang menghasilkan sifat fisik yang khas. Pada tahun 1995 definisi mineral diperketat oleh Asosiasi Mineralogi Internasional (IMA) yang menambahkan syarat bahwa mineral harus terbentuk melalui proses geologi alami, bukan melalui proses biologis atau sintesis buatan manusia.

Material kristalin yang dihasilkan oleh organisme hidup atau yang terbentuk di laboratorium tidak diakui sebagai mineral baru. Secara kimiawi mineral kristalin yang memiliki kemiripan dengan mineral alami seperti merkuri yang berwujud cair sementara air sendiri tidak dianggap mineral karena wujud cairnya dan berbeda dengan es atau gletser yang berstruktur kristal yang diakui sebagai mineral.

Di sisi lain definisi mineral dalam naturalistik historis yang lebih luas, yang mendefinisikan mineral sebagai segala material anorganik alami yang menjadi bagian dari kerajaan mineral anonim dari kerajaan hewan dan tumbuhan tanpa terlalu menekankan struktur kristal atau asal-usul genetiknya.[1]

A

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Amethyst crystals – a purple quartz
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Apophyllite crystals sitting right beside a cluster of peachy bowtie stilbite
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Aquamarine variety of beryl with tourmaline on orthoclase
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Arsenopyrite from Hidalgo del Parral, Chihuahua, Mexico
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Aurichalcite needles spraying out within a protected pocket lined by bladed calcite crystals
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Austinite from the Ojuela Mine, Mapimí, Durango, Mexico
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Ametrine containing amethyst and citrine, from Bolivia
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Azurite, Burra Mine, South Australia
Varieties that are not valid species:

B

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Baryte (included by malachite) on malachite, from Shangulowé Mine, Kambove, Central area, Katanga, Democratic Republic of Congo
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Spiky calcite scalenohedra with a coating of whitish benstonite on a layer of teal-colored fluorite
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Thin tabular biotite cluster
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Brookite from Kharan, Balochistan, Pakistan
Varieties that are not valid species:

C

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Radiating spray of colorless wheatsheaf calcite crystals on matrix, from Iraí, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Rhombohedrons of calcite that appear almost as books of petals, piled up 3-dimensionally on the matrix, from Eastern Europe
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Sky blue, prismatic crystals of celestine from Majunga, Madagascar
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Pocket cavity of small chrysocolla stalactites from Ray Mine, Scott Mountain area, Mineral Creek District, Arizona, USA
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Cinnabar on dolomite
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Cubic Cobaltite, Sudbury District, Ontario, Canada
Varieties that are not valid species:

D

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The slightly misshapen octahedral shape of this rough diamond crystal in matrix is typical of the mineral
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Dioptase from Tsumeb, Namibia
Varieties that are not valid species:

E

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Emerald on quartz, from Carnaiba Mine, Pindobaçu, Campo Formoso ultramafic complex, Bahia, Brazil
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Epidote crystals on matrix mined in Katsna Yama, Pervouralsk, Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia
Varieties that are not valid species:

F

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Translucent fluorapophyllit-(K) crystal and stilbite, from Jalgaon District, Maharashtra, India
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Deep green isolated fluorite crystal showing cubic and octahedral faces, set upon a micaceous matrix
Varieties that are not valid species:

G

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Garnet
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Gold vein stockwork in limonite, from Gold Flake Vein, Farncomb Hill, Breckenridge Mining District, Summit County, Colorado, USA
Varieties that are not valid species:

H

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Brazilian trigonal hematite crystals
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Heulandite and Celadonite, Aurangabad District, Maharashtra, India
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Hübnerite and quartz
Varieties that are not valid species:

I

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Inyoite from Monte Azul deposit, Sijes, Salta, Argentina
Varieties that are not valid species:
  • Idocrase (synonym of vesuvianite)
  • Iolite (a gem-quality variety of cordierite)

J

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Benitoite (blue), joaquinite-(Ce) (brown) and neptunite (dark red) on natrolite (white), from Dallas Gem Mine area, San Benito River headwaters area, New Idria District, Diablo Range, San Benito Co., California, USA
Varieties that are not valid species:

K

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Kainosite-(Y) from the Amphibolite quarry, Haslach, Black Forest, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
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Kröhnkite from Cuquicamata Mine, Chuquicamata District, Calama, El Loa Province, Antofagasta Region, Chile
Varieties that are not valid species:

L

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Langite from Alsace, France
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Legrandite on limonite
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Liddicoatite on quartz and feldspar
Varieties that are not valid species:

M

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Magnetite from Speen Ghar, Nangarhar Province, Afghanistan
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Manganite from Ilfeld, Thuringia, Germany
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Mesolite at the Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Mimetite on limonite matrix
Varieties that are not valid species:

N

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Needles of natrolite on deep pink inesite
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Neptunite from California, USA
Varieties that are not valid species:

O

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Boulder opal, Carisbrooke Station near Winton, Queensland, Australia
Varieties that are not valid species:

P

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A native Platinum nugget from the Kondyor mine, Khabarovsk Krai, Russia.
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Pectolite from Paterson, Passaic County, New Jersey, USA
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Phosphophyllite from Cerro de Potosí, Potosí Department, Bolivia
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Proustite from Chanarcillo, Copiapo Province, Chile
Varieties that are not valid species:

Q

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Quartz

R

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Crystals of cherry red ruby in matrix
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Rock crystal
Varieties that are not valid species:

S

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Native silver on Acanthite, Imiter Mine, Ouarzazate Province, Morocco
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Gypsum (selenite variety): Santa Eulalia District, Chihuahua, Mexico
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Serandite clusters from Poudrette quarry, Mont Saint-Hilaire, Montérégie, Québec, Canada
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Botryoidal balls of shattuckite, from Otjikotu, Kaokoveld, Kunene, Namibia
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Ball of stepped stannite crystals flanked by splaying GEM quartzes and golden chalcopyrite at its upper edge, from Yaogangxian Mine, Yizhang County, Chenzhou Prefecture, Hunan Province, China
Varieties that are not valid species:

T

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Crystal of titanite with adularia and minor clinochlore on matrix
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Fluorite crystal sitting beside a glassy, dark green tourmaline crystal, which itself sits atop a green tourmaline of a lighter color. All sit on a bed of sparkly, bladed stark white albite
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Turquoise from the Copper Cities Mine, near Miami, Arizona, USA
Varieties that are not valid species:

U

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Uranophane, Musonoi Mine, Kolwezi, Katanga (Shaba), Democratic Republic of Congo. FOV: 6 mm

V

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Vanadinite from the Mibladen Mining District, Morocco

W

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Deep green balls of wavellite in exposed pocket, from Mauldin Mountain Quarries, Montgomery County, Arkansas, USA

X

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Radial fibrous inesite and xonotlite from Northern Cape Province, South Africa

Y

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Yugawaralite crystals in a sheltered vug, from Jalgaon District, Maharashtra, India
Varieties that are not valid species:

Z

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Zeolite with heulandite on quartz
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Zircon from Gilgit, Pakistan
Varieties that are not valid species:

Referensi

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  1. ↑ Mehl, Jr, James P; Jackson, Julia A (2005). Neuendorf, Klaus K.E (ed.). Glossary of Geologi. American Geological Institute.
  2. ↑ Anthony, J.W.; Bideaux, R.A.; Bladh, K.W.; Nichols, M.C., ed. (19 March 2021). "Ice" (PDF). Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America. Diakses tanggal 26 November 2024.
  3. ↑ Pasero, Marco; et al. (July 2024). "IMA List of Minerals". IMA Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 25 April 2024. Diakses tanggal 19 July 2024.

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