| Nhoroondo (yakatorwa kubva kuChigiriki Chekare: ἱστορία (historía) 'kubvunza; ruzivo rwakawanikwa nekuferefeta') chidzidzo chakarongeka uye zvinyorwa zvezviitwa zvevanhu. Nguva yechiitiko isati yatanga kugadzirwa kwemaitiro ekunyora inonzi utange-nhoroondo. "Nhoroondo" iamburera izwi rinosanganisira zviitiko zvakapfuura pamwe nendangariro, kuwanikwa, kuunganidza, kurongeka, kuratidzwa, uye dudziro yezviitiko izvi. Vanyori venhoroondo vanotsvaga ruzivo rwekare vachishandisa zvinyorwa zvenhoroondo zvakaita semagwaro akanyorwa, nhoroondo dzepamuromo, hunyanzvi uye zvinhu zvakagadzirwa, uye zviratidzo zvezvipenyu. Nhoroondo haina kukwana uye ichine zvakavanzika zvinokakavadzana.
Nhoroondo zvakare chirango chedzidzo icho chinoshandisa rondedzero kutsanangura, kuongorora, kubvunza, uye kuongorora zviitiko zvekare, uye kuongorora maitiro azvo echikonzero nemhedzisiro. Vanyori venhoroondo vanowanzokakavadzana kuti ndeipi rondedzero inotsanangura chiitiko, pamwe nekukosha kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana nemhedzisiro. Vanyori vezvakaitika kare vanokakavadzanawo nezvemhando yenhoroondo semagumo pachayo, pamwe nekubatsira kwayo kupa maonero ematambudziko emazuva ano.
Nhau dzinozivikanwa kune imwe tsika, asi dzisingatsigirwe nevekunze (senge ngano dzakatenderedza King Arthur), dzinowanzoiswa senhaka yetsika kana ngano. Zvakaitika kare zvakasiyana nengano pakuti zvinotsigirwa nouchapupu hune chokwadi. Nekudaro, pesvedzero dzetsika dzechinyakare dzakabatsira kuburitsa kududzira kwakasiyana kwechimiro chenhoroondo chakashanduka kwemazana emakore uye chiri kuramba chichichinja nhasi. Chidzidzo chemazuva ano chenhoroondo chakafaranuka, uye chinosanganisira kudzidza kwematunhu chaiwo uye ongororo yezvimwe zvinhu zvemusoro kana dingindira rekuferefeta nhoroondo. Nhoroondo inowanzodzidziswa sechikamu chedzidzo yepuraimari nesekondari, uye kudzidza kwenhoroondo chirango chikuru muzvidzidzo zveyunivhesiti.
Herodotus, wezana ramakore rechi 5 BC munyori wenhoroondo weGreek, anowanzo kutorwa se "baba venhoroondo" (sezvo aive mumwe wevanyori venhoroondo vekutanga) mutsika yekuMadokero, kunyangwe akashoropodzwawo sa "baba venhema". Pamwe chete neakararama panguva imwe chete naye Thucydides, akabatsira kuumba hwaro hwechidzidzo chemazuva ano chezviitiko zvekare uye nzanga. Mabasa avo anoramba achiverengwa nhasi, uye mukaha pakati peHerodotus akatarisana netsika uye Thucydides akatarisana nemauto anoramba ari pfungwa yekukakavara kana nzira mukunyora kwenhoroondo yemazuva ano. KuMabvazuva kwe Ezhiya, chinyorwa chenyika, Chitubu uye Autumn Annals, yainzi ichiri kubvira 722 BC, kunyangwe zvinyorwa zve2nd-century BC chete ndizvo zvakapona... (werengai zvidzamu...) |
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