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Foreign relations of Malawi

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Malawi's former President Bakili Muluzi continued the pro-Western foreign policy established by his predecessor, Hastings Banda. It maintains excellent diplomatic relations with principal Western countries. Malawi's close relations with South Africa throughout the apartheid era strained its relations with other African nations. Following the collapse of apartheid in 1994, Malawi developed, and currently maintains, strong diplomatic relations with all African countries.

Bilateral donors

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Important bilateral donors include Canada, Denmark, Germany, Ireland, Iceland, Japan, South Korea, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Republic of China (Taiwan), the United Kingdom, and the United States. Multilateral donors include the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, the European Union, the African Development Bank, and the United Nations organizations.

SADC

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Malawi assumed the chair of the Southern African Development Community (SADC) in 2001. Muluzi took an active role in SADC on issues such as the global coalition against terrorism and land reform in Zimbabwe.

ACP

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Malawi has been a member of the ACP group since Lomé I and is also a party to the Cotonou Agreement, the partnership agreement between the European Community/European Union and 77 states from Africa, the Caribbean and the Pacific.

Memberships in international organizations

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Malawi is a member of the following international organizations: the Commonwealth of Nations, the United Nations and some of its specialized and related agencies (i.e. UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO), IMF, World Bank, Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA), World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), Berne Convention, Universal Copyright Convention, Organization of African Unity (OAU), Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa, Lomé Convention, African Development Bank (AFDB), Southern African Development Community (SADC), the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), Non-Aligned Movement, G-77, and the World Health Organization (WHO).

Malawi is also a member of the International Criminal Court with a Bilateral Immunity Agreement of protection for the US-military (as covered under Article 98).

Diplomatic relations

[edit]

List of countries which Malawi maintains diplomatic relations with:

BERJAYA
# Country Date
1 BERJAYA United Kingdom 6 July 1964[1]
2 BERJAYA France 6 July 1964[2]
3 BERJAYA Germany 6 July 1964[3]
4 BERJAYA United States 6 July 1964[4]
5 BERJAYA Ghana 8 July 1964[5]
6 BERJAYA Israel 15 July 1964[6]
7 BERJAYA Ethiopia 30 July 1964[7]
8 BERJAYA India 19 October 1964[8]
9 BERJAYA Egypt 25 November 1964[9]
10 BERJAYA Norway 9 March 1965[10]
11 BERJAYA South Korea 9 March 1965[11]
12 BERJAYA Portugal 27 May 1965[8]
13 BERJAYA Kenya 28 September 1965[12]
14 BERJAYA Austria 2 December 1965[13]
15 BERJAYA Netherlands 16 December 1965[14]
16 BERJAYA Pakistan 1965[15]
17 BERJAYA Belgium 28 January 1966[16]
— BERJAYA Holy See 5 February 1966[17]
18 BERJAYA Denmark 22 February 1966[18]
19 BERJAYA Sweden 31 March 1966[19]
20 BERJAYA  Switzerland 19 May 1966[8]
21 BERJAYA Japan 17 June 1966[8]
22 BERJAYA Italy 20 September 1966[8]
23 BERJAYA Botswana 1 July 1967[20]
24 BERJAYA South Africa 10 September 1967[21]
25 BERJAYA Turkey 4 August 1969[22]
26 BERJAYA Nigeria 29 November 1969[23]
27 BERJAYA Greece 30 April 1970[24]
28 BERJAYA Zambia 15 September 1970[25]
29 BERJAYA Iran 5 April 1971[26]
30 BERJAYA Spain 27 October 1972[27]
31 BERJAYA Canada 12 February 1974[28]
32 BERJAYA Cameroon 10 September 1974[29]
33 BERJAYA Lesotho 4 September 1976[30]
34 BERJAYA Luxembourg 28 October 1980[31]
35 BERJAYA Democratic Republic of the Congo November 1980[32][33]
36 BERJAYA Algeria 19 June 1981[34]
37 BERJAYA Mozambique 1 July 1981[35]
38 BERJAYA Zimbabwe 17 July 1981[35]
39 BERJAYA Uganda 1981[36]
40 BERJAYA North Korea 25 June 1982[37]
41 BERJAYA Australia 1 July 1983[38]
42 BERJAYA Tanzania 16 May 1985[39]
43 BERJAYA Albania 11 July 1985[40]
44 BERJAYA Romania 15 July 1985[41]
45 BERJAYA Finland 1 May 1986[35]
46 BERJAYA Thailand 1 June 1987[42]
47 BERJAYA Namibia 21 March 1990[43]
48 BERJAYA Brazil 23 August 1990[44]
49 BERJAYA Chile 30 November 1990[45]
50 BERJAYA Hungary 26 December 1990[46]
51 BERJAYA Czech Republic 20 March 1991[47]
52 BERJAYA Malaysia 6 November 1991[48]
53 BERJAYA Poland 10 July 1992[49]
54 BERJAYA Russia 2 November 1993[35]
55 BERJAYA Angola 9 November 1993[35]
56 BERJAYA Slovakia 30 December 1993[50]
57 BERJAYA Bulgaria 23 November 1994[35]
58 BERJAYA Kuwait 19 June 1995[51]
59 BERJAYA United Arab Emirates 12 June 1996[52]
60 BERJAYA Cuba 10 December 1997[53]
61 BERJAYA Serbia 13 February 1998[54]
62 BERJAYA Libya 15 February 1998[55]
63 BERJAYA Turkmenistan 20 February 1998[35]
64 BERJAYA Colombia 30 March 1998[35]
65 BERJAYA Trinidad and Tobago 21 April 1998[35]
66 BERJAYA Bahrain 9 June 1998[35]
67 BERJAYA Iceland 14 August 1998[56]
68 BERJAYA Singapore 24 August 1998[35]
69 BERJAYA Latvia 10 September 1998[35]
— BERJAYA State of Palestine 23 October 1998[57]
70 BERJAYA Croatia 13 November 1998[35]
71 BERJAYA Mexico 10 December 1998[35]
72 BERJAYA Ukraine 22 December 1998[35]
73 BERJAYA Argentina 11 March 1999[35]
74 BERJAYA Jordan 23 June 1999[35]
75 BERJAYA Saudi Arabia 15 August 1999[58]
76 BERJAYA North Macedonia 27 September 1999[35]
77 BERJAYA Jamaica 30 September 1999[59]
78 BERJAYA Sudan 12 April 2000[60]
79 BERJAYA Cyprus 22 June 2000[35]
80 BERJAYA Brunei 11 October 2000[61]
81 BERJAYA Morocco 31 January 2001[62]
82 BERJAYA Mauritius 9 February 2001[35]
83 BERJAYA Philippines 3 May 2001[35]
84 BERJAYA Seychelles 22 May 2001[35]
85 BERJAYA Rwanda 26 June 2001[63]
86 BERJAYA Belarus 13 July 2001[35]
— BERJAYA Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (cancelled) 24 March 2002[64][65]
87 BERJAYA Ireland 2002[66]
88 BERJAYA Azerbaijan 21 May 2004[35]
89 BERJAYA Venezuela 31 January 2007[67]
90 BERJAYA China 28 December 2007[68]
91 BERJAYA Liberia 26 February 2009[69]
92 BERJAYA Sri Lanka 9 June 2011[70]
93 BERJAYA Fiji 25 June 2011[71]
94 BERJAYA Estonia 19 July 2011[72]
95 BERJAYA Cambodia 20 July 2011[35]
96 BERJAYA Malta 21 July 2011[73]
97 BERJAYA Slovenia 21 July 2011[74]
98 BERJAYA Montenegro 16 September 2011[35]
99 BERJAYA Georgia 19 September 2011[35]
100 BERJAYA South Sudan 26 September 2011[35]
101 BERJAYA Bosnia and Herzegovina 18 October 2011[35]
102 BERJAYA Lithuania 18 November 2011[75]
103 BERJAYA Mongolia 21 December 2011[35]
104 BERJAYA Burkina Faso 2011[76]
105 BERJAYA Armenia 20 January 2012[35]
106 BERJAYA Myanmar 30 January 2012[77]
107 BERJAYA Bangladesh 15 March 2012[78]
108 BERJAYA Monaco 31 July 2012[79]
109 BERJAYA Qatar 26 September 2012[80]
110 BERJAYA New Zealand 20 March 2013[81]
111 BERJAYA Indonesia 29 September 2014[82]
112 BERJAYA Niger 8 March 2016[83][84]
113 BERJAYA Sierra Leone 8 March 2016[83][84]
114 BERJAYA Senegal 9 March 2016[85]
115 BERJAYA Burundi 4 April 2016[86]
— BERJAYA Kosovo 20 July 2016[87]
116 BERJAYA Oman 7 December 2016[35]
117 BERJAYA Tunisia 3 May 2017[88]
118 BERJAYA Eritrea 20 July 2017[89]
119 BERJAYA Lebanon 18 October 2017[90]
120 BERJAYA Benin 19 February 2019[91]
121 BERJAYA Gambia 19 September 2019[92]
122 BERJAYA Kyrgyzstan 22 September 2022[93]
123 BERJAYA Maldives 24 September 2022[35]
124 BERJAYA Nicaragua 25 September 2022[94]
125 BERJAYA Comoros 7 October 2022[95]
126 BERJAYA Republic of the Congo 18 October 2022[96]
127 BERJAYA Mauritania 18 October 2022[97][98]
128 BERJAYA   Nepal 16 February 2023[35]
129 BERJAYA Mali 2 August 2023[99]
130 BERJAYA Dominican Republic 1 November 2023[35]
131 BERJAYA San Marino 8 December 2023[35]
132 BERJAYA Iraq 27 June 2024[100]
133 BERJAYA Vietnam 23 September 2024[35]
134 BERJAYA Bahamas 22 October 2024[101]
135 BERJAYA Chad 26 November 2024[102]
136 BERJAYA Somalia 3 July 2025[103]
137 BERJAYA Eswatini Unknown
138 BERJAYA Madagascar Unknown
139 BERJAYA Peru Unknown[104]

Bilateral Relations

[edit]
Country Formal Relations Began Notes
BERJAYA Australia1 July 1983
BERJAYA Botswana1 July 1967

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 July 1967 when first High Commissioner of Botswana Mr. H. Mannathoko presented his credentials to President of Malawi.[20]

Both countries are full members of the Southern African Development Community, Commonwealth of Nations and of the Non-Aligned Movement.

BERJAYA Canada12 February 1974
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 February 1974[28]
  • Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations.
BERJAYA China28 December 2007

Hastings Banda recognized the Republic of China (Taiwan) in 1967. In January 2008, Malawi switched this recognition to the People's Republic of China. Archived 29 January 2008 at the Wayback Machine

Since 2008 there has been a significant shift by the Malawian government towards accepting investment from China.[106] Potentially this may be part of a wider power struggle between the East and West in Africa.[107]

BERJAYA Greece30 April 1970
BERJAYA India19 October 1964See India–Malawi relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 October 1964 when has been accredited Acting High Commissioner of India to Malawi Mr. Dileep S. Kamtekar.[8]

BERJAYA Israel15 July 1964See Israel–Malawi relations
BERJAYA Mexico10 December 1998
  • Malawi is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.[109]
  • Mexico is accredited to Malawi from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa.[110]
BERJAYA Mozambique1 July 1981See Malawi–Mozambique relations

Between 1985 and 1995, Malawi accommodated more than a million refugees from Mozambique. The refugee crisis placed a substantial strain on Malawi's economy but also drew significant inflows of international assistance. The accommodation and eventual repatriation of the Mozambicans is considered a major success by international organizations.

BERJAYA Philippines3 May 2001

Neither country has an embassy in each other's territories. The Philippines's embassy in Pretoria, South Africa, is accredited to Malawi; on the other hand, Malawi's embassy in Tokyo, Japan, is accredited to the Philippines.

As of 25 May 2018, the date of presentation of credentials of Philippine non-resident ambassador Uriel Norman Garibay to President Arthur Peter Mutharika, there are 41 Filipino nationals residing in Malawi, mainly in Blantyre and Lilongwe.[111]

BERJAYA Poland10 July 1992See Malawi–Poland relations
BERJAYA Qatar 26 September 2012 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 September 2012 when Ambassador of Malawi to Qatar (resident in Kuwait City) Mr. Yunis Abdul Karim has presented his credentials.[80]
BERJAYA Rwanda26 June 2001

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 June 2001 when accredited first Ambassador of Rwanda to Malawi (resident in Dar es Salaam) Mr. Zephyr Mutanguha[63]

In 1996, Malawi received a number of Rwandan and Congolese refugees seeking asylum. The government did not turn away refugees, but it did invoke the principle of "first country of asylum." Under this principle, refugees who requested asylum in another country first, or who had the opportunity to do so would not subsequently be granted asylum in Malawi. There were no reports of the forcible repatriation of refugees.

BERJAYA South Africa10 September 1967See Malawi–South Africa relations

The colonial structures of Malawian labour export to South African mines continued after Malawi achieved independence in 1964. Led by dictator Hastings Banda, Malawi was the only African country to maintain close relations with White-ruled South Africa until the 1994 election of Nelson Mandela. Malawians were viewed as important workers in the South African mines due to their "skills, work discipline and lack of militancy"[112] From 1988 to 1992, around 13,000 Malawian migrant laborers were forcefully repatriated out of South Africa. Officially, this was because 200 Malawians had tested positive for HIV in the previous two years, but many believe that it was due to the need for retrenchment of laborers during a crisis in South Africa's mining industry.[112]

Since South Africa and Malawi had their first democratic elections in 1994, Malawi and South Africa have enhanced relations. In 2008, the two governments signed a Memorandum of Understanding designed to enhance the relationship between the two countries through enhanced security cooperation.[113]

BERJAYA South Korea9 March 1965

In 2011 Bilateral Trade between both nations totaled US$31 million.[114]

BERJAYA Turkey4 August 1969
  • Embassy of Malawi in Berlin is accredited to Turkey.[115]
  • Turkish Embassy in Lusaka is accredited to Malawi.[115]
  • Trade volume between the two countries was US$21 million in 2019 (Malawi's exports/imports: 16.4/4.67 million USD).[115]
BERJAYA Ukraine22 December 1998See Malawi–Ukraine relations
BERJAYA United Kingdom6 July 1964[failed verification]See Malawi–United Kingdom relations

Malawi established diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 6 July 1964.[8][failed verification]

The UK governed Malawi from 1893 until 1964, when Malawi gained full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the Commonwealth, the International Criminal Court, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership,[118] and a Double Taxation Agreement.[119]

Historical ties make the UK historically one of the more important donors and supporters of Malawi. However, the expulsion of the UK's High Commissioner in April 2011 may change this relationship. Since the expulsion the UK has suspended direct government aid,[120] citing concerns over governance and human rights.

BERJAYA United States6 July 1964See Malawi–United States relations

The transition from a one-party state to a multi-party democracy significantly strengthened the already cordial U.S. relationship with Malawi. Significant numbers of Malawians study in the United States. The United States has an active Peace Corps program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Health and Human Services, and an Agency for International Development (USAID) mission in Malawi.

In July 2011, the United States suspended direct funding. The US government agency responsible, the Millennium Challenge Corporation, suspended aid because it was 'deeply upset' by the deaths of the 19 people during the July protests.[121]

BERJAYA Zimbabwe 17 July 1981 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 July 1981 when has been appointed first High Commissioner of Malawi to Zimbabwe Mr. M. A. Banda and open High Commission of Malawi in Harare.[122]

Malawi and the Commonwealth of Nations

[edit]

Malawi became a full member of the Commonwealth of Nations on independence from the United Kingdom in 1964. Queen Elizabeth II, Head of the Commonwealth, was Queen of Malawi, represented by the Governor-General of Malawi, until the country became a republic in the Commonwealth of Nations in 1966, when the then Prime Minister of Malawi, Hastings Banda, declared himself the first President of Malawi.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ↑ Diplomatic and Consular List Issue 3. Malawi. Ministry of External Affairs. 1967. p. 1. 6-7-1964 H.E. Mr. D. L. Cole, C.M.G., M.C. British High Commissioner (Doyen)
  2. ↑ "Malawi - France Relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs Malawi. Archived from the original on 16 February 2011. Retrieved 22 December 2023.
  3. ↑ "Verzeichnis der Vertretungen der Bundesrepublik Deutschland im Ausland sowie der Honorarkonsulinnen und Honorarkonsuln" (PDF). auswaertiges-amt.de (in German). p. 76. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 January 2022. Retrieved 5 May 2023.
  4. ↑ "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Malawi". history.state.gov. Archived from the original on 7 May 2023. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
  5. ↑ Southern African Political History: A Chronology of Key Political Events from Independence to Mid-1997. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1999. p. 156.
  6. ↑ Daily Report, Foreign Radio Broadcasts, Issues 137-138. United States. Central Intelligence Agency. 1964. p. 14.
  7. ↑ Daily Report, Foreign Radio Broadcasts no.151-152. Foreign Broadcast Information Service. 1964. p. 13.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Diplomatic and Consular List Issue 3. Malawi. Ministry of External Affairs. 1967. p. 1.
  9. ↑ Africa Research Bulletin. Blackwell. 1964. p. 184.
  10. ↑ "Norges opprettelse au diplomatiske forbindelser med fremmede stater" (PDF). regjeringen.no (in Norwegian). Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 September 2022. Retrieved 5 May 2023.
  11. ↑ "Malawi". Ministry of Foreign Affairs Republic of Korea. Archived from the original on 11 March 2023. Retrieved 22 December 2023.
  12. ↑ Southern African Political History: A Chronology of Key Political Events from Independence to Mid-1997. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1999. p. 160.
  13. ↑ Africa Research Bulletin. Blackwell. 1965. p. 435.
  14. ↑ Southern African Political History: A Chronology of Key Political Events from Independence to Mid-1997. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1999. p. 161.
  15. ↑ "Malawi and Pakistan enjoy cordial relation based on common interests and mutual respect since the establishment of diplomatic ties in 1965". Ministry of Foreign Affairs Malawi is on Facebook. 1 April 2022. Retrieved 23 December 2023.
  16. ↑ Belgisch staatsblad Issues 22-41 (in French and Dutch). 1966. p. 1043.
  17. ↑ "Diplomatic Relations Of The Holy See". Permanent Observer Mission of the Holy See to the United Nations. Archived from the original on 10 January 2021. Retrieved 22 December 2023.
  18. ↑ "Kongelig Dansk Hof-og Statskalender 1967" (PDF). SLÆGTSFORSKERNES BIBLIOTEK (in Danish). p. 28. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 July 2023. Retrieved 13 July 2023.
  19. ↑ "33 årig ambassadör hit från Malawi". Svenska Dagbladet (in Swedish). 29 September 1966. pp. A12. Retrieved 21 April 2025.
  20. 1 2 Report. Malawi. Police Force. 1968. p. 2.
  21. ↑ Southern African Political History: A Chronology of Key Political Events from Independence to Mid-1997. Greenwood Publishing Group. 1999. p. 166.
  22. ↑ Summary of World Broadcasts Non-Arab Africa · Issues 3118-3192. British Broadcasting Corporation. Monitoring Service. 1969. p. 4.
  23. ↑ Southern African Political History: A Chronology of Key Political Events from Independence to Mid-1997. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1999. p. 171.
  24. ↑ Summary of World Broadcasts Non-Arab Africa · Issues 3343-3419. British Broadcasting Corporation. Monitoring Service. 1970. p. 6.
  25. ↑ Summary of World Broadcasts: Non-Arab Africa - Issues 3420-3497. British Broadcasting Corporation. Monitoring Service. 1970.
  26. ↑ This is Malaŵi, 1-2. Malawi. Department of Information, Malawi. Department of Information and Touris. 1971. p. 5.
  27. ↑ "Relaciones diplomáticas del Estado Español" (in Spanish). p. 307. Archived from the original on 14 October 2022. Retrieved 13 July 2023.
  28. 1 2 International Perspectives. Canada. Department of External Affairs, Canadian Institute of Strategic Studies. 1974. p. 77.
  29. ↑ West Africa - Issues 2976-3001. Afrimedia International. 1974. p. 1087.
  30. ↑ Africa Research Bulletin. Blackwell. 1976. p. 4150.
  31. ↑ "Bulletin de documentation_1980_5" (PDF). sip.gouvernement.lu (in French). p. 35. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 May 2023. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
  32. ↑ Quarterly Economic Review of Zimbabwe, Malawi. Economist Intelligence Unit Limited. 1980. p. 15.
  33. ↑ Standard Chartered Review. Standard Chartered Bank. 1981. p. 7.
  34. ↑ Kalley, Jacqueline Audrey; Schoeman, Elna; Andor, Lydia Eve. Southern African Political History: A Chronology of Key Political Events from Independence to Mid-1997. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1999. p. 186.
  35. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 "Diplomatic relations between Malawi and ..." United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 31 January 2025.
  36. ↑ Diplomatic List in Uganda and Other Representatives as at ... Uganda. Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 1981. p. 71.
  37. ↑ "DPRK Diplomatic Relations" (PDF). ncnk.org. August 2016. p. 5. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 5 May 2023.
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  39. ↑ Southern African Political History: A Chronology of Key Political Events from Independence to Mid-1997. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1999. p. 188.
  40. ↑ Daily Report: Eastern Europe. Index, Volume 7. United States. Foreign Broadcast Information Service. p. 7.
  41. ↑ "Diplomatic Relations of Romania". Ministry of Foreign Affairs Romania. Archived from the original on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 22 December 2023.
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  48. ↑ Foreign Affairs Malaysia Volume 24. Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 1991. p. 109.
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  55. ↑ Moni. Vol. 36. Popular Publications Office. 1999. p. 4.
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  61. ↑ Southeast Asian Affairs 2001. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. 2003. ISBN 9789814517119. Archived from the original on 12 July 2023. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
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  63. 1 2 Diplomatic and Consular Directory, Issue 33. Malawi. Ministry of External Affairs, Malawi. Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation. 2002. p. 18.
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  66. ↑ Diplomatic and Consular Directory Issue 33. Malawi. Ministry of External Affairs, Malawi. Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation. 2002. p. 189.
  67. ↑ "Hoy extendemos un saludo al Gobierno y Pueblo de Malaui al celebrar 14 años del establecimiento de relaciones diplomáticas". Cancillería Venezuela (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 11 March 2023. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
  68. ↑ "Chinese Ambassador H.E. Long Zhou: "Strive for New Glory of China-Malawi Relations"". Embassy of the People's Republic of China in the Republic of Malawi. 29 December 2022. Archived from the original on 12 July 2023. Retrieved 13 July 2023.
  69. ↑ "Three Ambassadors to Present Credentials to President Sirleaf on Thursday". The Ministry of Foreign Affairs Republic of Liberia. 25 February 2009. Archived from the original on 22 December 2023. Retrieved 22 December 2023.
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  71. ↑ "Formal diplomatic relations list" (PDF). foreignaffairs.gov.fj. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 August 2019. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
  72. ↑ "Estonia, Malawi Establish Diplomatic Relations". news.err.ee. 21 July 2011. Archived from the original on 12 July 2023. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
  73. ↑ "Establishment of Diplomatic Relations between Malta and Malawi" (PDF). Permanent Mission of Malta to the United Nations. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 December 2023. Retrieved 22 December 2023.
  74. ↑ Mojca Pristavec Đogić (2016). "Priznanja samostojne Slovenije" (PDF) (in Slovenian). p. 8. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 April 2023. Retrieved 22 December 2023.
  75. ↑ "Malawi". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Lithuania. 19 February 2014. Archived from the original on 28 February 2017. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
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  77. ↑ "Diplomatic Relations". Embassy of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar in Brazil. Archived from the original on 14 August 2023. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
  78. ↑ "Malawi and Bangladesh Establish Diplomatic Relations" (PDF). malawi-india.org. June 2012. p. 14. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 August 2023. Retrieved 22 August 2023.
  79. ↑ "Rapport Politique Extérieure 2012 DRE" (PDF). Government of Monaco (in French). p. 8. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 September 2023. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
  80. 1 2 "نائبالأميريتسلمأوراقاعتماد٨سفراءجدد" (PDF) (in Arabic). 27 September 2012. p. 12. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 August 2023. Retrieved 22 August 2023.
  81. ↑ "New envoys present their credentials". gg.govt.nz. 20 March 2013. Archived from the original on 12 July 2023. Retrieved 13 July 2023.
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  83. 1 2 "Sierra Leone and Niger to support Malawi's agriculture by value addition". Malawi Government. 8 March 2016. Archived from the original on 22 December 2023. Retrieved 13 July 2023.
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  96. ↑ "Présentation des Lettres de créance de SEM Serge Constant BOUNDA, Ambassadeur de la République du Congo au Mozambique, auprès de Son Excellence Dr. Lazarus Mccarthy CHAKWERA, Président de la République du Malawi. Lilongwe, le 18 octobre 2022". Diplo-Congo (in French). 28 October 2022. Archived from the original on 1 August 2023. Retrieved 1 August 2023.
  97. ↑ "L'ambassadeur de Mauritanie auprès de la République du Malawi présente ses lettres de créance". Agence Mauritanienne d'information (in French). 18 October 2022. Archived from the original on 31 May 2024. Retrieved 31 May 2024.
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  100. ↑ "President Rashid Receives Credentials of New Ambassadors". Iraqi Presidency. 27 June 2024. Retrieved 12 January 2024.[dead link]
  101. ↑ "The Bahamas and Malawi Establish Diplomatic Relations at CHOGM 2024". 22 October 2024. Retrieved 23 October 2024.
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  104. ↑ Hoyle, Gustavo Lembcke (2024). "Política exterior peruana y el continente africano: diseñando una estrategia para un mayor acercamiento". Revista Peruana de Derecho Internacional (in Spanish). doi:10.38180/rpdi.v74i177.633.
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  108. 1 2 "Greece's Bilateral Relations". mfa.gr. Archived from the original on 13 June 2018. Retrieved 30 December 2018.
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  110. ↑ "Embassy of Mexico in South Africa". Embamex.sre.gob.mx. Archived from the original on 4 May 2021. Retrieved 30 December 2018.
  111. ↑ "PH Seeks to Establish Closer Ties with Malawi". Archived from the original on 27 June 2021.
  112. 1 2 Aliens and AIDS in Southern Africa: The Malawi–South Africa debate by Wiseman Chijere Chirwa, in African Affairs, 97:53-79 (1998)
  113. ↑ Country, Malawi to Enhance Defence Co-Operation Archived 29 June 2018 at the Wayback Machine by Bathandwa Mbola, BuaNews, 25 February 2008
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  115. 1 2 3 "Relations between Turkey and Malawi". Archived from the original on 27 February 2017. Retrieved 27 February 2017.
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  117. ↑ "British High Commission Lilongwe". GOV.UK. Archived from the original on 29 April 2024. Retrieved 29 April 2024.
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  119. ↑ "United Kingdom - Malawi Tax Treaty (as amended through 1978 Arrangement)". Orbitax. Archived from the original on 23 January 2025. Retrieved 23 January 2025.
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  121. ↑ "US suspends aid to Malawi after killings". BBC. 26 July 2011. Archived from the original on 28 March 2019. Retrieved 20 June 2018.
  122. ↑ Staff List - Part 2. Malawi. Government Printer. 1983. p. 190.
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