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Kristiansand Municipality

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Kristiansand Municipality
Kristiansand kommune
Municipality
View of the Kristiansand harbour
View of the Kristiansand harbour
Coat of arms of Kristiansand Municipality
Coat of arms
Agder within Norway
Agder within Norway
Kristiansand within Agder
Kristiansand within Agder
Coordinates: 58°08′48″N 7°59′44″E / 58.14671°N 7.9956°E / 58.14671; 7.9956
CountryNorway
CountyAgder
DistrictKristiansand Region
Established1 Jan 1838
 • Created asFormannskapsdistrikt
Administrative centreKristiansand
Government
 • Mayor (2023)Mathias Bernander (H)
Area
 • Total
644.63 km2 (248.89 sq mi)
 • Land610.61 km2 (235.76 sq mi)
 • Water34.02 km2 (13.14 sq mi)  5.3%
 • Rank#175 in Norway
Highest elevation
[1]
413.76 m (1,357.5 ft)
Population
 (2026)
 • Total
119,287
 • Rank#6 in Norway
 • Density195.4/km2 (506/sq mi)
 • Change (10 years)
Increase +12.4%
DemonymsKristiansander
Kristiansandar[2]
Official language
[3]
 • Norwegian formNeutral
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
ISO 3166 codeNO-4204[4]
WebsiteOfficial website
Data from Statistics Norway

Kristiansand[5] (Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈkrɪstɪansan] ⓘ) is a municipality in Agder county, Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the city of Kristiansand, located along the coast of the large municipality. The city is also the administrative centre of Agder county. In addition to the city of Kristiansand, there are several other notable villages and urban areas throughout the municipality including: Finsland, Høllen, Ny-Hellesund, Skålevik, Tveit, Korsvik, Volleberg, Nodeland, Brennåsen, and Søgne.

The 644.63-square-kilometre (248.89 sq mi) municipality is the 175th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Kristiansand Municipality is the 6th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 119,287. The municipality's population density is 195.4 inhabitants per square kilometre (506/sq mi) and its population has increased by 12.4% over the previous 10-year period.[6][7]

Tourism is very important in Kristiansand Municipality, and the summer season is the most popular for tourists. Kristiansand Zoo and Amusement Park is the largest zoo in Norway, located to the northeast of the city of Kristiansand. It receives over 900,000 visitors every year. Markens Street is the main pedestrian street in downtown Kristiansand where there are many shops and restaurats. Bystranda is a city beach located in Kvadraturen; Hamresanden beach is the longest beach in the municipality, located along the Topdalsfjorden. Hamresanden Camping is a popular family activity during the summer season. The city hosts a free weekly concert in downtown Kristiansand in the summertime. Outside the city is the industrial park Sørlandsparken, which includes Sørlandssenteret, Norway's largest mall. There are many holiday cottages and summer homes along the coast and on the many small coastal islands in the Skagerrak to the south.

General information

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BERJAYA
Aerial view of the centre of the city of Kristiansand
BERJAYA
View of Møllebakken in Songdalen
BERJAYA
View of Trysnes in Søgne

The kjøpstad (city) of Christianssand (later spelled Kristiansand) was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt law). Initially, the municipality and the small city had the same boundaries. On 1 July 1921, a large area (population: 2,164) of Oddernes Municipality was transferred into the city, greatly increasing the size of the city-municipality.[8]

During the 1960s, there were many municipal mergers across Norway due to the work of the Schei Committee.[9][10] On 1 January 1965, the following areas were merged to form a much larger Kristiansand Municipality which included the city center and large rural areas surrounding the city:[8]

In 2020, there were many municipal and county mergers across Norway due to the work of the Solberg cabinet.[10] Historically, this municipality was part of the old Vest-Agder county. On 1 January 2020, the municipality became a part of the newly-formed Agder county (after Aust-Agder and Vest-Agder counties were merged).[11] Also on 1 January 2020, the following areas were merged to form a much larger Kristiansand Municipality:[12]

Name

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The municipality is named after the historic city of Christianssand (later spelled Kristiansand). The city itself was named after the Dano-Norwegian King Christian IV, who founded the city on 5 July 1641. The first element of the name is Christian or the more modern Norwegian spelling Kristian, the name of the King. The second element of the city's name, sand, comes from the Old Norse word sandr which means "sand" or "sandy ground". This refers to the sandy headland upon which the city was originally built.

Historically, the name was usually written Christianssand until 1877, although the map of the mapmaker Pontoppidan from 1785 spelled the name Christiansand (with a single 's'). In 1877, an official spelling reform aimed at bringing city names into line with modern Norwegian orthography changed the Ch to K so the name became Kristianssand. The other Norwegian cities of Kristiansund and Kristiania (Oslo), also had their spellings changed under the same reform. Despite that, a number of businesses and associations retain the "Ch" spelling. The name was again changed to its present form, Kristiansand (single "s"), in 1889.

In 2012, the city's mayor, Arvid Grundekjøn, proposed that the city be renamed Christianssand, arguing that "Kristiansand" is grammatically meaningless and that Christianssand stands for tradition.[13] This proposal was not well received by the locals and the mayor has not pushed this further.

Coat-of-arms

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The coat of arms of Kristiansand was granted on 8 December 1909 and were based on the oldest seal of the city, dating from 1643. In 1643, King Christian IV granted the young town the right to use a seal with the Norwegian lion and the royal crown. The crown indicates that the city was founded by the king. The other major element in the arms is a tree. As the species of tree is not specified, there are several known versions with differently shaped trees. A second seal, from 1658, shows a tree with leaves and what look like pine cones.[14] On the base of the crown are the letters R. F. P., standing for Regna Firma Pietas which means "Piety strengthens the realm"; this was Christian IV's motto. Around the seal of the city is its motto, Cavsa Triumphat Tandem Bona which means "A good cause prevails in the end".[15]

Churches

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BERJAYA
BERJAYA
BERJAYA

The Church of Norway has 15 parishes (sokn) within Kristiansand Municipality. It is part of the Kristiansand domprosti (arch-deanery) in the Diocese of Agder.

Churches in Kristiansand Municipality
Parish (sokn)Church nameLocation of the churchYear built
Kristiansand
domkirke		Kristiansand CathedralKristiansand1884
FinslandFinsland ChurchFinsland1803
FlekkerøyFlekkerøy ChurchFlekkerøy1960
GreipstadGreipstad ChurchNodeland1829
GrimGrim ChurchGrim1969
HellemyrHellemyr ChurchHellemyr1988
HånesHånes ChurchHånes1986
LundLund ChurchLund1987
OddernesJustvik ChurchJustvik1985
Oddernes ChurchLundc. 1040
RandesundRandesund ChurchRandesund1864
Søm ChurchSøm2004
SøgneSøgne ChurchLunde1861
Old Søgne ChurchSøgne1604
TorridalTorridal ChurchAugland1978
TveitTveit ChurchTveitc. 1100
VoieVoie ChurchVoie1990
VågsbygdVågsbygd ChurchVågsbygd1967


Geography

[edit]
BERJAYA
Dueknipen, Kristiansand

Kristiansand Municipality is located along the Skagerrak. Until the opening of the Kiel Canal between the North Sea and the Baltic Sea, the Skagerrak was very important militarily and geopolitically. This meant that for centuries it served as a military stronghold, first as Harald Fairhair's royal residence, then as a Danish-Norwegian fortress, and later as a garrison town. Kristiansand is a gateway to and from the continent, with ferry service to Denmark and a terminus of the railway line along the southern edge of South Norway.

Outside of the city, there are forests, rivers, and large hilly areas. Two major rivers flow through the municipality: the Otra and the Tovdalselva. Both flow into the Skagerrak at in the city of Kristiansand. The highest point in the municipality is the 413.76-metre (1,357.5 ft) tall mountain Havsåsknotten, located a short distance northeast of the village of Finsland in the northern part of the municipality.[1]

Government

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BERJAYA
Kristiansand City Hall

Kristiansand Municipality is responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services, senior citizen services, welfare and other social services, zoning, economic development, and municipal roads and utilities. The municipality is governed by a municipal council of directly elected representatives. The mayor is indirectly elected by a vote of the municipal council.[16] The municipality is under the jurisdiction of the Agder District Court and the Agder Court of Appeal.

Kristiansand Municipality has no local parliamentary government, but is managed by the municipal council and an executive committee. The mayor is the spokesman for the city, head of the council and leader of the executive committee. In Kristiansand the mayor has represented the center-right parties since the late 1940s.

Municipal council

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The municipal council (Bystyre) of Kristiansand Municipality is made up of 57 representatives that are elected to four year terms. The tables below show the current and historical composition of the council by political party.

Kristiansand bystyre 2023–2027 [17]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 8
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 5
  Green Party (Miljøpartiet De Grønne) 2
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 17
  Industry and Business Party (Industri‑ og Næringspartiet) 1
  The Conservatives (Konservativt) 1
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 7
  The Center Party (Partiet Sentrum) 1
  Pensioners' Party (Pensjonistpartiet) 3
  Red Party (Rødt) 2
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 2
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 4
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 3
 Kleppe List (Kleppelista)1
Total number of members:57
Kristiansand bystyre 2019–2023 [18]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 13
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 4
  Green Party (Miljøpartiet De Grønne) 6
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 13
  The Christians Party (Partiet De Kristne) 1
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 8
  The Democrats (Demokratene) 10
  Pensioners' Party (Pensjonistpartiet) 1
  Red Party (Rødt) 2
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 3
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 4
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
 Cross-party people's list for all Kristiansand (Tverrpolitisk Folkeliste For Hele Kristiansand)4
Total number of members:71
Kristiansand bystyre 2015–2019 [19]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 15
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 4
  Green Party (Miljøpartiet De Grønne) 3
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 13
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 8
  The Democrats (Demokratene) 2
  Pensioners' Party (Pensjonistpartiet) 1
  Red Party (Rødt) 1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 1
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 2
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 3
Total number of members:53
Kristiansand bystyre 2011–2015 [20]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 14
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 6
  Green Party (Miljøpartiet De Grønne) 1
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 14
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 9
  The Democrats (Demokratene) 2
  Pensioners' Party (Pensjonistpartiet) 2
  Red Party (Rødt) 1
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 1
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 3
Total number of members:53
Kristiansand bystyre 2007–2011 [19]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 11
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 9
  Green Party (Miljøpartiet De Grønne) 1
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 11
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 10
  The Democrats (Demokratene) 2
  Pensioners' Party (Pensjonistpartiet) 3
  Red Electoral Alliance (Rød Valgallianse) 1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 1
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 2
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
Total number of members:53
Kristiansand bystyre 2003–2007 [19]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 8
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 8
  Green Party (Miljøpartiet De Grønne) 2
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 11
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 10
  The Democrats (Demokratene) 2
  Pensioners' Party (Pensjonistpartiet) 1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 1
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 8
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
Total number of members:53
Kristiansand bystyre 1999–2003 [19]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 9
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 10
  Green Party (Miljøpartiet De Grønne) 1
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 15
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 10
  Pensioners' Party (Pensjonistpartiet) 1
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 4
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 3
Total number of members:53
Kristiansand bystyre 1995–1999 [21]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 11
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 8
  Green Party (Miljøpartiet De Grønne) 1
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 12
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 11
  Pensioners' Party (Pensjonistpartiet) 3
  Red Electoral Alliance (Rød Valgallianse) 1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 1
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 2
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 3
Total number of members:53
Kristiansand bystyre 1991–1995 [22]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 12
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 8
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 19
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 14
  Pensioners' Party (Pensjonistpartiet) 10
  Red Electoral Alliance (Rød Valgallianse) 1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 3
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 6
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
  Joint list of the Green Party and Kristiansand city and environmental protection list (Miljøpartiet De Grønne/Kristiansand By og Miljøvernliste) 2
Total number of members:77
Kristiansand bystyre 1987–1991 [23]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 15
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 10
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 17
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 12
  Pensioners' Party (Pensjonistpartiet) 6
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 1
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 2
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 8
 Kristiansand city and environmental protection list (Kristiansand By og Miljøvernliste)6
Total number of members:77
Kristiansand bystyre 1983–1987 [24]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 22
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 5
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 25
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 15
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 2
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 2
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 4
 Kristiansand city and environmental protection list (Kristiansand By og Miljøvernliste)2
Total number of members:77
Kristiansand bystyre 1979–1983 [25]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 18
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 1
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 27
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 16
  New People's Party (Nye Folkepartiet) 1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 3
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 2
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 5
 Kristiansand city and environmental protection list (Kristiansand By og Miljøvernliste)4
Total number of members:77
Kristiansand bystyre 1975–1979 [26]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 20
  Anders Lange's Party (Anders Langes parti) 2
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 19
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 20
  New People's Party (Nye Folkepartiet) 5
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 2
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 3
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 6
Total number of members:77
Kristiansand bystyre 1971–1975 [27]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 24
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 13
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 13
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 4
  Socialist People's Party (Sosialistisk Folkeparti) 5
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 18
Total number of members:77
Kristiansand bystyre 1967–1971 [28]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 26
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 14
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 9
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 3
  Socialist People's Party (Sosialistisk Folkeparti) 2
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 23
Total number of members:77
Kristiansand bystyre 1963–1967 [29]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 25
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 11
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 6
  Socialist People's Party (Sosialistisk Folkeparti) 1
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 18
Total number of members:61
Kristiansand bystyre 1959–1963 [30]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 23
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 10
  Communist Party (Kommunistiske Parti) 1
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 6
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 1
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 20
Total number of members:61
Kristiansand bystyre 1955–1959 [31]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 24
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 11
  Communist Party (Kommunistiske Parti) 1
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 6
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 19
Total number of members:61
Kristiansand bystyre 1951–1955 [32]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 23
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 10
  Communist Party (Kommunistiske Parti) 2
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 4
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 18
  Local List(s) (Lokale lister) 3
Total number of members:60
Kristiansand bystyre 1947–1951 [33]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 21
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 11
  Communist Party (Kommunistiske Parti) 3
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 5
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 14
  Local List(s) (Lokale lister) 6
Total number of members:60
Kristiansand bystyre 1945–1947 [34]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 24
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 9
  Communist Party (Kommunistiske Parti) 3
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 13
  Local List(s) (Lokale lister) 11
Total number of members:60
Kristiansand bystyre 1937–1941* [35]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 20
  Temperance Party (Avholdspartiet) 10
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 10
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 20
Total number of members:60
Note: Due to the German occupation of Norway during World War II, no elections were held for new municipal councils until after the war ended in 1945.
Kristiansand bystyre 1934–1937 [36]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 19
  Temperance Party (Avholdspartiet) 9
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 11
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 21
Total number of members:60
Kristiansand bystyre 1931–1934 [37]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 18
  Temperance Party (Avholdspartiet) 11
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 18
  Joint list of the Conservative Party (Høyre) and the Free-minded People's Party (Frisinnede Folkeparti) 13
Total number of members:60
Kristiansand bystyre 1928–1931 [38]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 21
  Temperance Party (Avholdspartiet) 12
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 17
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 10
Total number of members:60
Kristiansand bystyre 1925–1928 [39]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 12
  Temperance Party (Avholdspartiet) 12
  Social Democratic Labour Party
(Socialdemokratiske Arbeiderparti)		 7
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 9
  Joint list of the Conservative Party (Høyre) and the Free-minded Liberal Party (Frisinnede Venstre) 20
Total number of members:60
Kristiansand bystyre 1922–1925 [40]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 14
  Temperance Party (Avholdspartiet) 11
  Social Democratic Labour Party
(Socialdemokratiske Arbeiderparti)		 4
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 11
  Joint list of the Conservative Party (Høyre) and the Free-minded Liberal Party (Frisinnede Venstre) 20
Total number of members:60
Kristiansand bystyre 1919–1922 [41]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 14
  Temperance Party (Avholdspartiet) 17
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 11
  Joint list of the Conservative Party (Høyre) and the Free-minded Liberal Party (Frisinnede Venstre) 18
Total number of members:60

Mayors

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The mayor (Norwegian: ordfører) of Kristiansand Municipality is the political leader of the municipality and the chairperson of the municipal council. The following people have held this position:[42][43]

  • 1838–1838: Jacob von der Lippe
  • 1838–1839: Mathias Andreas Boye
  • 1840–1840: Jacob von der Lippe
  • 1841–1843: Isaach Willoch
  • 1844–1844: Jacob Andreas Falch
  • 1845–1845: Paul Brodahl Lassen
  • 1846–1846: Anton Carl Hartmann
  • 1847–1847: Niels Wisløw Rogstad
  • 1848–1848: Anton Carl Hartmann
  • 1849–1849: Anthon Wilhelm Manthey
  • 1850–1851: Jens Nicolai Heyerdahl
  • 1851–1853: Oluf Steen Julius Berner
  • 1854–1854: Michael Rolfsen
  • 1855–1855: Niels Wisløw Rogstad
  • 1856–1856: Anton Carl Hartmann
  • 1857–1857: Michael Rolfsen
  • 1858–1858: Niels Wisløw Rogstad
  • 1859–1860: Hans Maartmann Fleischer
  • 1861–1862: Claus Christian Olroy
  • 1863–1863: Hans Maartmann Fleischer
  • 1864–1864: Claus Christian Olroy
  • 1865–1865: Hans Maartmann Fleischer
  • 1866–1866: Michael Rolfsen
  • 1867–1868: Einar Tambeskjælver Rosenqvist
  • 1869–1873: Hans Maartmann Fleischer
  • 1874–1874: Peder Ferdinand Reinhardt
  • 1875–1875: Hans Maartmann Fleischer
  • 1876–1876: Peter Lorentz Stabel
  • 1877–1879: Hans Maartmann Fleischer
  • 1880–1892: Peter Lorentz Stabel
  • 1892–1894: Arne Vogt
  • 1895–1904: Carl Arnesen (V)
  • 1905–1907: E.A. Gundersen (V)
  • 1908–1910: Mathias Hansen (H)
  • 1911–1911: Bernt Reinhardt (H)
  • 1912–1912: Christian Reinhardt Bergsland (H)
  • 1913–1913: Henrik J. Tellefsen (AvH)
  • 1914–1919: Einar Jørgensen (V)
  • 1920–1922: Nicolay Eckhoff (H)
  • 1923–1924: Carl Christiansen (H)
  • 1925–1925: Bernt Reinhardt (H)
  • 1926–1926: Nicolay Eckhoff (H)
  • 1927–1928: William Dahl-Hansen (H)
  • 1929–1931: Johan Øydegard (Ap)
  • 1932–1937: Einar Jørgensen (V)
  • 1938–1940: Rudolf Peersen (V)
  • 1941–1945: O.A. Fosby (NS)
  • 1945–1945: Rudolf Peersen (V)
  • 1946–1947: Karl Rosenløv (Ap)
  • 1948–1952: Aage Grønningsæter (V)
  • 1953–1955: Johannes Seland (V)
  • 1956–1963: Leo Tallaksen (V)
  • 1964–1965: Alfred Netland (V)
  • 1966–1971: Leo Tallaksen (V)
  • 1972–1975: Einar Hansen (V)
  • 1976–1977: Harald Synnes (KrF)
  • 1978–1991: Paul Otto Johnsen (H)
  • 1991–2003: Bjørg Wallevik (H)
  • 2003–2007: Jan Oddvar Skisland (KrF)
  • 2007–2011: Per Sigurd Sørensen (H)
  • 2011–2015: Arvid Grundekjøn (H)
  • 2015–2019: Harald Furre (H)
  • 2019–2023: Jan Oddvar Skisland (Ap)
  • 2023–present: Mathias Bernander (H)[44]

Twin towns – sister cities

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Kristiansand is twinned with:[45]

References

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  1. 1 2 "Høgaste fjelltopp i kvar kommune" (in Norwegian). Kartverket. 16 January 2024.
  2. ↑ "Navn på steder og personer: Innbyggjarnamn" (in Norwegian). Språkrådet.
  3. ↑ "Forskrift om målvedtak i kommunar og fylkeskommunar" (in Norwegian). Lovdata.no.
  4. ↑ Bolstad, Erik; Thorsnæs, Geir, eds. (9 January 2024). "Kommunenummer". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Foreningen Store norske leksikon.
  5. ↑ "Informasjon om stadnamn". Norgeskart (in Norwegian). Kartverket. Retrieved 16 July 2026.
  6. ↑ Statistisk sentralbyrå. "Table: 06913: Population 1 January and population changes during the calendar year (M)" (in Norwegian).
  7. ↑ Statistisk sentralbyrå. "09280: Area of land and fresh water (km²) (M)" (in Norwegian).
  8. 1 2 Jukvam, Dag (1999). "Historisk oversikt over endringer i kommune- og fylkesinndelingen" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Statistisk sentralbyrå. ISBN 9788253746845.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: periodical has ISBN (link)
  9. ↑ Grepstad, Jon, ed. (25 March 2025). "Nikolai Schei". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Foreningen Store norske leksikon. Retrieved 19 March 2026.
  10. 1 2 Hansen, Tore; Thorsnæs, Geir, eds. (27 May 2024). "kommuneinndelingen i Norge". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Foreningen Store norske leksikon. Retrieved 19 March 2026.
  11. ↑ Thorsnæs, Geir, ed. (4 March 2026). "Agder". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Foreningen Store norske leksikon. Retrieved 24 May 2026.
  12. ↑ "Nye Kristiansand" (in Norwegian). Kristiansand kommune. Archived from the original on 1 September 2019. Retrieved 5 November 2017.
  13. ↑ "Kristiansand eller Christianssand? - Sørlandet - NRK Nyheter". Nrk.no. 3 February 2012. Archived from the original on 5 February 2012. Retrieved 14 May 2013.
  14. ↑ Norske Kommunevåpen (1990). "Nye kommunevåbener i Norden" (in Norwegian). Archived from the original on 15 July 2007. Retrieved 27 September 2008.
  15. ↑ "Regler om bruk av Kristiansands byvåpen og segl i ikke kommunalt øyemed" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Kristiansand Municipality. 23 August 1989. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 December 2013. Retrieved 24 December 2013.
  16. ↑ Hansen, Tore; Vabo, Signy Irene, eds. (25 November 2024). "kommunestyre". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Foreningen Store norske leksikon. Retrieved 31 December 2024.
  17. ↑ "Kommunestyrevalg 2023 - Agder". Valgdirektoratet. Retrieved 28 January 2024.
  18. ↑ "Kommunestyrevalg 2019 – Agder". Valgdirektoratet. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
  19. 1 2 3 4 "Table: 04813: Members of the local councils, by party/electoral list at the Municipal Council election (M)" (in Norwegian). Statistics Norway. Archived from the original on 19 April 2020. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
  20. ↑ "Kommunestyrevalg 2011 – Vest-Agder". Valgdirektoratet. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
  21. ↑ "Kommunestyrevalget 1995" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo-Kongsvinger: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1996. Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 September 2014. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
  22. ↑ "Kommunestyrevalget 1991" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo-Kongsvinger: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1993. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 May 2015. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
  23. ↑ "Kommunestyrevalget 1987" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo-Kongsvinger: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1988. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 October 2014. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
  24. ↑ "Kommunestyrevalget 1983" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo-Kongsvinger: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1984. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 October 2014. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
  25. ↑ "Kommunestyrevalget 1979" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1979. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 September 2014. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
  26. ↑ "Kommunevalgene 1975" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1977. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 March 2016. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
  27. ↑ "Kommunevalgene 1972" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1973. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 April 2016. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
  28. ↑ "Kommunevalgene 1967" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1967. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 April 2016. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
  29. ↑ "Kommunevalgene 1963" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1964. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 April 2016. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
  30. ↑ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1959" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1960. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 March 2016. Retrieved 5 December 2020.
  31. ↑ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1955" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1957. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 February 2020. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
  32. ↑ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1951" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1952. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 March 2016. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
  33. ↑ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1947" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1948. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 March 2016. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
  34. ↑ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1945" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1947. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 August 2014. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
  35. ↑ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1937" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1938. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
  36. ↑ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1934" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1935. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
  37. ↑ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1931" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1932. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 April 2016. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
  38. ↑ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1928" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1929. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 April 2016. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
  39. ↑ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1925" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1926. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 August 2014. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
  40. ↑ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1922" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1923. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 April 2016. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
  41. ↑ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1919" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1920. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
  42. ↑ "Ordførere i Kristiansand". Ordføreren.no (in Norwegian). Archived from the original on 5 March 2016.
  43. ↑ Fiva, Jon H; Sørensen, Rune J.; Vøllo, Reidar, eds. (2024). "Local Candidate Dataset" (PDF).
  44. ↑ Sandve, Elisabeth (12 September 2023). "Mathias Bernander (H) blir ordfører i Kristiansand". NRK (in Norwegian). Retrieved 28 January 2024.
  45. ↑ "Kristiansand – A creative city with ambitions" (PDF). eapc2020-cpc.no. European Congress on Paediatric Palliative Care. November 2018. p. 22. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 October 2020. Retrieved 31 January 2021.
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