List of cities by GDP

This is a list of cities in the world by nominal gross domestic product (GDP). The United Nations uses three definitions for what constitutes a city, as not all cities may be classified using the same criteria. Cities may be defined as the cities proper, by the extent of their urban area, or their metropolitan regions.^[1] The methodology of calculating GDP may differ between the studies and are widely based on projections and sometimes approximate estimations, notably for cities that are not within the OECD. Refer to sources for more information. GDP for cities that have different sources might not be comparable as the definition of a city differs between them.

List

Cities by GDP
City proper/metropolitan area	Country/region	GDP (billion US$)	Population	GDP (US$) per capita
A Coruña metropolitan area	Spain	32.344 (2021)^[2]	1,121,758 (2021)^[3]	28,833
Aalborg	Denmark	30.46 (2022)^[2]	591,740 (2022)^[3]	51,475
Aarhus	Denmark	53.383 (2022)^[2]	913,861 (2022)^[3]	58,415
Abbotsford, British Columbia	Canada	7.848 (2022)^[4]	208,961 (2022)^[5]	37,557
Aberdeen, Scotland	United Kingdom	25.108 (2023)^[6]	492,070 (2023)^[6]	51,025
Abidjan	Ivory Coast	27 (2017)^[7]	5,600,000 (2020)^[8]	4,821
Abilene, TX MSA	United States	10.306623 (2023)^[9]	181,591 (2023)^[10]	56,757
Abu Dhabi metropolitan area	United Arab Emirates	105.6 (2024)^[11]	1,590,000 (2024)^[11]	66,415
Addis Ababa	Ethiopia	61.2 (2023)^[12]	5,400,000 (2023)^[12]	11,333
Adelaide	Australia	64.461 (2018–19)^[13]	1,344,368 (2018–19)^[14]	47,949
Ahmedabad	India	136.1 (2023)^[15]	7,500,000 (2023)^[15]	18,147
Aix-Marseille-Provence Metropolis	France	148.289 (2021)^[2]	3,146,578 (2021)^[3]	47,127
Akron, OH MSA	United States	47.285487 (2023)^[9]	698,398 (2023)^[10]
Al Ain	United Arab Emirates	34.2 (2024)^[11]	660,000 (2024)^[11]	51,818
Albany, GA MSA	United States	7.782093 (2023)^[9]	145,508 (2023)^[10]
Albany-Lebanon, OR MSA	United States	6.441520 (2023)^[9]	130,467 (2022)^[10]
Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY MSA	United States	84.910398 (2023)^[9]	1,238,717 (2023)^[10]
Albuquerque, NM MSA	United States	59.382941 (2023)^[9]	922,296 (2023)^[10]
Alexandria	Egypt	26.7 (2024)^[16]	5,700,000 (2024)^[16]
Alexandria, LA MSA	United States	7.753574 (2023)^[9]	148,171 (2023)^[10]
Alicante metropolitan area	Spain	50.250 (2023)^[2]	2,075,553 (2026)^[3]
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ MSA	United States	59.890990 (2023)^[9]	873,555 (2023)^[10]
Almaty	Kazakhstan	61.406 (2024)^[17]	2,625,000 (2024)^[18]
Altoona, PA MSA	United States	7.681160 (2023)^[9]	120,273 (2023)^[10]
Alxa^[19]	China	5.808 (2024)	268,850 (2024)
Amarillo, TX MSA	United States	18.913682 (2023)^[9]	272,395 (2023)^[10]
Ames, IA MSA	United States	8.615031 (2023)^[9]	125,156 (2023)^[10]
Amiens	France	19.467 (2021)^[2]	567,745 (2021)^[3]
Amsterdam metropolitan area	Netherlands	217.641 (2024)^[2]	2,525,000 (2024)^[18]
Anápolis	Brazil	3.7 (2023)^[20]	400,000 (2023)^[20]	9,250
Anchorage, AK MSA	United States	34.065381 (2023)^[9]	401,314 (2023)^[10]
Angers Loire Métropole	France	29.514 (2021)^[2]	822,488 (2021)^[3]
Ankara	Turkey	142.3 (2024)^[21]	5,150,000 (2024)^[18]
Ann Arbor, MI MSA	United States	33.013856 (2023)^[9]	365,536 (2023)^[10]
Annecy	France	30.128 (2021)^[2]	841,639 (2021)^[3]
Anniston-Oxford, AL MSA	United States	5.891059 (2023)^[9]	116,429 (2023)^[10]
Anshan	China	80.968 (2020)^[22]	2,625,000 (2020)^[8]
Aracaju	Brazil	6 (2023)^[20]	1,100,000 (2023)^[20]	5,455
Antwerp metropolitan area	Belgium	65.467 (2022)^[2]	1,067,117 (2022)^[3]
Appleton, Wisconsin metropolitan area	United States	18.532326 (2023)^[9]	246,433 (2023)^[10]
Arequipa	Peru	7.0 (2023)^[23]	1,157,500 (2023)^[24]
Arnhem–Nijmegen metropolitan area	Netherlands	37.694 (2021)^[2]	744,715 (2021)^[3]
Asheville, NC MSA	United States	29.014297 (2023)^[9]	417,202 (2023)^[10]
Astana	Kazakhstan	32.517 (2024)^[17]	1,530,000 (2024)^[18]
Asturias metropolitan area	Spain	32.485 (2024)^[2]	1,021,733 (2026)^[3]
Aswan	Egypt	2.0 (2024)^[16]	370,000 (2024)^[16]
Asyut	Egypt	2.6 (2024)^[16]	490,000 (2024)^[16]
Athens Metropolitan Area	Greece	97.709 (2021)^[2]	3,547,391 (2021)^[3]
Athens-Clarke County, GA MSA	United States	13.768348 (2023)^[9]	222,060 (2023)^[10]
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	604.282 (2024)^[25]	6,420,229 (2024)^[26]	94,122
Atlantic City-Hammonton, NJ MSA	United States	18.726628 (2023)^[9]	369,823 (2023)^[10]
Auburn-Opelika, AL MSA	United States	8.799349 (2023)^[9]	201,585 (2023)^[10]
Auckland	New Zealand	103.00 (2026)^[27]	1,540,000 (2026)^[28]
Augusta-Richmond County, GA-SC MSA	United States	37.292712 (2023)^[9]	629,429 (2023)^[10]
Austin-Round Rock, TX (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	268.445 (2024)^[29]	2,567,149 (2024)^[26]	104,569
Baghdad	Iraq	106.184 (2025)^[30]	7,800,000 (2025)^[31]
Bahía Blanca	Argentina	3.8 (2023)^[32]	320,000 (2023)^[32]	11,875
Bakersfield, CA MSA	United States	59.846810 (2023)^[9]	916,108 (2022)^[10]
Balikpapan-Samarinda Metropolitan	Indonesia	29.901 (2021)^[33]	2,621,877 (2021)^[33]
Ballarat	Australia	4.460 (2018–19)^[13]	108,491 (2018–19)^[34]
Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	275.427 (2024)^[35]	2,853,522 (2024)^[26]	96,522
Bandung Metropolitan	Indonesia	42.626 (2025)^[36]	7,000,000 (2025)^[31]
Bangkok Metropolitan Region	Thailand	252.128 (2022)^[37]	19,900,000 (2022)^[38]
Bangor, ME MSA	United States	9.020616 (2023)^[9]	155,312 (2023)^[10]
Banjarmasin Metropolitan	Indonesia	6.017 (2021)^[39]	2,164,485 (2021)^[39]
Baotou^[40]^[41]	China	64.242 (2024)	2,766,900 (2024)
Barcelona metropolitan area	Spain	226.600 (2023)^[2]	6,016,426 (2026)^[3]
Barnstable Town, MA MSA	United States	18.186673 (2023)^[9]	231,735 (2023)^[10]
Barrie	Canada	7.98 (2022)^[4]	228,979 (2022)^[5]
Batam Metropolitan	Indonesia	16.006 (2021)^[42]	1,450,000 (2021)^[43]
Baton Rouge, LA MSA	United States	68.827180 (2023)^[9]	873,661 (2023)^[10]
Battle Creek, MI MSA	United States	8.543282 (2023)^[9]	133,366 (2023)^[10]
Bauru	Brazil	4 (2023)^[20]	400,000 (2023)^[20]	10,000
Bay City, MI MSA	United States	4.507259 (2023)^[9]	102,500 (2023)^[10]
Beaumont-Port Arthur, TX MSA	United States	31.114626 (2023)^[9]	395,479 (2023)^[10]
Beckley, WV MSA	United States	5.541536 (2023)^[9]	111,428 (2023)^[10]
Beijing	China	730.445 (2025)^[44]^[45]	21,500,000 (2025)^[31]	33,974
Belém	Brazil	11.1 (2023)^[20]	2,300,000 (2023)^[20]	4,826
Belfast	United Kingdom	24.446 (2023)^[6]^[46]	348,005 (2022)^[6]
Belgrade	Serbia	25.31 (2021)^[47]	1,430,000 (2021)^[43]
Belleville, Ontario	Canada	4.375 (2022)^[4]	116,013 (2022)^[5]
Bellingham, WA MSA	United States	21.489731 (2023)^[9]	231,919 (2023)^[10]
Belo Horizonte	Brazil	51 (2023)^[20]	5,340,000 (2023)^[20]	9,951
Bend, OR MSA	United States	15.445974 (2023)^[9]	260,919 (2023)^[10]
Bendigo	Australia	3.961 (2018–19)^[13]	99,416 (2018–19)^[48]
Bengaluru	India	359.9 (2023)^[49]	12,400,000 (2023)^[49]	29,024
Bergamo metropolitan area	Italy	46.79 (2021)^[2]	1,103,556 (2021)^[3]
Bergen Region	Norway	43.188 (2021)^[2]	638,821 (2021)^[3]
Berlin/Brandenburg Metropolitan Region	Germany	329.654 (2024)^[50]	6,216,845 (2023)^[50]	53,026
Bern metropolitan area	Switzerland	92.957 (2021)^[2]	1,043,132 (2021)^[3]
Bhopal	India	5.35 (2023)^[51]	2,600,000 (2023)^[52]
Białystok metropolitan area	Poland	7.631 (2021)^[2]	488,942 (2021)^[3]
Biên Hòa	Vietnam	7.9 (2023)^[53]	1,110,000 (2023)^[53]	7,117
Bilbao metropolitan area	Spain	47.825 (2023)^[2]	1,172,830 (2026)^[3]
Billings, MT MSA	United States	14.407832 (2023)^[9]	191,435 (2023)^[10]
Binghamton, NY MSA	United States	12.927169 (2023)^[9]	243,792 (2023)^[10]
Birmingham (West Midlands)	United Kingdom	242.839 (2023)^[6]^[46]	6,085,687 (2023)^[6]
Birmingham-Hoover, AL MSA	United States	84.566170 (2023)^[9]	1,116,857 (2022)^[10]
Bismarck, ND MSA	United States	9.430711 (2023)^[9]	135,786 (2023)^[10]
Blacksburg-Christiansburg, VA MSA	United States	10.166304 (2023)^[9]	165,812 (2022)^[10]
Bloomington, IL MSA	United States	15.005648 (2023)^[9]	170,441 (2023)^[10]
Bloomington, IN MSA	United States	9.641723 (2023)^[9]	160,874 (2023)^[10]
Bloomsburg-Berwick, PA MSA	United States	5.613010 (2023)^[9]	83,017 (2022)^[10]
Blumenau	Brazil	6.2 (2023)^[20]	530,000 (2023)^[20]	11,698
Boa Vista, Roraima	Brazil	2.9 (2023)^[20]	470,000 (2023)^[20]	6,170
Boise, ID MSA	United States	55.331136 (2023)^[9]	824,657 (2023)^[10]
Bologna metropolitan area	Italy	51.008 (2021)^[2]	1,015,608 (2021)^[3]
Bordeaux	France	72.475 (2021)^[2]	1,661,929 (2021)^[3]
Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	610.486 (2024)^[9]	5,025,517 (2024)^[10]	121,477
Boulder, CO MSA	United States	37.662897 (2023)^[9]	326,831 (2023)^[10]
Bournemouth, Christchurch, Dorset and Poole	United Kingdom	18.621 (2023)^[6]^[46]	404,050 (2023)^[6]
Bowling Green, KY MSA	United States	11.830435 (2023)^[9]	188,840 (2023)^[10]
Brantford	Canada	5.589 (2022)^[4]	158,391 (2022)^[5]
Brasília	Brazil	74.1 (2023)^[20]	4,120,000 (2023)^[20]	17,985
Brașov	Romania	9.347 (2021)^[2]	553,256 (2021)^[3]
Bratislava metropolitan area	Slovakia	32.338 (2022)^[2]	723,714 (2022)^[3]
Breda	Netherlands	38.136 (2021)^[2]	637,031 (2021)^[3]
Bremerton-Silverdale-Port Orchard, WA MSA	United States	17.319445 (2023)^[9]	277,658 (2023)^[10]
Brescia metropolitan area	Italy	53.728 (2021)^[2]	1,255,709 (2021)^[3]
Brest Métropole	France	32.208 (2021)^[2]	919,983 (2021)^[3]
Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk, CT (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	116.030979 (2023)^[9]	962,946 (2022)^[10]
Brighton & Hove	United Kingdom	16.510 (2023)^[6]^[46]	279,637 (2023)^[6]
Brisbane	Australia	177 (2018–19)^[13]	2,388,038 (2018–19)^[54]
Bristol	United Kingdom	28.328 (2023)^[6]^[46]	482,998 (2023)^[6]
Brno	Czech Republic	31.944 (2022)^[2]	1,184,568 (2022)^[3]
Brownsville-Harlingen, TX MSA	United States	15.602248 (2023)^[9]	426,710 (2023)^[10]
Brunswick, GA MSA	United States	6.444126 (2023)^[9]	114,442 (2022)^[10]
Brussels metropolitan area	Belgium	211.091 (2022)^[2]	3,348,154 (2022)^[3]
Bucharest Metropolitan Area	Romania	79.977 (2021)^[2]	2,327,057 (2021)^[3]
Budapest metropolitan area	Hungary	86.176 (2022)^[2]	3,031,887 (2022)^[3]
Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	90.716457 (2023)^[9]	1,155,604 (2023)^[10]
Burlington, NC MSA	United States	8.624438 (2023)^[9]	179,165 (2023)^[10]
Burlington-South Burlington, VT MSA	United States	18.671208 (2023)^[9]	227,942 (2023)^[10]
Bursa	Turkey	37 (2022)^[55]	2,175,000 (2022)^[38]
Busan-Gyeongnam Area	South Korea	252.145 (2022)^[37]	5,115,000 (2022)^[38]
Bydgoszcz–Toruń metropolitan area	Poland	14.079 (2021)^[2]	751,413 (2021)^[3]
Cần Thơ	Vietnam	6 (2023)^[53]	1,870,000 (2023)^[53]	3,209
Cádiz-Jerez metropolitan area	Spain	28.961 (2023)^[2]	1,266,061 (2026)^[3]
Caen	France	25.18 (2021)^[2]	695,207 (2021)^[3]
Cairns	Australia	10.709 (2018–19)^[13]	153,951 (2019)^[56]
Cairo	Egypt	103.6 (2024)^[16]	22,620,000 (2024)^[16]
Calgary Metropolitan Region	Canada	99.848 (2022)^[4]	1,608,342 (2022)^[5]
California-Lexington Park, MD MSA	United States	9.882630 (2023)^[9]	114,877 (2022)^[10]
Campina Grande	Brazil	2.7 (2023)^[20]	520,000 (2023)^[20]	5,192
Campinas	Brazil	39.7 (2023)^[20]	2,260,000 (2023)^[20]	17,566
Campo Grande	Brazil	7.8 (2023)^[20]	930,000 (2023)^[20]	8,387
Campos dos Goytacazes	Brazil	9.8 (2023)^[20]	540,000 (2023)^[20]	18,148
Canberra	Australia	30.909 (2018–19)^[13]	465,118 (2018–19)^[57]
Canton-Massillon, OH MSA	United States	24.599897 (2023)^[9]	399,474 (2023)^[10]
Cape Coral-Fort Myers, FL MSA	United States	50.645899 (2023)^[9]	834,573 (2023)^[10]
Cape Girardeau, MO-IL MSA	United States	5.797295 (2023)^[9]	98,223 (2023)^[10]
Cape Town	South Africa	56.300 (2022)^[58]	4,375,000 (2022)^[38]
Caracas	Venezuela	70 (2012)^[59]	1,942,652 (2011)^[60]
Carbondale-Marion, IL MSA	United States	7.263128 (2023)^[9]	132,693 (2022)^[10]
Cardiff and Vale of Glamorgan	United Kingdom	24.345 (2023)^[6]^[46]	518,269 (2023)^[6]
Carson City, NV MSA	United States	4.777092 (2023)^[9]	58,036 (2023)^[10]
Caruaru	Brazil	2 (2023)^[20]	370,000 (2023)^[20]	5,405
Casablanca	Morocco	47.000 (2022)^[61]	4,625,000 (2022)^[38]
Cascavel	Brazil	3.3 (2023)^[20]	350,000 (2023)^[20]	9,429
Casper, WY MSA	United States	6.983637 (2023)^[9]	79,941 (2023)^[10]
Caxias do Sul	Brazil	8.5 (2023)^[20]	620,000 (2023)^[20]	13,710
Cebu City	Philippines	5.6 (2023)^[62]	2,700,000 (2023)^[52]
Cedar Rapids, IA MSA	United States	22.962630 (2023)^[9]	275,668 (2023)^[10]
Central German Metropolitan Region	Germany	335.193 (2023)^[63]	8,300,000 (2024)^[63]	40,385
Chambersburg-Waynesboro, PA MSA	United States	8.148840 (2023)^[9]	156,902 (2022)^[10]
Champaign-Urbana, IL MSA	United States	15.512304 (2023)^[9]	235,608 (2023)^[10]
Chandigarh	India	6 (2023)^[52]	2,575,000 (2023)^[52]
Changchun	China	96.240 (2020)^[64]^[65]	3,700,000 (2020)^[8]
Changde	China	54.355 (2020)^[64]	1,160,000 (2020)^[8]
Changji^[66]	China	35.234 (2024)	1,623,350 (2024)
Changsha	China	214.4 (2024)^[67]^[68]	10,564,800 (2024)^[69]
Changzhou^[70]	China	151.840 (2024)	5,380,500 (2024)
Charleroi	Belgium	16.619 (2022)^[2]	558,107 (2022)^[3]
Charleston-North Charleston, SC MSA	United States	63.973949 (2023)^[9]	849,417 (2023)^[10]
Charleston, WV MSA	United States	16.291494 (2023)^[9]	203,164 (2023)^[10]
Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	277.107 (2024)^[71]	2,884,708 (2024)^[26]	96,061
Charlottesville, VA MSA	United States	18.817343 (2023)^[9]	225,127 (2023)^[10]
Chattanooga, TN-GA MSA	United States	42.381201 (2023)^[9]	580,971 (2023)^[10]
Chengdu	China	327.045 (2024)^[72]^[45]	21,474,000 (2024)^[72]	15,230
Chennai	India	219 (2020)^[73]	11,300,000 (2020)^[8]
Cheyenne, WY MSA	United States	8.285241 (2023)^[9]	100,984 (2023)^[10]
Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL-IN-WI (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	923.12 (2024)^[74]	9,411,198 (2024)^[26]	98,087
Chiclayo	Peru	4.0 (2023)^[23]	612,800 (2023)^[24]
Chico, CA MSA	United States	11.727399 (2023)^[9]	207,172 (2023)^[10]
Chilliwack	Canada	4.119 (2022)^[4]	121,802 (2022)^[5]
Chimbote	Peru	5.0 (2023)^[23]	406,600 (2023)^[24]
Chittagong	Bangladesh	25.5 (2019)^[75]	4,925,000 (2020)^[8]
Chongqing	China	473.53 (2025)^[76]^[45]	31,900,000 (2024)^[77]	14,844
Chuzhou^{[citation needed]}	China	56.649 (2024)	1,030,000 (2024)^[18]
Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	198.888723 (2023)^[9]	2,271,479 (2023)^[10]
Clarksville, TN-KY MSA	United States	17.765745 (2023)^[9]	340,495 (2023)^[10]
Clermont-Ferrand	France	27.074 (2021)^[2]	669,014 (2021)^[3]
Cleveland-Elyria, OH (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	173.135607 (2023)^[9]	2,063,132 (2022)^[10]
Cleveland, TN MSA	United States	6.807509 (2023)^[9]	129,612 (2023)^[10]
Cluj-Napoca	Romania	14.75 (2021)^[2]	710,284 (2021)^[3]
Cocos (Keeling) Islands	Cocos (Keeling) Islands	0.011 (2010)^[78]	561 (2011)^[79]
Coeur d'Alene, ID MSA	United States	10.583848 (2023)^[9]	185,010 (2023)^[10]
Coimbatore	India	45 (2021)^[80]	2,775,000 (2021)^[43]
Coimbra	Portugal	9.799 (2022)^[2]	438,212 (2022)^[3]
College Station-Bryan, TX MSA	United States	19.585335 (2023)^[9]	281,445 (2023)^[10]
Colombo	Sri Lanka	33 (2023)^[81]	4,900,000 (2023)^[82]
Colorado Springs, CO MSA	United States	53.092641 (2023)^[9]	768,832 (2023)^[10]
Columbia, MO MSA	United States	13.572357 (2023)^[9]	216,511 (2023)^[10]
Columbia, SC MSA	United States	58.497422 (2023)^[9]	858,302 (2023)^[10]
Columbus, GA-AL MSA	United States	18.710583 (2023)^[9]	323,768 (2023)^[10]
Columbus, IN MSA	United States	8.668346 (2023)^[9]	84,003 (2023)^[10]
Columbus, OH (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	182.087631 (2023)^[9]	2,180,271 (2023)^[10]
Communauté d'agglomération Nîmes Métropole	France	23.545 (2021)^[2]	751,840 (2021)^[3]
Communauté d'agglomération Pau Béarn Pyrénées	France	26.395 (2021)^[2]	688,474 (2021)^[3]
Constanța	Romania	10.936 (2021)^[2]	668,065(2021) (2021)^[3]
Copenhagen metropolitan area	Denmark	188.321 (2022)^[2]	2,082,710 (2022)^[3]
Córdoba	Argentina	24.9 (2023)^[32]	1,610,000 (2023)^[32]	15,466
Córdoba metropolitan area	Spain	18.616 (2023)^[2]	770,508 (2026)^[3]
Corpus Christi, TX MSA	United States	30.930920 (2023)^[9]	448,323 (2023)^[10]
Corrientes	Argentina	6 (2023)^[32]	420,000 (2023)^[32]	14,286
Corvallis, OR MSA	United States	6.035305 (2023)^[9]	97,713 (2023)^[10]
Coventry	United Kingdom	16.028 (2023)^[6]^[46]	360,702 (2023)^[6]
Craiova metropolitan area	Romania	7.065 (2021)^[2]	615,962 (2021)^[3]
Crestview-Fort Walton Beach-Destin, FL MSA	United States	23.794720 (2023)^[9]	304,818 (2023)^[10]
Cuiabá	Brazil	8.3 (2023)^[20]	940,000 (2023)^[20]	8,830
Cumberland, MD-WV MSA	United States	4.359585 (2023)^[9]	94,122 (2022)^[10]
Curitiba	Brazil	46.8 (2023)^[20]	3,600,000 (2023)^[20]	13,000
Częstochowa metropolitan area	Poland	7.931 (2021)^[2]	487,392 (2021)^[3]
Da Nang	Vietnam	5 (2023)^[53]	1,220,000 (2023)^[53]	4,098
Daegu	South Korea	50.400 (2022)^[83]	2,750,000 (2022)^[38]
Daejeon	South Korea	40.000 (2022)^[83]	1,540,000 (2022)^[38]
Dalian^[84]	China	133.632 (2024)	7,542,000 (2024)
Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	744.654 (2024)^[9]	8,344,032 (2024)^[10]	89,244
Dalton, GA MSA	United States	9.271266 (2023)^[9]	144,722 (2023)^[10]
Danville, IL MSA	United States	4.136523 (2023)^[9]	72,337 (2022)^[10]
Daphne-Fairhope-Foley, AL MSA	United States	12.071468 (2023)^[9]	253,507 (2023)^[10]
Daqing^[85]	China	39.538 (2024)	2,681,500 (2024)
Dar es Salaam	Tanzania	10.4 (2019)^[86]	6,450,000 (2020)^[8]
Davao City	Philippines	9.6 (2023)^[87]	1,650,000 (2023)^[52]
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island, IA-IL MSA	United States	27.875132 (2023)^[9]	379,441 (2023)^[10]
Dayton, OH MSA	United States	41.111 (2017)^[9]	803,899 (2017)^[10]
Debrecen	Hungary	7.085 (2022)^[2]	524,272 (2022)^[3]
Decatur, AL MSA	United States	8.841158 (2023)^[9]	158,635 (2023)^[10]
Decatur, IL MSA	United States	8.822934 (2023)^[9]	100,591 (2023)^[10]
Deltona-Daytona Beach-Ormond Beach, FL MSA	United States	32.539529 (2023)^[9]	721,796 (2023)^[10]
Denpasar Metropolitan	Indonesia	9.941 (2021)^[88]	1,580,000 (2021)^[43]
Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, CO (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	330.181 (2024)^[89]	3,081,092 (2024)^[26]	107,164
Derby	United Kingdom	12.633 (2023)^[6]^[46]	266,460 (2023)^[6]
Des Moines-West Des Moines, IA MSA	United States	74.062506 (2023)^[9]	737,164 (2023)^[10]
Detroit-Warren-Dearborn, MI (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	348.039 (2024)^[90]	4,377,045 (2024)^[26]	79,515
Deyang	China	34.855 (2020)^[64]^[91]	3,456,161 (2020)^[92]
Dhaka	Bangladesh	85.5 (2023)^[93]	23,200,000 (2023)^[93]	3,685
Dijon Métropole	France	23.238 (2021)^[2]	534,164 (2021)^[3]
Dongguan^[94]	China	172.461 (2024)	10,528,050 (2024)
Dongying^[95]	China	60.487 (2024)	2,207,150 (2024)
Dothan, AL MSA	United States	9.099360 (2023)^[9]	153,349 (2023)^[10]
Dover, DE MSA	United States	10.509748 (2023)^[9]	189,789 (2023)^[10]
Drummondville	Canada	4.14 (2022)^[4]	104,076 (2022)^[5]
Dubai-Sharjah-Ajman metropolitan area	United Arab Emirates	190.1 (2024)^[11]	5,340,000 (2024)^[11]	35,599
Dubuque, IA MSA	United States	9.017369 (2023)^[9]	98,887 (2023)^[10]
Duluth, MN-WI MSA	United States	18.838611 (2023)^[9]	281,603 (2023)^[10]
Durban	South Africa	64.700 (2022)^[58]	3,525,000 (2022)^[38]
Durham-Chapel Hill, NC MSA	United States	70.305292 (2023)^[9]	608,879 (2023)^[10]
East Stroudsburg, PA MSA	United States	9.215416 (2023)^[9]	167,198 (2022)^[10]
Eau Claire, WI MSA	United States	11.674198 (2023)^[9]	174,873 (2023)^[10]
Edinburgh	United Kingdom	45.441 (2023)^[6]^[46]	523,250 (2023)^[6]
Edmonton Metropolitan Region	Canada	79.431 (2022)^[4]	1,516,719 (2022)^[5]
Eindhoven	Netherlands	54.931 (2021)^[2]	784,390 (2021)^[3]
El Centro, CA MSA	United States	13.483299 (2023)^[9]	179,057 (2023)^[10]
El Mahalla El Kubra	Egypt	3.3 (2024)^[16]	550,000 (2024)^[16]
El Paso, TX MSA	United States	48.609163 (2023)^[9]	873,331 (2023)^[10]
Elizabethtown-Fort Knox, KY MSA	United States	8.182312 (2023)^[9]	157,026 (2022)^[10]
Elkhart-Goshen, IN MSA	United States	20.857760 (2023)^[9]	206,409 (2023)^[10]
Elmira, NY MSA	United States	4.544209 (2023)^[9]	81,325 (2023)^[10]
Enid, OK MSA	United States	3.804621 (2023)^[9]	62,023 (2023)^[10]
Enschede	Netherlands	30.955 (2021)^[2]	784,390 (2021)^[3]
Erie, PA MSA	United States	14.204975 (2023)^[9]	267,571 (2023)^[10]
Eugene-Springfield, OR MSA	United States	22.550913 (2023)^[9]	381,181 (2023)^[10]
European Metropolis of Lille	France	101.652 (2021)^[2]	2,607,879 (2021)^[3]
Evansville, IN-KY MSA	United States	27.437679 (2023)^[9]	314,038 (2022)^[10]
Ezhou^[96]	China	18.834 (2024)	1,072,500 (2024)
Fairbanks, AK MSA	United States	7.198784 (2023)^[9]	95,356 (2022)^[10]
Faisalabad	Pakistan	43 (2013)^[97]	3,204,704 (2017)^[98]
Faiyum	Egypt	2.5 (2024)^[16]	440,000 (2024)^[16]
Fangchenggang^[99]^[100]	China	16.394 (2024)	1,050,000 (2024)
Fargo, ND-MN MSA	United States	20.535575 (2023)^[9]	262,620 (2023)^[10]
Farmington, NM MSA	United States	6.822347 (2023)^[9]	120,675 (2023)^[10]
Fayetteville, NC MSA	United States	28.205160 (2023)^[9]	392,336 (2023)^[10]
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, AR MSA	United States	40.776485 (2023)^[9]	590,337 (2023)^[10]
Feira de Santana	Brazil	3.7 (2023)^[20]	620,000 (2023)^[20]	5,968
Flagstaff, AZ MSA	United States	9.967529 (2023)^[9]	144,472 (2023)^[10]
Flint, MI MSA	United States	19.151079 (2023)^[9]	401,522 (2023)^[10]
Florence, SC MSA	United States	12.505628 (2023)^[9]	199,630 (2023)^[10]
Florence-Muscle Shoals, AL MSA	United States	7.212666 (2023)^[9]	155,175 (2023)^[10]
Florianópolis	Brazil	11.6 (2023)^[20]	1,100,000 (2023)^[20]	10,545
Fond du Lac, WI MSA	United States	6.451530 (2023)^[9]	103,948 (2023)^[10]
Fort Collins, CO MSA	United States	26.974178 (2023)^[9]	366,778 (2022)^[10]
Fort Smith, AR-OK MSA	United States	12.729594 (2023)^[9]	231,280 (2023)^[10]
Fort Wayne, IN MSA	United States	30.231008 (2023)^[9]	457,842 (2023)^[10]
Fort-de-France	France	10.166 (2022)^[2]	352,205 (2022)^[3]
Fortaleza	Brazil	23.8 (2023)^[20]	3,750,000 (2023)^[20]	6,347
Foshan^[101]	China	187.622 (2024)	9,657,150 (2024)
Franca	Brazil	2.9 (2023)^[20]	410,000 (2023)^[20]	7,073
Frankfurt Rhine-Main	Germany	307.49 (2022)^[102]	5,800,000 (2023)^[102]	53,016
Fredericton	Canada	5.159 (2022)^[4]	116,159 (2022)^[5]
Fresno, CA MSA	United States	60.151259 (2023)^[9]	1,180,020 (2023)^[10]
Fukuoka–Kitakyushu	Japan	182.952 (2019)^[103]	4,750,000 (2020)^[8]
Fuzhou^[104]	China	199.907 (2024)	8,485,000 (2024)
Gadsden, AL MSA	United States	3.776967 (2023)^[9]	103,241 (2023)^[10]
Gainesville, FL MSA	United States	21.823778 (2023)^[9]	352,126 (2023)^[10]
Gainesville, GA MSA	United States	16.640845 (2023)^[9]	217,267 (2023)^[10]
Galati	Romania	5.204 (2021)^[2]	495,149 (2021)^[3]
Gdansk metropolitan area	Poland	28.126 (2021)^[2]	1,360,005 (2021)^[3]
Geelong	Australia	8.725 (2018–19)^[13]	271,848 (2018–19)^[105]
George Town conurbation	Malaysia	30.2 (2020)^[106]^[107]^[108]	2,843,344 (2020)^[109]
Gettysburg, PA MSA	United States	4.739846 (2023)^[9]	106,748 (2023)^[10]
Ghent metropolitan area	Belgium	38.834 (2022)^[2]	656,665 (2022)^[3]
Gibraltar	Gibraltar	3.265 (2022)^[110]^[111]	32,688 (2022)^[112]
Gipuzkoa	Spain	30.738 (2023)^[2]	735,235 (2026)^[3]
Gladstone	Australia	4.464 (2018–19)^[13]	45,130 (2018)^[113]
Glasgow	United Kingdom	39.506 (2023)^[6]^[46]	631,970 (2023)^[6]
Glens Falls, NY MSA	United States	8.717091 (2023)^[9]	125,427 (2023)^[10]
Goiânia	Brazil	19.8 (2023)^[20]	2,640,000 (2023)^[20]	7,500
Gold Coast	Australia	26.669 (2018–19)^[13]	679,127 (2018)^[114]
Goldsboro, NC MSA	United States	6.339867 (2023)^[9]	118,686 (2023)^[10]
Gothenburg	Sweden	104.765 (2021)^[2]	1,734,443 (2021)^[3]
Granada metropolitan area	Spain	22.530 (2023)^[2]	954,560 (2026)^[3]
Grand Besançon Métropole	France	18.888 (2021)^[2]	546,224 (2021)^[3]
Grand Forks, ND-MN MSA	United States	6.878157 (2023)^[9]	103,120 (2023)^[10]
Grand Genève	Switzerland	61.752 (2021)^[2]	506,343 (2021)^[3]
Grand Island, NE MSA	United States	5.979384 (2023)^[9]	76,479 (2023)^[10]
Grand Junction, CO MSA	United States	9.147468 (2023)^[9]	159,681 (2023)^[10]
Grand Poitiers communauté urbaine	France	15.197 (2021)^[2]	439,635 (2021)^[3]
Grand Rapids-Kentwood, MI MSA	United States	82.311400 (2023)^[9]	1,094,198 (2022)^[10]
Grand Reims	France	24.109 (2021)^[2]	563,998 (2021)^[3]
Grants Pass, OR MSA	United States	3.877152 (2023)^[9]	87,821 (2023)^[10]
Graz	Austria	35.891 (2021)^[2]	646,099 (2021)^[3]
Great Falls, MT MSA	United States	5.345805 (2023)^[9]	84,900 (2023)^[10]
Greater Buenos Aires	Argentina	235.6 (2023)^[32]	15,490,000 (2023)^[32]	15,210
Greater Vitória	Brazil	19.6 (2023)^[20]	1,910,000 (2023)^[20]	10,262
Greater Dublin Area	Ireland	272.454 (2021)^[2]	2,160,781 (2021)^[3]	126,091
Greater Helsinki	Finland	117.42 (2024)^[115]	1,500,000 (2022)^[38]
Greater Kuala Lumpur	Malaysia	159.603 (2023)^[116]^{[circular reference]}	9,100,000 (2023)^[52]
Greater Mendoza	Argentina	18.9 (2023)^[32]	1,230,000 (2023)^[32]	15,366
Greater Mexico City	Mexico	340.8 (2022)^[117]	24,700,000 (2022)^[38]	13,798
Greater Montreal	Canada	214.744 (2022)^[4]	4,378,796 (2022)^[5]
Greater Oslo Region	Norway	83.936 (2021)^[2]	697,010 (2021)^[3]
Greater Rosario	Argentina	25 (2023)^[32]	1,590,000 (2023)^[32]	15,723
Greater São Paulo	Brazil	319.3 (2023)^[20]	22,360,000 (2023)^[20]	14,280
Greater Stavanger	Norway	37.352 (2021)^[2]	482,645 (2021)^[3]
Greater Sudbury	Canada	9.355 (2022)^[4]	175,357 (2022)^[5]
Greater Tokyo Area	Japan	1,675 (2025)^[118]	41,200,000 (2025)^[31]	40,655
Greater Toronto Area	Canada	435.227 (2022)^[4]	7,507,460 (2022)^[5]	57,973
Greater Vancouver	Canada	155.552 (2022)^[4]	2,842,730 (2022)^[5]
Greeley, CO MSA	United States	28.181144 (2023)^[9]	359,442 (2023)^[10]
Green Bay, WI MSA	United States	26.276686 (2023)^[9]	331,882 (2023)^[10]
Greensboro-High Point, NC MSA	United States	52.925956 (2023)^[9]	789,842 (2023)^[10]
Greenville, NC MSA	United States	11.865912 (2023)^[9]	175,119 (2023)^[10]
Greenville-Anderson, SC MSA	United States	63.357431 (2023)^[9]	958,958 (2022)^[10]
Grenoble metropolitan area	France	53.016 (2021)^[2]	1,280,557 (2021)^[3]
Groningen	Netherlands	26.587 (2021)^[2]	451,098 (2021)^[3]
Guadalajara	Mexico	65.800 (2023)^[119]	5,750,000 (2023)^[52]
Guangzhou	China	449.424 (2025)^[120]^[45]	18,902,500 (2024)^[121]	23,776
Guelph	Canada	9.897 (2022)^[4]	172,400 (2022)^[5]
Guiyang	China	62.511 (2020)^[64]^[122]	3,300,000 (2020)^[8]
Gujranwala	Pakistan	15.681 (2016)^[123]	5,011,066 (2017)^[124]
Gulfport-Biloxi, MS MSA	United States	24.668587 (2023)^[9]	421,916 (2023)^[10]
Gwangju	South Korea	36.000 (2022)^[83]	1,630,000 (2022)^[38]
Hagerstown-Martinsburg, MD-WV MSA	United States	15.286099 (2023)^[9]	305,902 (2023)^[10]
Haifa	Israel	25.082 (2019)^[125]	1,050,000 (2019)^[126]
Haiphong	Vietnam	11.9 (2023)^[53]	1,420,000 (2023)^[53]	8,380
Haixi Prefecture^[127]	China	11.906 (2024)	472,050 (2024)
Halifax, Nova Scotia	Canada	23.284 (2022)^[4]	480,582 (2022)^[5]
Hamamatsu	Japan	54.3 (2010)^[128]^[129]	800,866 (2010)^[130]
Hamburg Metropolitan Region	Germany	294.972 (2021)^[131]	5,500,000 (2023)^[131]	53,631
Hami^[132]	China	15.227 (2024)	668,750 (2024)
Hammond, LA MSA	United States	6.219912 (2023)^[9]	138,064 (2023)^[10]
Hanford-Corcoran, CA MSA	United States	8.873931 (2023)^[9]	152,682 (2023)^[10]
Hangzhou^[133]	China	306.949 (2024)	12,573,000 (2024)	24,413
Hanoi	Vietnam	37.6 (2023)^[53]	5,250,000 (2023)^[53]	7,162
Hanover–Braunschweig–Göttingen–Wolfsburg Metropolitan Region	Germany	199.167 (2021)^[134]	3,900,000 (2021)^[134]	51,068
Harbin	China	94.1 (2017)^[135]	10,009,854 (2020)^[136]
Harrisburg-Carlisle, PA MSA	United States	50.902418 (2023)^[9]	606,055 (2023)^[10]
Harrisonburg, VA MSA	United States	10.348301 (2023)^[9]	137,650 (2023)^[10]
Hartford-East Hartford-Middletown, CT (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	122.805302 (2023)^[9]	1,221,725 (2022)^[10]
Hattiesburg, MS MSA	United States	8.700243 (2023)^[9]	155,740 (2023)^[10]
Hefei^{[citation needed]}	China	189.670 (2024)	7,800,000 (2024)^[18]
Hickory-Lenoir-Morganton, NC MSA	United States	19.612987 (2022)^[9]	367,802 (2022)^[10]
Hilton Head Island-Bluffton, SC MSA	United States	14.360798 (2023)^[9]	228,410 (2022)^[10]
Hinesville, GA MSA	United States	5.154740 (2023)^[9]	88,804 (2023)^[10]
Hiroshima	Japan	61.3 (2010)^[128]^[129]	2,860,750 (2010)^[137]
Ho Chi Minh City	Vietnam	60.3 (2023)^[53]	9,320,000 (2023)^[53]	6,470
Hobart	Australia	11.388 (2018–19)^[13]	218,874 (2018–19)^[138]
Hohhot^[139]	China	57.670 (2024)	3,621,750 (2024)
Homosassa Springs, FL MSA	United States	6.430594 (2023)^[9]	166,696 (2023)^[10]
Hong Kong	China	450.138 (2026)^[140]	7,548,000 (2026)^[140]	59,637
Hot Springs, AR MSA	United States	4.606197 (2023)^[9]	99,784 (2023)^[10]
Houma-Thibodaux, LA MSA	United States	12.215010 (2023)^[9]	200,656 (2022)^[10]
Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	757.751 (2024)^[141]	7,777,907 (2024)^[26]	97,424
Hsinchu	Taiwan	11.980 (2016)^[142]	448,207 (2020)^[143]
Huai'an^[144]	China	76.007 (2024)	4,538,300 (2024)
Huế	Vietnam	1.3 (2023)^[53]	430,000 (2023)^[53]	3,023
Huizhou^[145]	China	86.165 (2024)	6,095,100 (2024)
Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH MSA	United States	19.176990 (2023)^[9]	368,261 (2023)^[10]
Huntsville, AL MSA	United States	42.815938 (2023)^[9]	527,254 (2023)^[10]
Huzhou^[146]	China	59.163 (2024)	3,452,000 (2024)
Hyderabad	India	83.5 (2020)^[147]	10,200,000 (2020)^[8]	8,186
Iași	Romania	9.928 (2021)^[2]	794,752 (2021)^[3]
Idaho Falls, ID MSA	United States	11.962936 (2023)^[9]	168,322 (2023)^[10]
Indianapolis-Carmel-Anderson, IN (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	199.197977 (2023)^[9]	2,141,779 (2022)^[10]
Indore	India	8.1 (2020–21)^[148]	3,175,000 (2020)^[8]
Innsbruck	Austria	17.489 (2021)^[2]	312,757 (2021)^[3]
Iowa City, IA MSA	United States	13.602212 (2023)^[9]	180,088 (2023)^[10]
Ismailia	Egypt	2.3 (2024)^[16]	380,000 (2024)^[16]
Istanbul metropolitan area	Turkey	398.597 (2024)^[149]^[45]	15,900,000 (2024)^[18]	25,069
Ithaca, NY MSA	United States	7.388818 (2023)^[9]	103,558 (2023)^[10]
İzmir	Turkey	86 (2023)^[150]	3,025,000 (2023)^[52]
Jackson, MI MSA	United States	8.588193 (2023)^[9]	159,424 (2023)^[10]
Jackson, MS MSA	United States	37.054502 (2023)^[9]	610,257 (2023)^[10]
Jackson, TN MSA	United States	11.474534 (2023)^[9]	181,826 (2023)^[10]
Jacksonville, FL (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	129.094522 (2023)^[9]	1,713,240 (2023)^[10]
Jacksonville, NC MSA	United States	11.858614 (2023)^[9]	213,676 (2023)^[10]
Jaipur	India	15 (2021)^[151]	4,050,000 (2021)^[43]
Jakarta metropolitan area	Indonesia	434.389 (2024)^[152]	29,200,000 (2024)^[18]	14,876
Janesville-Beloit, WI MSA	United States	10.503232 (2023)^[9]	164,278 (2023)^[10]
Jeddah	Saudi Arabia	138.970 (2022)^[153]	3,752,000 (2022)^[38]
Jefferson City, MO MSA	United States	10.722699 (2023)^[9]	150,733 (2023)^[10]
Jerusalem	Israel	48.0 (2015)^[154]	1,008,400 (2013)^[155]
Jiaxing^[156]	China	106.288 (2024)	5,596,000 (2024)
Jiayuguan^[157]	China	4.351 (2024)	315,050 (2024)
Jinan^[158]	China	189.949 (2024)	9,475,850 (2024)
Jinchang^[159]	China	7.088 (2024)	433,500 (2024)
Jingmen	China	27.640 (2020)^[64]^[160]	2,596,927 (2020)^[161]
Jiujiang	China	46.981 (2020)^[64]^[162]	4,600,276 (2020)^[163]
João Pessoa, Paraíba	Brazil	7.2 (2023)^[20]	1,170,000 (2023)^[20]	6,154
Johannesburg	South Africa	134.682 (2022)^[58]	8,400,042 (2022)^[164]
Johnson City, TN MSA	United States	10.758069 (2022)^[9]	210,223 (2022)^[10]
Johnstown, PA MSA	United States	6.068733 (2023)^[9]	130,668 (2023)^[10]
Joinville	Brazil	11.3 (2023)^[20]	660,000 (2023)^[20]	17,121
Jonesboro, AR MSA	United States	7.875673 (2023)^[9]	136,390 (2023)^[10]
Joplin, MO MSA	United States	9.860195 (2023)^[9]	184,086 (2022)^[10]
Juazeiro do Norte	Brazil	2 (2023)^[20]	480,000 (2023)^[20]	4,167
Juiz de Fora	Brazil	5.3 (2023)^[20]	610,000 (2023)^[20]	8,689
Jundiaí	Brazil	19.5 (2023)^[20]	840,000 (2023)^[20]	23,214
Kabul	Afghanistan	6.000	5,050,000 (2024)^[18]
Kafr El Dawwar	Egypt	2.3 (2024)^[16]	370,000 (2024)^[16]
Kagoshima	Japan	53.0 (2019)^[118]	1,588,256 (2020)^[165]
Kahului-Wailuku-Lahaina, HI MSA	United States	12.299263 (2023)^[9]	164,351 (2022)^[10]
Kalamazoo-Portage, MI MSA	United States	20.316132 (2023)^[9]	262,215 (2023)^[10]
Kamloops	Canada	5.885 (2022)^[4]	119,408 (2022)^[5]
Kankakee, IL MSA	United States	8.725053 (2023)^[9]	105,940 (2023)^[10]
Kansas City, MO-KS (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	185.746211 (2023)^[9]	2,221,343 (2023)^[10]
Kaohsiung	Taiwan	58.071 (2016)^[142]	2,775,000 (2020)^[8]
Karachi	Pakistan	106.2 (2022)^[166]	18,600,000 (2022)^[38]
Karamay^[167]	China	18.633 (2024)	490,950 (2024)
Katowice-Ostrava metropolitan area^{[note 1]}	Poland Czech Republic	88.791 (2021)^[2]	4,410,354 (2021)^[3]
Kaunas urban area	Lithuania	11.69021 (2021)^[2]	565,628 (2021)^[3]
Kelowna	Canada	10.444 (2022)^[4]	235,473 (2022)^[5]
Kennewick-Richland, WA MSA	United States	21.082419 (2023)^[9]	314,253 (2023)^[10]
Kielce	Poland	10.378 (2021)^[2]	708,766 (2021)^[3]
Killeen-Temple, TX MSA	United States	26.667324 (2023)^[9]	501,333 (2023)^[10]
Kingston upon Hull	United Kingdom	10.325 (2023)^[6]^[46]	271,942 (2023)^[6]
Kingsport-Bristol, TN-VA MSA	United States	18.326336 (2023)^[9]	313,025 (2023)^[10]
Kingston, NY MSA	United States	9.905383 (2023)^[9]	182,333 (2023)^[10]
Kingston, Ontario	Canada	8.252 (2022)^[4]	180,070 (2022)^[5]
Kitchener, Ontario	Canada	30.943 (2022)^[4]	622,497 (2022)^[5]
Knoxville, TN MSA	United States	64.382649 (2023)^[9]	946,264 (2023)^[10]
Kokomo, IN MSA	United States	5.473566 (2023)^[9]	83,831 (2023)^[10]
Kolkata	India	220 (2024)^[168]	17,700,000 (2024)^[18]
Košice	Slovakia	13.994 (2022)^[2]	780,288 (2022)^[3]
Kraków metropolitan area	Poland	33.993 (2021)^[2]	1,533,641 (2021)^[3]
Kumamoto	Japan	39.8 (2010)^[128]^[169]	1,817,426 (2010)^[170]
Kunming	China	97.628 (2020)^[64]^[171]	4,250,000 (2020)^[8]
Kuwait City	Kuwait	118.000 (2020)^[172]	4,750,000 (2020)^[8]
Kyiv	Ukraine	27.5 (2020)^[173]	3,475,000 (2020)^[8]
Kyoto–Osaka–Kobe	Japan	704.566 (2022)^[174]^[45]	17,700,000 (2022)^[38]	39,806
La Crosse-Onalaska, WI-MN MSA	United States	10.146203 (2023)^[9]	170,238 (2023)^[10]
La Plata	Argentina	12.9 (2023)^[32]	910,000 (2023)^[32]	14,176
Lafayette, LA MSA	United States	27.687065 (2023)^[9]	414,288 (2023)^[10]
Lafayette-West Lafayette, IN MSA	United States	14.979052 (2023)^[9]	226,564 (2023)^[10]
Lagos metropolitan area	Nigeria	102.010 (2021)^[175]	20,100,000 (2021)^[43]
Lahore	Pakistan	60.000 (2022)^[176]	13,900,000 (2022)^[38]
Lake Charles, LA MSA	United States	19.707364 (2022)^[9]	239,113 (2022)^[10]
Lake Havasu City-Kingman, AZ MSA	United States	8.845478 (2023)^[9]	223,682 (2023)^[10]
Lakeland-Winter Haven, FL MSA	United States	41.081699 (2023)^[9]	818,330 (2023)^[10]
Lancaster, PA MSA	United States	38.970487 (2023)^[9]	558,589 (2023)^[10]
Lansing-East Lansing, MI MSA	United States	35.439859 (2023)^[9]	473,177 (2023)^[10]
Laredo, TX MSA	United States	16.186701 (2023)^[9]	269,148 (2023)^[10]
Las Cruces, NM MSA	United States	10.565364 (2023)^[9]	225,210 (2023)^[10]
Las Palmas metropolitan area	Spain	30.411 (2023)^[2]	1,179,391 (2026)^[3]
Las Vegas-Henderson-Paradise, NV (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	178.388313 (2023)^[9]	2,322,985 (2022)^[10]
Launceston	Australia	3.961 (2018–19)^[13]	89,532 (2018–19)^[177]
Lausanne metropolitan area	Switzerland	68.982 (2021)^[2]	814,762 (2021)^[3]
Lawrence, KS MSA	United States	6.741959 (2023)^[9]	120,553 (2023)^[10]
Lawton, OK MSA	United States	6.838293 (2023)^[9]	127,001 (2023)^[10]
Le Mans Métropole	France	18.444 (2021)^[2]	565,314 (2021)^[3]
Lebanon, PA MSA	United States	7.912272 (2023)^[9]	144,252 (2023)^[10]
Leeds (West Yorkshire)	United Kingdom	48.918 (2023)^[6]^[46]	829,413 (2023)^[6]
Leeuwarden metropolitan area	Netherlands	13.311 (2021)^[2]	321,562 (2021)^[3]
Leicester	United Kingdom	14.230 (2023)^[6]^[46]	379,780 (2023)^[6]^[46]
Leiden	Netherlands	20.721 (2021)^[2]	431,595 (2021)^[3]
Les Abymes	France	11.045 (2022)^[2]	407,810 (2022)^[3]
Lethbridge	Canada	5.968 (2022)^[4]	133,064 (2022)^[5]
Lewiston, ID-WA MSA	United States	3.915782 (2023)^[9]	65,536 (2023)^[10]
Lewiston-Auburn, ME MSA	United States	6.750171 (2023)^[9]	113,765 (2023)^[10]
Lexington-Fayette, KY MSA	United States	38.612656 (2023)^[9]	520,045 (2023)^[10]
Lhasa^[178]	China	13.902 (2024)	871,800 (2024)
Lianyungang^[179]	China	65.478 (2024)	4,587,850 (2024)
Liège	Belgium	30.383 (2022)^[2]	826,237 (2022)^[3]
Lima metropolitan area	Peru	114.400 (2023)^[23]	11,600,000 (2023)^[52]
Lima, OH MSA	United States	11.599931 (2023)^[9]	100,838 (2023)^[10]
Limoges metropolitan area	France	13.327 (2021)^[2]	370,651 (2021)^[3]
Lincoln, NE MSA	United States	27.995268 (2023)^[9]	344,387 (2023)^[10]
Linz	Austria	48.98 (2021)^[2]	808,545 (2021)^[3]
Lisbon metropolitan area	Portugal	163.61 (2022)^[2]	3,023,627 (2025)^[3]
Little Rock-North Little Rock-Conway, AR MSA	United States	51.199275 (2023)^[9]	764,045 (2023)^[10]
Liuzhou	China	46.060 (2020)^[64]^[100]	2,000,000 (2020)^[8]
Liverpool (Merseyside)	United Kingdom	61.200 (2023)^[6]^[46]	1,586,149 (2023)^[6]
Ljubljana	Slovenia	23.092 (2022)^[2]	555,213 (2022)^[3]
Łódź metropolitan area	Poland	21.78 (2021)^[2]	1,054,668 (2021)^[3]
Logan, UT-ID MSA	United States	8.907030 (2023)^[9]	157,887 (2023)^[10]
London	United Kingdom	895.916 (2023)^[6]	8,945,309 (2023)^[6]	100,155
London, Ontario	Canada	25.101 (2022)^[4]	574,238 (2022)^[5]
Londrina	Brazil	7.5 (2023)^[20]	770,000 (2023)^[20]	9,740
Long Xuyên (city)	Vietnam	1 (2023)^[53]	340,000 (2023)^[53]	2,941
Longview, TX MSA	United States	20.024488 (2023)^[9]	293,498 (2023)^[10]
Longview, WA MSA	United States	7.096628 (2023)^[9]	111,956 (2022)^[10]
Longyan^[180]	China	48.004 (2024)	2,690,500 (2024)
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	1,295.361403 (2024)^[9]	12,927,614 (2024)^[10]	100,201
Louisville/Jefferson County, KY-IN (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	97.751023 (2023)^[9]	1,365,557 (2023)^[10]
Lubbock, TX MSA	United States	19.655310 (2023)^[9]	360,104 (2023)^[10]
Lublin	Poland	11.549 (2021)^[2]	687,985 (2021)^[3]
Lucerne	Switzerland	36.359 (2021)^[2]	459,867 (2021)^[3]
Lucknow	India	3.83 (2023)^[181]	4,000,000 (2023)^[52]
Luton	United Kingdom	9.522 (2023)^[6]^[46]	231,028 (2023)^[6]
Luoyang	China	74.352 (2020)^[64]	2,550,000 (2020)^[8]
Luxembourg metropolitan area	Luxembourg	81.642 (2022)^[2]	645,397 (2022)^[3]
Lynchburg, VA MSA	United States	13.511861 (2023)^[9]	264,590 (2023)^[10]
Maanshan^{[citation needed]}	China	39.101 (2024)	2,196,000 (2024)
Macao	China	54.228 (2026)^[140]	709,000 (2026)^[140]
Macapá	Brazil	3.5 (2023)^[20]	670,000 (2023)^[20]	5,224
Maceió	Brazil	7.1 (2023)^[20]	1,240,000 (2023)^[20]	5,726
Mackay	Australia	6.540 (2018–19)^[13]	80,148 (2018)^[182]
Macon-Bibb County, GA MSA	United States	13.337109 (2023)^[9]	236,074 (2023)^[10]
Madera, CA MSA	United States	8.025001 (2023)^[9]	160,256 (2022)^[10]
Madison, WI MSA	United States	66.115608 (2023)^[9]	694,345 (2023)^[10]
Madrid Metropolitan Area	Spain	280.939 (2021)^[2]	6,755,828 (2021)^[3]	41,585
Makassar Metropolitan	Indonesia	17.052 (2021)^[183]	1,920,000 (2021)^[43]
Málaga metropolitan area	Spain	44.587 (2023)^[2]	1,805,105 (2026)^[3]
Malmö	Sweden	73.741 (2021)^[2]	1,389,336 (2021)^[3]
Manado Metropolitan	Indonesia	5.487 (2021)^[184]	1,008,126 (2021)^[184]
Manaus	Brazil	22.5 (2023)^[20]	2,280,000 (2023)^[20]	9,868
Manchester (Greater Manchester)	United Kingdom	137.029 (2023)^[6]^[46]	2,948,633 (2023)^[6]
Manchester-Nashua, NH MSA	United States	36.596890 (2023)^[9]	427,354 (2023)^[10]
Manhattan, KS MSA	United States	8.802533 (2023)^[9]	132,831 (2023)^[10]
Mangaluru	India	9.49 (2022)	623,841 (2011)
Mankato, MN MSA	United States	7.182368 (2023)^[9]	104,248 (2023)^[10]
Mar del Plata	Argentina	8.3 (2023)^[32]	690,000 (2023)^[32]	12,029
Maribor	Slovenia	7.613 (2022)^[2]	327,998 (2022)^[3]
Maringá	Brazil	6.4 (2023)^[20]	680,000 (2023)^[20]	9,412
Mansfield, OH MSA	United States	5.920097 (2023)^[9]	125,064 (2023)^[10]
Mansoura, Egypt	Egypt	3.8 (2024)^[16]	600,000 (2024)^[16]
Mataram Metropolitan	Indonesia	5.491 (2021)^[185]	3,808,908 (2021)^[185]
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, TX MSA	United States	30.225234 (2023)^[9]	898,471 (2023)^[10]
Medan Metropolitan	Indonesia	28.248 (2021)^[186]	4,075,000 (2021)^[43]
Medellín	Colombia	35.000 (2023)^[187]	4,225,000 (2023)^[52]
Medford, OR MSA	United States	12.853288 (2023)^[9]	220,768 (2023)^[10]
Mega Manila	Philippines	274.736 (2025)^[188]	41,099,507	6,685
Melbourne	Australia	318.677 (2021)^[37]	5,050,000 (2021)^[43]	63,104
Memphis, TN-MS-AR (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	102.934012 (2023)^[9]	1,335,674 (2023)^[10]
Merced, CA MSA	United States	12.214481 (2023)^[9]	291,920 (2023)^[10]
Métropole du Grand Nancy	France	24.649 (2021)^[2]	732,085 (2021)^[3]
Métropole Nice Côte d'Azur	France	46.825 (2021)^[2]	1,101,039 (2021)^[3]
Métropole Rouen Normandie	France	50.939 (2021)^[2]	1,254,203 (2021)^[3]
Metropolis of Lyon	France	115.084 (2021)^[2]	1,899,599 (2021)^[3]	60,583
Metropolitan Area of Bogotá	Colombia	121.800 (2023)^[187]	10,200,000 (2023)^[52]
Metropolitan City of Bari	Italy	33.945 (2021)^[2]	1,230,819 (2021)^[3]
Metropolitan City of Cagliari	Italy	14.262 (2021)^[2]	421,488 (2021)^[3]
Metropolitan City of Catania	Italy	24.86 (2021)^[2]	1,074,089 (2021)^[3]
Metropolitan City of Florence	Italy	45.934 (2021)^[2]	998,431 (2021)^[3]
Metropolitan City of Genoa	Italy	34.345 (2021)^[2]	823,612 (2021)^[3]
Metropolitan City of Messina	Italy	13.702 (2021)^[2]	603,980 (2021)^[3]
Metropolitan City of Palermo	Italy	28.834 (2021)^[2]	1,208,819 (2021)^[3]
Metropolitan City of Venice	Italy	31.306 (2021)^[2]	843,545 (2021)^[3]
Metropolitan Cork	Ireland	136.816 (2021)^[2]	719,187 (2021)^[3]
Rhine-Ruhr metropolitan region	Germany	634.436 (2021)^[189]	11,300,000 (2021)^[189]	56,145
Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, FL (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	533.674 (2024)^[9]	6,457,988 (2024)^[10]	82,638
Michigan City-La Porte, IN MSA	United States	5.676096 (2023)^[9]	111,706 (2023)^[10]
Midland, MI MSA	United States	7.636137 (2023)^[9]	84,039 (2023)^[10]
Midland, TX MSA	United States	53.664570 (2023)^[9]	182,324 (2023)^[10]
Milan metropolitan area	Italy	270.171 (2021)^[2]	4,339,269 (2021)^[3]	62,262
Milton Keynes	United Kingdom	22.240 (2023)^[6]^[46]	298,270 (2023)^[6]
Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, WI (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	130.856689 (2023)^[9]	1,560,424 (2023)^[10]
Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	369.266 (2024)^[190]	3,760,895 (2024)^[26]	98,186
Minsk	Belarus	19.913 (2023)^[191]^[192]	2,050,000 (2023)^[52]
Miskolc metropolitan area	Hungary	7.787 (2022)^[2]	626,477 (2022)^[3]
Missoula, MT MSA	United States	8.201713 (2023)^[9]	126,939 (2023)^[10]
Mobile, AL MSA	United States	29.553574 (2023)^[9]	411,640 (2023)^[10]
Modesto, CA MSA	United States	30.597632 (2023)^[9]	551,430 (2023)^[10]
Monaco	Monaco	6.816 (2020)^[193]	39,150 (2021)^[194]
Moncton	Canada	7.467 (2022)^[4]	171,608 (2022)^[5]
Monroe, LA MSA	United States	10.276428 (2023)^[9]	221,885 (2023)^[10]
Monroe, MI MSA	United States	7.956412 (2023)^[9]	155,045 (2023)^[10]
Monterrey	Mexico	140 (2015)^[195]	5,324,281 (2020)^[196]
Montes Claros	Brazil	2.4 (2023)^[20]	420,000 (2023)^[20]	5,714
Montevideo	Uruguay	53.9 (2022)^[197]	1,870,000 (2022)^[38]
Montgomery, AL MSA	United States	24.065840 (2023)^[9]	385,480 (2023)^[10]
Montpellier Méditerranée Métropole	France	45.4 (2021)^[2]	1,203,899 (2021)^[3]
Morgantown, WV MSA	United States	10.070965 (2023)^[9]	141,817 (2023)^[10]
Morristown, TN MSA	United States	7.387094 (2023)^[9]	124,054 (2023)^[10]
Moscow metropolitan area	Russia	504.808 (2022)^[37]	17,400,000 (2022)^[38]	29,012
Mount Vernon-Anacortes, WA MSA	United States	8.858346 (2023)^[9]	131,417 (2023)^[10]
Mulhouse Alsace Agglomération	France	27.137 (2021)^[2]	767,736 (2021)^[3]
Multan	Pakistan	12.000 (2022)^[198]	2,225,000 (2022)^[38]
Mumbai	India	368 (2023)^[199]^[200]	13,500,000 (2023)^[200]	27,259
Muncie, IN MSA	United States	5.333469 (2023)^[9]	112,321 (2023)^[10]
Munich Metropolitan Region	Germany	389.628 (2022)^[201]	6,300,000 (2023)^[201]	61,846
Murcia metropolitan area	Spain	45.988 (2024)^[2]	1,604,043 (2026)^[3]
Muskegon, MI MSA	United States	8.004713 (2023)^[9]	176,565 (2022)^[10]
Myrtle Beach-Conway-North Myrtle Beach, SC-NC MSA	United States	27.945154 (2023)^[9]	536,165 (2022)^[10]
Nagoya	Japan	454.904 (2022)^[118]^[45]	10,500,000 (2022)^[38]	43,324
Nagpur	India	19 (2021–22)^[202]	3,375,000 (2022)^[38]
Nairobi	Kenya	30 (2023)^[203]	6,550,000 (2023)^[52]
Namur metropolitan area	Belgium	11.973 (2022)^[2]	321,698 (2022)^[3]
Nanaimo	Canada	4.89 (2022)^[4]	120,165 (2022)^[5]
Nanchang	China	109.530 (2024)^[162]	6,619,300 (2024)^[163]
Nanjing^[204]	China	259.781 (2024)	9,562,000 (2024)
Nanning	China	54.299 (2015)^[205]^[206]	7,765,411 (2015)^[207]
Nanping	China	29.104 (2020)^[64]^[208]	2,680,645 (2020)^[209]
Nantes	France	64.853 (2021)^[2]	1,461,267 (2021)^[3]
Nantong^[210]	China	174.423 (2024)	7,749,250 (2024)
Napa, CA MSA	United States	14.227116 (2023)^[9]	133,216 (2023)^[10]
Naples metropolitan area	Italy	72.215 (2021)^[2]	2,986,745 (2021)^[3]
Naples-Marco Island, FL MSA	United States	31.526854 (2023)^[9]	404,310 (2023)^[10]
Nashville-Davidson—Murfreesboro—Franklin, TN (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	223.009 (2024)^[211]	2,162,758 (2024)^[26]	103,113
National Capital Region (Delhi)	India	351.5 (2023)^[212]	36,400,000 (2023)^[52]	9,657
Natal	Brazil	8.6 (2023)^[20]	1,400,000 (2023)^[20]	6,143
Neuquén	Argentina	6.6 (2023)^[32]	430,000 (2023)^[32]	15,349
New Bern, NC MSA	United States	7.196683 (2023)^[9]	122,488 (2022)^[213]
New Haven-Milford, CT MSA	United States	65.232142 (2023)^[9]	869,527 (2022)^[10]
New Orleans-Metairie, LA (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	102.436589 (2023)^[9]	962,165 (2023)^[10]
New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	2,442.5 (2024)^[214]	20,080,087 (2024)^[26]	121,638
Newcastle	Australia	11.554 (2018–19)^[13]	492,805 (2018–19)^[215]
Nha Trang	Vietnam	1.4 (2023)^[53]	340,000 (2023)^[53]	4,118
Nicosia	Cyprus	29.251 (2022)^[2]	904,705 (2022)^[3]
Niigata	Japan	43.3 (2010)^[216]^[169]	2,374,450 (2010)^[217]
Niles, MI MSA	United States	9.484269 (2023)^[9]	152,261 (2023)^[10]
Ningbo^[218]	China	254.823 (2024)	9,737,000 (2024)
Ningde^[219]	China	54.790 (2024)	3,162,000 (2024)
North Port-Sarasota-Bradenton, FL MSA	United States	56.607597 (2023)^[9]	891,411 (2022)^[10]
Northwest Metropolitan Region	Germany	123.046 (2022)^[220]	2,800,000 (2023)^[220]	43,945
Norwich-New London, CT MSA	United States	23.909840 (2023)^[9]	268,681 (2022)^[10]
Nottingham	United Kingdom	17.547 (2023)^[6]^[46]	329,276 (2023)^[6]
Nuremberg Metropolitan Region	Germany	175.859 (2022)^[221]	3,611,000 (2022)^[221]	48,701
Nyingchi	China	2.774 (2020)^[64]^[222]	238,936 (2020)^[223]
Ocala, FL MSA	United States	15.982712 (2023)^[9]	409,959 (2023)^[10]
Ocean City, NJ MSA	United States	7.772540 (2023)^[9]	95,634 (2022)^[10]
Odense	Denmark	24.15 (2022)^[2]	501,782 (2022)^[3]
Odessa, TX MSA	United States	15.658079 (2023)^[9]	164,494 (2023)^[10]
Ogden-Clearfield, UT MSA	United States	43.646961 (2023)^[9]	713,839 (2022)^[10]
Okayama	Japan	63.1 (2010)^[128]^[169]	1,945,276 (2010)^[224]
Oklahoma City, OK (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	100.054101 (2023)^[9]	1,477,926 (2023)^[10]
Olsztyn metropolitan area	Poland	8.47 (2021)^[2]	573,199 (2021)^[3]
Olympia-Lacey-Tumwater, WA MSA	United States	19.969972 (2023)^[9]	299,003 (2023)^[10]
Omaha-Council Bluffs, NE-IA MSA	United States	92.356612 (2023)^[9]	976,671 (2022)^[10]
Opole	Poland	10.023 (2021)^[2]	567,836 (2021)^[3]
Orange	Australia	3.204 (2018–19)^[13]	40,493 (2018)^[114]
Ordos^[225]^[41]	China	89.347 (2024)	2,230,400 (2024)
Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, FL (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	233.182 (2024)^[226]	2,919,982 (2024)^[26]	79,857
Orléans	France	27.275 (2021)^[2]	684,609 (2021)^[3]
Oshawa	Canada	12.576 (2022)^[4]	447,079 (2022)^[5]
Oshkosh-Neenah, WI MSA	United States	13.408456 (2023)^[9]	171,735 (2023)^[10]
Ottawa–Gatineau	Canada	81.306 (2022)^[4]	1,498,610 (2022)^[5]
Owensboro, KY MSA	United States	7.142735 (2023)^[9]	112,512 (2023)^[10]
Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura, CA MSA	United States	65.991334 (2023)^[9]	829,590 (2023)^[10]
Padang Metropolitan	Indonesia	6.213 (2021)^[227]	1,441,760 (2021)^[227]
Padua metropolitan area	Italy	39.575 (2021)^[2]	932,629 (2021)^[3]
Palembang Metropolitan	Indonesia	16.561 (2021)^[228]	1,740,000 (2021)^[43]
Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville, FL MSA	United States	39.591386 (2023)^[9]	643,979 (2023)^[10]
Palma de Mallorca metropolitan area	Spain	48.375 (2024)^[2]	1,259,545 (2026)^[3]
Pamplona metropolitan area	Spain	28.812 (2024)^[2]	689,018 (2026)^[3]
Panama City, FL MSA	United States	12.731669 (2023)^[9]	185,134 (2022)^[10]
Panjin^[229]	China	19.848 (2024)	1,379,460 (2024)
Panzhihua^[230]	China	19.591 (2024)	1,220,500 (2024)
Paris (Metropolitan area)	France	936.851 (2024)^[2]	12,548,605 (2024)^[3]	74,658
Parkersburg-Vienna, WV MSA	United States	4.711556 (2023)^[9]	88,052 (2023)^[10]
Parma	Italy	22.51 (2021)^[2]	449,628 (2021)^[3]
Patna	India	31.2384 (2023)^[231]	2,850,000 (2023)^[52]
Pécs	Hungary	4.561 (2022)^[2]	354,341 (2022)^[3]
Pekanbaru Metropolitan	Indonesia	25.279 (2021)^[232]	1,250,000 (2021)^[43]
Pelotas	Brazil	2.6 (2023)^[20]	380,000 (2023)^[20]	6,842
Pensacola-Ferry Pass-Brent, FL MSA	United States	29.977030 (2023)^[9]	530,090 (2023)^[10]
Peoria, IL MSA	United States	27.879142 (2023)^[9]	362,240 (2023)^[10]
Perpignan Méditerranée Métropole	France	14.49 (2021)^[2]	483,558 (2021)^[3]
Perth	Australia	111.056 (2018–19)^[13]	2,087,086 (2018–19)^[233]
Perugia metropolitan area	Italy	20.729 (2021)^[2]	645,506 (2021)^[3]
Peterborough	United Kingdom	10.905 (2023)^[6]^[46]	219,509 (2023)^[6]
Peterborough, Ontario	Canada	4.601 (2022)^[4]	135,005 (2022)^[5]
Petrolina	Brazil	3.1 (2023)^[20]	580,000 (2023)^[20]	5,345
Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	557.601 (2024)^[9]	6,330,422 (2024)^[10]	88,083
Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	398.129 (2024)^[9]	5,186,958 (2024)^[10]	76,756
Pine Bluff, AR MSA	United States	4.146574 (2023)^[9]	84,629 (2022)^[10]
Piracicaba	Brazil	7.9 (2023)^[20]	480,000 (2023)^[20]	16,458
Pittsburgh, PA (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	194.229253 (2023)^[9]	2,422,725 (2023)^[10]
Pittsfield, MA MSA	United States	8.955924 (2023)^[9]	126,818 (2023)^[10]
Ploiești	Romania	10.458 (2021)^[2]	703,368 (2021)^[3]
Plovdiv	Bulgaria	6.266 (2021)^[2]	666,398 (2021)^[3]
Plymouth	United Kingdom	10.178 (2023)^[6]^[46]	268,736 (2023)^[6]
Plzeň	Czech Republic	14.003 (2022)^[2]	578,707 (2022)^[3]
Pocatello, ID MSA	United States	4.569769 (2023)^[9]	90,400 (2023)^[10]
Ponta Grossa	Brazil	4.4 (2023)^[20]	390,000 (2023)^[20]	11,282
Port Said	Egypt	4.0 (2024)^[16]	790,000 (2024)^[16]
Port St. Lucie, FL MSA	United States	27.153067 (2023)^[9]	536,901 (2023)^[10]
Portland-South Portland, ME MSA	United States	48.037136 (2023)^[9]	566,329 (2023)^[10]
Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	225.338 (2024)^[234]	2,531,245 (2024)^[26]	89,023
Porto Alegre	Brazil	46.7 (2023)^[20]	4,080,000 (2023)^[20]	11,446
Porto metropolitan area	Portugal	41.257 (2022)^[2]	1,740,117 (2022)^[3]
Porto Velho	Brazil	4.8 (2023)^[20]	580,000 (2023)^[20]	8,276
Portsmouth-Southampton Metropolitan area	United Kingdom	24.375 (2023)^[6]^[46]	466,407 (2023)^[6]
Posadas, Misiones	Argentina	5.9 (2023)^[32]	410,000 (2023)^[32]	14,390
Poznań metropolitan area	Poland	33.828 (2021)^[2]	1,241,984 (2021)^[3]
Prague metropolitan area	Czech Republic	115.803 (2022)^[2]	2,662,230 (2022)^[3]
Prato	Italy	9.743 (2021)^[2]	265,269 (2021)^[3]
Prescott Valley–Prescott, AZ MSA	United States	6.111 (2017)^[9]	228,398 (2017)^[10]
Pretoria	South Africa	56.286 (2022)^[58]	7,426,673 (2022)
Providence-Warwick, RI-MA (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	111.839552 (2023)^[9]	1,677,803 (2023)^[10]
Provo-Orem, UT MSA	United States	45.033143 (2023)^[9]	715,001 (2022)^[10]
Puebla	Mexico	31.102 (2019)^[235]	3,903,485 (2020)^[236]
Pueblo, CO MSA	United States	8.576776 (2023)^[9]	169,422 (2023)^[10]
Pune	India	69 (2016)^[237]^[238]^[239]	9,429,408 (2011)^[240]
Punta Gorda, FL MSA	United States	8.701074 (2023)^[9]	206,134 (2023)^[10]
Putian^[241]	China	48.342 (2024)	3,185,500 (2024)
Qingdao^[242]	China	234.768 (2024)	10,407,000 (2024)
Quanzhou^[243]	China	183.873 (2024)	8,898,500 (2024)
Quebec City	Canada	45.363 (2022)^[4]	848,776 (2022)^[5]
Quito	Ecuador	33.900 (2023)^[244]	2,875,000 (2023)^[52]
Quzhou^[245]	China	31.774 (2024)	2,298,000 (2024)
Racine, WI MSA	United States	10.914885 (2023)^[9]	195,846 (2022)^[10]
Radom County	Poland	7.487 (2021)^[2]	574,281 (2021)^[3]
Raleigh, NC (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	133.081325 (2023)^[9]	1,509,231 (2023)^[10]
Rapid City, SD MSA	United States	9.425612 (2023)^[9]	155,974 (2023)^[10]
Reading, PA MSA	United States	25.974930 (2023)^[9]	432,821 (2023)^[10]
Recife	Brazil	28.4 (2023)^[20]	4,160,000 (2023)^[20]	6,827
Red Deer, Alberta	Canada	4.727 (2022)^[4]	107,073 (2022)^[5]
Redding, CA MSA	United States	11.047068 (2023)^[9]	180,366 (2023)^[10]
Reggio Emilia metropolitan area	Italy	24.022 (2021)^[2]	527,140 (2021)^[3]
Regina, Saskatchewan	Canada	17.596 (2022)^[4]	268,804 (2022)^[5]
Rennes Métropole	France	47.189 (2021)^[2]	1,098,420 (2021)^[3]
Reno, NV MSA	United States	43.148385 (2023)^[9]	564,782 (2023)^[10]
Resistencia, Chaco	Argentina	7.4 (2023)^[32]	450,000 (2023)^[32]	16,444
Rhine-Neckar	Germany	117.201 (2022)^[246]	2,458,595 (2023)^[246]	47,670
Ribeirão Preto	Brazil	10.1 (2023)^[20]	910,000 (2023)^[20]	11,099
Richmond, VA (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	116.959541 (2023)^[9]	1,349,732 (2023)^[10]
Riga metropolitan area	Latvia	27.156 (2021)^[2]	993,600 (2021)^[3]
Rio Branco, Acre	Brazil	2.3 (2023)^[20]	430,000 (2023)^[20]	5,349
Rio de Janeiro metropolitan area	Brazil	171.8 (2023)^[20]	13,280,000 (2023)^[20]	12,937
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	272.67 (2024)^[247]	4,747,876 (2024)^[26]	57,430
Riyadh	Saudi Arabia	263.893 (2023)^[153]	7,300,000 (2023)^[38]
Roanoke, VA MSA	United States	21.742564 (2023)^[9]	314,314 (2023)^[10]
Rochester, MN MSA	United States	17.948981 (2023)^[9]	229,077 (2023)^[10]
Rochester, NY MSA	United States	78.469076 (2023)^[9]	1,052,087 (2023)^[10]
Rockford, IL MSA	United States	19.712066 (2023)^[9]	334,124 (2023)^[10]
Rockhampton	Australia	5.342 (2018–19)^[13]	78,592 (2018)^[248]
Rocky Mount, NC MSA	United States	8.732690 (2023)^[9]	145,383 (2023)^[10]
Rome metropolitan area	Italy	240.731 (2023)^[2]	4,231,451 (2021)^[3]
Rome, GA MSA	United States	5.449843 (2023)^[9]	100,113 (2023)^[10]
Rotterdam	Netherlands	112.578 (2021)^[2]	1,834,417 (2021)^[3]
Ruhr	Germany	192.211 (2020)^[249]	5,162,812 (2023)^[249]	37,230
Rzeszów	Poland	9.797 (2021)^[2]	615,954 (2021)^[3]
Sacramento—Roseville—Arden-Arcade, CA (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	189.624282 (2023)^[9]	2,420,608 (2023)^[10]
Saginaw, MI MSA	United States	10.801688 (2023)^[9]	187,782 (2023)^[10]
Saguenay, Quebec	Canada	8.746 (2022)^[4]	165,185 (2022)^[5]
Saint John, New Brunswick	Canada	6.017 (2022)^[4]	135,622 (2022)^[5]
Saint Petersburg	Russia	128.000 (2021)^[250]	5,650,000 (2021)^[43]
Saint-Étienne Métropole	France	26.794 (2021)^[2]	766,473 (2021)^[3]
Salem, OR MSA	United States	25.733543 (2023)^[9]	436,546 (2023)^[10]
Salinas, CA MSA	United States	36.861463 (2023)^[9]	430,723 (2023)^[10]
Salisbury, MD-DE MSA	United States	30.830418 (2023)^[9]	439,032 (2022)^[10]
Salt Lake City, UT (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	147.519150 (2023)^[9]	1,266,191 (2022)^[10]
Salta	Argentina	8.7 (2023)^[32]	720,000 (2023)^[32]	12,083
Salvador	Brazil	29.5 (2023)^[20]	3,860,000 (2023)^[20]	7,642
Salzburg	Austria	26.129 (2021)^[2]	371,032 (2021)^[3]
San Angelo, TX MSA	United States	9.613209 (2023)^[9]	120,606 (2023)^[10]
San Antonio-New Braunfels, TX (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	182.139043 (2023)^[9]	2,703,999 (2023)^[10]
San Diego-Carlsbad, CA (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	331.868 (2024)^[251]	3,287,542 (2024)^[26]	100,947
San Francisco–Oakland–Fremont, CA MSA	United States	801.311 (2024)^[252]	4,623,434 (2024)^[26]	173,315
San Juan	Puerto Rico	45.461 (2021)^[253]	1,920,000 (2021)^[43]
San Juan, Argentina	Argentina	7.3 (2023)^[32]	550,000 (2023)^[32]	13,273
San Jose–Sunnyvale–Santa Clara, CA MSA	United States	441.768 (2024)^[254]	1,976,995 (2024)^[26]	223,454
San Luis Obispo-Paso Robles, CA MSA	United States	22.753294 (2023)^[9]	281,639 (2023)^[10]
San Marino	San Marino	2.417 (2026)^[140]	34,000 (2026)^[140]
San Miguel de Tucumán	Argentina	13.4 (2023)^[32]	1,030,000 (2023)^[32]	13,010
San Salvador de Jujuy	Argentina	4.5 (2023)^[32]	380,000 (2023)^[32]	11,842
Sanmenxia	China	21.033 (2020)^[64]	2,034,872 (2020)^[255]
Sanming^[256]	China	41.043 (2024)	2,424,000 (2024)
Santa Cruz de Tenerife metropolitan area	Spain	27.968 (2023)^[2]	1,093,343 (2026)^[3]
Santa Cruz-Watsonville, CA MSA	United States	20.186709 (2023)^[9]	261,547 (2023)^[10]
Santa Fe, Argentina	Argentina	7.6 (2023)^[32]	580,000 (2023)^[32]	13,103
Santa Fe, NM MSA	United States	9.278913 (2023)^[9]	155,956 (2023)^[10]
Santa Maria-Santa Barbara, CA MSA	United States	38.512465 (2023)^[9]	441,257 (2023)^[10]
Santa Rosa-Petaluma, CA MSA	United States	38.453328 (2023)^[9]	481,812 (2023)^[10]
Santander metropolitan area	Spain	19.158 (2024)^[2]	597,281 (2026)^[3]
Santiago Metropolitan Region	Chile	128.800 (2023)^[257]	8,050,000 (2023)^[52]
Santiago de Cali	Colombia	22.100 (2023)^[187]	2,925,000 (2023)^[52]
Santiago de los Caballeros	Dominican Republic	8.1 (2023)^[258]	698,000 (2024)^[259]
Santiago del Estero	Argentina	6.1 (2023)^[32]	450,000 (2023)^[32]	13,556
Santo Domingo	Dominican Republic	37.5 (2023)^[258]	4,175,000 (2023)^[52]
Santos	Brazil	16.1 (2023)^[20]	1,790,000 (2023)^[20]	8,994
São José do Rio Preto	Brazil	6.2 (2023)^[20]	640,000 (2023)^[20]	9,688
São José dos Campos	Brazil	18 (2023)^[20]	1,340,000 (2023)^[20]	13,433
São Luís	Brazil	8.7 (2023)^[20]	1,470,000 (2023)^[20]	5,918
Sapporo	Japan	84.7 (2010)^[128]^[169]	1,913,545 (2010)^[260]
Saskatoon	Canada	20.373 (2022)^[4]	347,536 (2022)^[5]
Savannah, GA MSA	United States	32.395522 (2023)^[9]	424,935 (2023)^[10]
Scranton–Wilkes-Barre, PA MSA	United States	34.511287 (2023)^[9]	569,413 (2023)^[10]
Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	566.742 (2024)^[9]	4,145,494 (2024)^[10]	136,713
Sebastian-Vero Beach, FL MSA	United States	10.207144 (2023)^[9]	167,352 (2022)^[10]
Sebring-Avon Park, FL MSA	United States	3.583095 (2023)^[9]	105,618 (2022)^[10]
Semarang Metropolitan	Indonesia	26.057 (2021)^[261]	2,275,000 (2021)^[43]
Sendai	Japan	50 (2015)^[262]	1,082,159 (2015)^[263]
Seoul Metropolitan Area	South Korea	850.628 (2024)^[83]	25,100,000 (2024)^[18]	33,890
Seville metropolitan area	Spain	52.817 (2023)^[2]	1,994,601 (2026)^[3]
Shanghai	China	795.343 (2025)^[264]^[45]	24,802,600 (2024)^[265]	32,067
Shantou	China	34.8 (2017)^[266]	5,502,031 (2020)^[267]
Shaoxing^[268]	China	117.508 (2024)	5,411,500 (2024)
Sheboygan, WI MSA	United States	8.738603 (2023)^[9]	117,752 (2023)^[10]
Sheffield	United Kingdom	23.701 (2023)^[6]^[46]	573,252 (2023)^[6]
Shenyang^[269]	China	126.755 (2024)	9,223,500 (2024)
Shenzhen	China	557.32 (2025)^[270]	17,889,500 (2024)^[271]	31,153
Sherbrooke	Canada	8.583 (2022)^[4]	231,055 (2022)^[5]
Sherman-Denison, TX MSA	United States	7.289716 (2023)^[9]	146,907 (2023)^[10]
Shijiazhuang	China	81.252 (2018)^[266]	11,235,086 (2020)^[272]
Shizuishan	China	7.853 (2020)^[64]^[273]	751,389 (2020)^[274]
Shizuoka	Japan	45.8 (2010)^[128]^[169]	3,765,007 (2010)^[275]
Shreveport-Bossier City, LA MSA	United States	27.913122 (2022)^[9]	384,943 (2022)^[10]
Shuozhou	China	15.955 (2020)^[64]^[276]	1,593,444 (2020)^[277]
Sierra Vista-Douglas, AZ MSA	United States	6.080882 (2023)^[9]	124,640 (2023)^[10]
Singapore	Singapore	659.572 (2026)^[140]	6,121,000 (2026)^[140]	107,756
Sioux City, IA-NE-SD MSA	United States	11.978474 (2023)^[9]	144,402 (2023)^[10]
Sioux Falls, SD MSA	United States	30.084975 (2023)^[9]	289,592 (2022)^[10]
Sofia metropolitan area	Bulgaria	39.335 (2021)^[2]	1,667,314 (2021)^[3]
Sorocaba	Brazil	12 (2023)^[20]	940,000 (2023)^[20]	12,766
South Bend-Mishawaka, IN-MI MSA	United States	20.547790 (2023)^[9]	324,490 (2023)^[10]
Spartanburg, SC MSA	United States	21.159577 (2023)^[9]	383,327 (2023)^[10]
Split, Croatia	Croatia	6.115 (2022)^[2]	423,085 (2022)^[3]
Spokane-Spokane Valley, WA MSA	United States	39.735793 (2023)^[9]	600,292 (2023)^[10]
Springfield, IL MSA	United States	14.899178 (2023)^[9]	205,445 (2023)^[10]
Springfield, MA MSA	United States	42.356150 (2023)^[9]	460,291 (2023)^[10]
Springfield, MO MSA	United States	28.577385 (2023)^[9]	491,053 (2023)^[10]
Springfield, OH MSA	United States	5.909466 (2023)^[9]	134,610 (2023)^[10]
St. Catharines–Niagara Falls	Canada	15.642 (2022)^[4]	450,501 (2022)^[5]
St. Cloud, MN MSA	United States	14.190740 (2023)^[9]	202,577 (2023)^[10]
St. George, UT MSA	United States	10.742891 (2022)^[9]	197,730 (2022)^[10]
St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador	Canada	11.197 (2022)^[4]	219,119 (2022)^[5]
St. Joseph, MO-KS MSA	United States	7.528526 (2023)^[9]	118,475 (2023)^[10]
St. Louis, MO-IL (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	236.782 (2024)^[278]	2,811,394 (2024)^[26]	84,222
State College, PA MSA	United States	10.952214 (2023)^[9]	157,795 (2023)^[10]
Staunton, VA MSA	United States	6.760948 (2023)^[9]	126,776 (2022)^[10]
Stockholm metropolitan area	Sweden	202.56 (2021)^[2]	2,391,990 (2021)^[3]
Stockton, CA MSA	United States	42.836031 (2023)^[9]	793,229 (2022)^[10]
Stoke-on-Trent	United Kingdom	9.701 (2023)^[6]^[46]	263,157 (2023)^[6]
Strasbourg	France	48.99 (2021)^[2]	1,150,899 (2021)^[3]
Stuttgart Metropolitan Region	Germany	311.132 (2022)^[279]	5,506,959 (2022)^[279]	56,498
Suez	Egypt	3.6 (2024)^[16]	690,000 (2024)^[16]
Sumter, SC MSA	United States	6.599335 (2023)^[9]	104,165 (2023)^[10]
Sunderland	United Kingdom	11.133 (2023)^[6]^[46]	281,058 (2023)^[6]
Sunshine Coast	Australia	13.813 (2018–19)^[13]	333,436 (2018)^[280]
Surabaya Metropolitan	Indonesia	88.821 (2021)^[281]	6,150,000 (2021)^[43]
Surat	India	59.8 (2017)^[282]	6,600,000 (2020)^[8]
Suzhou	China	388.485 (2025)^[283]^[45]	13,047,700 (2025)^[283]	29,774
Swansea	United Kingdom	9.084 (2023)^[6]^[46]	246,742 (2023)^[6]
Sydney	Australia	398.037 (2021)^[37]	5,400,000 (2021)^[43]	73,711
Syracuse, NY MSA	United States	51.191017 (2023)^[9]	652,956 (2023)^[10]
Szczecin metropolitan area	Poland	8.483 (2021)^[2]	392,527 (2021)^[3]
Székesfehérvár District	Hungary	7.904 (2022)^[2]	418,555 (2022)^[3]
Taichung	Taiwan	63.910 (2016)^[142]	3,033,840 (2020)^[284]
Tainan	Taiwan	37.038 (2016)^[142]	1,875,076 (2020)^[285]
Taipei–Keelung metropolitan area	Taiwan	407.838 (2021)^[37]	9,150,000 (2021)^[43]	44,572
Taiyuan^[286]	China	76.090 (2024)	5,479,700 (2024)
Taizhou^[287]	China	98.585 (2024)	4,490,500 (2024)
Taizhou, Zhejiang^[288]	China	93.466 (2024)	6,720,500 (2024)
Tallahassee, FL MSA	United States	24.529748 (2023)^[9]	392,645 (2023)^[10]
Tallinn metropolitan area	Estonia	22.83 (2022)^[2]	614,561 (2022)^[3]
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	261.61 (2024)^[289]	3,405,357 (2024)^[26]	76,823
Tampere	Finland	26.143 (2021)^[2]	520,691 (2021)^[3]
Tangshan^[290]	China	140.471 (2024)	7,720,900 (2024)
Tanta	Egypt	2.8 (2024)^[16]	530,000 (2024)^[16]
Taoyuan	Taiwan	52.010 (2016)^[142]	2,254,363 (2020)^[143]
Taranto metropolitan area	Italy	13.59 (2021)^[2]	561,958 (2021)^[3]
Tarnów metropolitan area	Poland	5.098 (2021)^[2]	429,276 (2021)^[3]
Taubaté	Brazil	4.8 (2023)^[20]	330,000 (2023)^[20]	14,545
Tbilisi	Georgia	14.131 (2023)^[291]	1,400,000 (2023)^[52]
Tel Aviv metropolitan area	Israel	310.00 (2022)^[292]^[293]	4,156,900 (2022)^[294]	74,575
Teresina	Brazil	6.2 (2023)^[20]	1,060,000 (2023)^[20]	5,849
Terre Haute, IN MSA	United States	10.300542 (2023)^[9]	168,787 (2023)^[10]
Texarkana, TX-AR MSA	United States	7.215096 (2023)^[9]	145,907 (2023)^[10]
The Hague	Netherlands	66.276 (2021)^[2]	1,122,240 (2021)^[3]
The Villages, FL MSA	United States	7.137460 (2023)^[9]	144,970 (2022)^[10]
Thessaloniki	Greece	18.926 (2021)^[2]	1,096,665 (2021)^[3]
Thủ Dầu Một	Vietnam	4.6 (2023)^[53]	480,000 (2023)^[53]	9,583
Thunder Bay	Canada	6.029 (2022)^[4]	125,334 (2022)^[5]
Tianjin^[295]	China	253.090 (2024)	13,640,000 (2024)
Tilburg	Netherlands	24.617 (2021)^[2]	493,004 (2021)^[3]
Timișoara metropolitan area	Romania	13.184 (2021)^[2]	705,500 (2021)^[3]
Tokelau	Tokelau	0.009 (2015–16)^[296]	1,499 (2016)^[297]
Toledo, OH MSA	United States	49.254628 (2023)^[9]	600,141 (2023)^[10]
Tongling^{[citation needed]}	China	18.612 (2024)	1,301,500 (2024)
Toowoomba	Australia	7.118 (2018–19)^[13]	136,861 (2018)^[248]
Topeka, KS MSA	United States	15.156457 (2023)^[9]	232,322 (2023)^[10]
Toulouse Métropole	France	69.818 (2021)^[2]	1,434,439 (2021)^[3]
Tours Métropole Val de Loire	France	23.164 (2021)^[2]	612,237 (2021)^[3]
Townsville	Australia	9.075 (2018–19)^[13]	180,820 (2018)^[298]
Trinational Eurodistrict of Basel	Switzerland	76.782 (2021)^[2]	716,546 (2021)^[3]
Trenton-Princeton, NJ MSA	United States	53.002639 (2023)^[9]	381,671 (2023)^[10]
Trois-Rivières	Canada	6.72 (2022)^[4]	167,732 (2022)^[5]
Trondheim Region	Norway	30.919 (2021)^[2]	471,124 (2021)^[3]
Trujillo	Peru	5.7 (2023)^[23]	1,034,300 (2023)^[24]
Tucson, AZ MSA	United States	62.169929 (2023)^[9]	1,063,162 (2023)^[10]
Tulsa, OK MSA	United States	67.510846 (2023)^[9]	1,044,757 (2023)^[10]
Turin metropolitan area	Italy	89.713 (2021)^[2]	2,219,206 (2021)^[3]
Turku metropolitan area	Finland	23.664 (2021)^[2]	481,403 (2021)^[3]
Tuscaloosa, AL MSA	United States	14.767427 (2023)^[9]	278,290 (2023)^[10]
Twin Falls, Idaho	United States	5.878 (2021)^[9]	117,150 (2021)^[10]
Tyler, TX MSA	United States	15.683898 (2023)^[9]	245,209 (2023)^[10]
Tyneside^{[note 2]}	United Kingdom	35.206 (2023)^[6]^[46]	872,154 (2023)^[6]
Uberaba	Brazil	4.1 (2023)^[20]	350,000 (2023)^[20]	11,714
Uberlandia	Brazil	9.5 (2023)^[20]	720,000 (2023)^[20]	13,194
Uppsala	Sweden	22.566 (2021)^[2]	388,394 (2021)^[3]
Urban Honolulu, HI MSA	United States	81.675550 (2023)^[9]	989,408 (2023)^[10]
Ürümqi^[299]	China	58.532 (2024)	4,084,800 (2024)
Utica-Rome, NY MSA	United States	16.282294 (2023)^[9]	287,039 (2023)^[10]
Utrecht	Netherlands	98.493 (2021)^[2]	1,361,153 (2021)^[3]
Valdosta, GA MSA	United States	7.679252 (2023)^[9]	151,118 (2023)^[10]
Vale do Aço metropolitan area	Brazil	5.3 (2023)^[20]	580,000 (2023)^[20]	9,138
Valencia metropolitan area	Spain	81.660 (2023)^[2]	2,805,449 (2026)^[3]
Valladolid	Spain	17.760 (2023)^[2]	533,705 (2026)^[3]
Vallejo, CA MSA	United States	37.156243 (2023)^[9]	449,218 (2023)^[10]
Valletta	Malta	17.603 (2022)^[2]	486,087 (2022)^[3]
Varna, Bulgaria	Bulgaria	5.096 (2021)^[2]	470,124 (2021)^[3]
Burgas Province	Bulgaria	3.914 (2021)^[2]	409,750 (2021)^[3]
Verona metropolitan area	Italy	38.437 (2021)^[2]	927,810 (2021)^[3]
Victoria, British Columbia	Canada	20.763 (2022)^[4]	423,136 (2022)^[5]
Victoria, TX MSA	United States	6.323208 (2023)^[9]	98,808 (2023)^[10]
Vienna	Austria	165.969 (2021)^[2]	2,890,577 (2021)^[3]
Vigo metropolitan area	Spain	27.748 (2023)^[2]	950,414 (2026)^[3]
Vilnius urban area	Lithuania	30.915 (2022)^[2]	868,341 (2022)^[300]
Vineland-Bridgeton, NJ MSA	United States	8.208721 (2023)^[9]	151,356 (2022)^[10]
Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	127.459149 (2023)^[9]	1,806,840 (2022)^[10]
Visalia, CA MSA	United States	24.256732 (2022)^[9]	477,884 (2022)^[10]
Vishakhapatnam	India	43.5 (2017)^[282]	2,200,000 (2020)^[8]
Vitória da Conquista	Brazil	1.9 (2023)^[20]	340,000 (2023)^[20]	5,588
Vitoria-Gasteiz	Spain	15.236 (2023)^[2]	344,665 (2026)^[3]
Volta Redonda	Brazil	4.1 (2023)^[20]	500,000 (2023)^[20]	8,200
Vũng Tàu	Vietnam	6.9 (2023)^[53]	450,000 (2023)^[53]	15,333
Waco, TX MSA	United States	18.135219 (2023)^[9]	304,865 (2023)^[10]
Wagga Wagga	Australia	4.392 (2018–19)^[13]	56,442 (2018)^[114]
Walla Walla, WA MSA	United States	4.362362 (2023)^[9]	61,568 (2023)^[10]
Warner Robins, GA MSA	United States	10.549159 (2023)^[9]	200,779 (2023)^[10]
Warsaw metropolitan area	Poland	117.972 (2021)^[115]	3,242,890 (2021)^[3]
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV (Metropolitan Statistical Area)	United States	714.685 (2024)^[9]	6,436,489 (2024)^[10]	111,036
Waterloo-Cedar Falls, IA MSA	United States	12.521946 (2023)^[9]	168,162 (2023)^[10]
Watertown-Fort Drum, NY MSA	United States	8.037177 (2023)^[9]	114,787 (2023)^[10]
Wausau-Weston, WI MSA	United States	12.711703 (2023)^[9]	166,334 (2022)^[10]
Weihai^[301]	China	52.356 (2024)	2,914,100 (2024)
Weirton-Steubenville, WV-OH MSA	United States	7.568043 (2023)^[9]	113,544 (2023)^[10]
Wellington	New Zealand	26.607 (2022)^[302]	440,900 (2022)^[164]
Wenatchee, WA MSA	United States	9.343442 (2023)^[9]	124,118 (2022)^[10]
Wenzhou^[303]	China	136.467 (2024)	9,806,500 (2024)
Wheeling, WV-OH MSA	United States	12.658006 (2023)^[9]	135,517 (2023)^[10]
Wichita Falls, TX MSA	United States	8.256094 (2023)^[9]	149,947 (2023)^[10]
Wichita, KS MSA	United States	46.468045 (2023)^[9]	652,939 (2023)^[10]
Williamsport, PA MSA	United States	7.486729 (2023)^[9]	112,724 (2023)^[10]
Wilmington, NC MSA	United States	21.996036 (2023)^[9]	467,337 (2023)^[10]
Winchester, VA-WV MSA	United States	9.988848 (2023)^[9]	147,260 (2023)^[10]
Windsor, Ontario	Canada	16.46 (2022)^[4]	359,672 (2022)^[5]
Winnipeg Metropolitan Region	Canada	40.021 (2022)^[4]	871,778 (2022)^[5]
Winston-Salem, NC MSA	United States	44.750605 (2023)^[9]	695,630 (2023)^[10]
Wollongong	Australia	5.624 (2018–19)^[13]	300,332 (2018–19)^[304]
Worcester, MA-CT MSA	United States	64.135380 (2023)^[9]	980,137 (2022)^[10]
Wrocław metropolitan area	Poland	19.608 (2021)^[2]	670,219 (2021)^[3]
Wuhai^[305]^[41]	China	8.363 (2024)	556,750 (2024)
Wuhan^[306]	China	296.365 (2024)	13,791,550 (2024)	21,489
Wuhu^{[citation needed]}	China	71.900 (2024)	1,790,000 (2024)^[18]
Wuxi^[307]	China	228.362 (2024)	7,500,000 (2024)
Xi'an^[308]	China	187.003 (2024)	13,122,900 (2024)
Xiamen^[309]	China	120.603 (2024)	5,338,500 (2024)
Xiangtan^[310]	China	41.522 (2024)	2,696,500 (2024)
Xiangyang^[311]	China	85.688 (2024)	5,279,100 (2024)
Xilingol^[312]	China	17.355 (2024)	1,114,500 (2024)
Xinyu	China	14.517 (2020)^[64]^[162]	1,202,499 (2020)^[163]
Xuchang	China	50.008 (2020)^[64]	4,379,998 (2020)^[255]
Xuzhou^[313]	China	133.916 (2024)	9,015,000 (2024)
Yakima, WA MSA	United States	13.357488 (2023)^[9]	256,643 (2023)^[10]
Yan'an^[314]	China	33.466 (2024)	2,254,650 (2024)
Yancheng^[315]	China	109.232 (2024)	6,680,000 (2024)
Yangzhou^[316]	China	109.660 (2024)	4,585,900 (2024)
Yantai^[317]	China	151.408 (2024)	7,033,700 (2024)
Yerevan	Armenia	5.23 (2018)^[318]	1,500,000 (2020)^[8]
Yichang^[319]	China	86.933 (2024)	3,925,250 (2024)
Yingtan	China	19.438 (2024)^[162]	1,148,350 (2024)^[163]
York	United Kingdom	11.543 (2023)^[6]^[46]	206,780 (2023)^[6]
York-Hanover, PA MSA	United States	27.867147 (2023)^[9]	464,640 (2023)^[10]
Youngstown-Warren-Boardman, OH-PA MSA	United States	26.178157 (2023)^[9]	535,499 (2022)^[10]
Yuba City, CA MSA	United States	9.225272 (2023)^[9]	183,670 (2023)^[10]
Yueyang^[320]	China	72.001 (2024)	4,989,450 (2024)
Yulin^{[citation needed]}	China	105.995 (2024)	3,607,300 (2024)
Yuma, AZ MSA	United States	9.883 (2022)^[9]	208,874 (2022)^[10]
Yuxi^[321]	China	36.257 (2024)	2,265,500 (2024)
Zagazig	Egypt	2.3 (2024)^[16]	380,000 (2024)^[16]
Zagreb metropolitan area	Croatia	30.307 (2022)^[2]	1,187,450 (2022)^[3]
Zaragoza metropolitan area	Spain	37.073 (2023)^[2]	1,011,800 (2026)^[3]
Zhangzhou^[322]	China	85.144 (2024)	5,069,500 (2024)
Zhengzhou^[323]	China	204.054 (2024)	13,047,000 (2024)
Zhenjiang^[324]	China	77.791 (2024)	3,227,000 (2024)
Zhuhai^[325]	China	62.893 (2024)	2,506,300 (2024)
Zhoushan^[326]	China	31.260 (2024)	1,174,500 (2024)
Zhuzhou^[327]	China	54.797 (2024)	3,844,900 (2024)
Zibo^[328]	China	68.580 (2024)	4,655,350 (2024)
Zurich Metropolitan Area	Switzerland	216.392 (2021)^[2]	2,123,236 (2021)^[3]
Zwolle	Netherlands	20.455 (2021)^[2]	377,292 (2021)^[3]

Cities (metropolitan areas) by percentage of national GDP

This table contains only the first metropolitan area from a given country by GDP. Data for metropolitan areas is as in the previous section of this article. Data for countries is from List of countries by GDP (nominal) (IMF). Luxembourg City-Trier is partially in France but only Luxembourg's national GDP is considered.

Metropolitan area	GDP (billion USD)	Country	National GDP (billion USD)	% of national GDP
Valletta	17.603	Malta	19.225	91.563
City of San Marino	1.54	San Marino	1.70	90.872
Luxembourg City-Trier	69.45	Luxembourg	86.90	79.925
Montevideo	53.9	Uruguay	70.165	76.819
Riga	27.156	Latvia	39.469	68.803
Tallinn	22.83	Estonia	38.401	59.452
Tel Aviv	310.00	Israel	527.694	58.746
Manila	274.736	Philippines	487.161	56.395
Taipei	407.838	Taiwan	773.038	52.758
Abidjan	27	Ivory Coast	52.512	51.417
Dublin	272.454	Ireland	531.66	51.246
Bangkok	252.128	Thailand	495.622	50.871
Budapest	86.176	Hungary	177.788	48.471
Karachi	176.2	Pakistan	374.850	47.005
Copenhagen	188.321	Denmark	401.946	46.852
Sofia	39.335	Bulgaria	84.1	46.772
Tbilisi	14.131	Georgia	30.536	46.277
Seoul	850.628	South Korea	1875.388	45.357
Athens	97.486	Greece	214.486	45.486
Helsinki	125.166	Finland	280.462	44.629
Vilnius	30.915	Lithuania	71.134	43.46
Lima	114.400	Peru	266.912	42.861
Zagreb	30.307	Croatia	72.059	42.059
Yerevan	5.23	Armenia	12.458	41.981
Belgrade	25.31	Serbia	62.787	40.311
Baghdad	106.184	Iraq	265.455	40.001
Kuala Lumpur	159.603	Malaysia	399.705	39.930
Colombo	33	Sri Lanka	83.723	39.416
Ljubljana	23.092	Slovenia	59.975	38.503
Prague	115.803	Czech Republic	301.831	38.367
Addis Ababa	61.2	Ethiopia	159.747	38.311
Tokyo	1675	Japan	4435.163	37.766
Buenos Aires	235.6	Argentina	645.511	36.498
Brussels	211.091	Belgium	584.073	36.141
Lisbon	92.003	Portugal	255.398	36.023
Auckland	103.240	New Zealand	278.236	37.102
Casablanca	47.000	Morocco	130.952	35.891
Kabul	6.00	Afghanistan	17.329	34.624
Vienna	165.969	Austria	479.614	34.605
Dubai	190.1	United Arab Emirates	552.325	34.418
Bogotá	121.800	Colombia	363.570	33.501
Johannesburg	134.682	South Africa	406.755	33.111
Stockholm	202.56	Sweden	637.187	31.79
Jakarta	434.389	Indonesia	1396.302	31.110
Paris	896.049	France	2968.405	30.186
Istanbul	398.597	Turkey	1358.251	29.346
Bucharest	79.977	Romania	286.015	27.963
Bratislava	32.338	Slovakia	115.676	27.956
Minsk	19.913	Belarus	71.792	27.737
Nairobi	30	Kenya	108.747	27.587
Cairo	103.6	Egypt	383.105	27.042
Zurich	216.392	Switzerland	814.699	26.561
London	895.916	United Kingdom	3422.072	26.181
Sydney	398.037	Australia	1658.439	24.001
Mexico City	340.8	Mexico	1466.935	23.232
Lagos	102.010	Nigeria	441.632	23.098
Moscow	504.808	Russia	2269.899	22.239
Riyadh	263.893	Saudi Arabia	1,218.585	21.656
Almaty	61.406	Kazakhstan	284.810	21.560
Toronto	435.227	Canada	2190.411	19.870
Madrid	280.939	Spain	1462.216	19.213
Dhaka	85.5	Bangladesh	451.534	18.935
Caracas	70	Venezuela	372.592	18.787
Amsterdam	217.641	Netherlands	1214.562	17.919
Dar es Salaam	10.4	Tanzania	58.797	17.688
Kyiv	27.5	Ukraine	156.579	17.563
Warsaw	117.972	Poland	681.429	17.312
Oslo	83.936	Norway	503.368	16.675
São Paulo	319.300	Brazil	2173.671	14.689
Ho Chi Minh City	60.3	Vietnam	432.981	13.927
Milan	270.171	Italy	2180.657	12.389
Rheinland	461.253	Germany	5048.0	9.22
Mumbai	368	India	3500.906	10.512
New York	2,442.5	United States	29298.025	8.34
Shanghai	795.343	China	19626.247	4.052

Notes

↑ Katowice-Ostrava includes Katowice metropolitan area, Ostrava metropolitan area and Bielsko-Biała metropolitan area.
↑ Tyneside includes Newcastle upon Tyne and the metropolitan boroughs of Gateshead, North Tyneside and South Tyneside.

References

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↑ The GDP data of prefecture-level divisions in Sichuan are from the statistical communiqué on 2020 national economic and social development published by the statistical agencies of prefecture-level divisions, see 2020年四川省各市GDP排名情况出炉：绵阳突破3000亿元. sohu.com. 2 February 2021. Retrieved 24 August 2021.
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1 2 The GDP data of prefecture-level cities in Guangxi are from the statistical communiqué on 2020 national economic and social development published by the statistical agencies of prefecture-level cities, see 2020年广西各市GDP 南宁人均仅排第四梧州突破千亿. sohu.com. 15 April 2021. Retrieved 24 August 2021.
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↑ The GDP data of Guiyang are from the statistical communiqué on 2020 national economic and social development of Guiyang, see 贵阳市2020年国民经济和社会发展统计公报. guiyang.gov.cn. 16 April 2021. Retrieved 26 August 2021.
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↑ The GDP data of prefecture-level divisions in Hubei are from the statistical communiqué on 2020 national economic and social development published by the statistical agencies of prefecture-level divisions, see 2020年湖北省各市GDP排行榜. sohu.com. 11 April 2021. Retrieved 24 August 2021.
↑ The population data of prefecture-level divisions in Hubei are from the Communiqué of the Seventh National Population Census (No. 2) of Hubei, see 湖北省第七次全国人口普查公报（第二号）. hubei.gov.cn. 26 May 2021. Retrieved 24 August 2021.
1 2 3 4 The GDP data of prefecture-level cities in Jiangxi are from the statistical communiqué on 2020 national economic and social development published by the statistical agencies of prefecture-level cities. also see"zh:2020年江西各市GDP排行榜：南昌总量最大赣州增速最高" (Press release). sohu.com. 10 April 2021. Retrieved 24 August 2021.
1 2 3 4 The population data of prefecture-level cities in Jiangxi are from the Communiqué of the Seventh National Population Census (No. 2) of Jiangxi, see 江西省第七次全国人口普查公报（第二号）. Jiangxi.gov.cn. 26 May 2021. Retrieved 24 August 2021.
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↑ (((61/33)^(1/15))^10)*33 and (((33/21)^(1/15))^10)*21.
↑ "Multan". Government of Punjab.
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1 2 "Mumbai". C40 Cities. Retrieved 14 May 2026.
1 2 "München | IKM". deutsche-metropolregionen.org (in German). 6 January 2021. Retrieved 16 May 2026.
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↑ Munene, Evans (13 February 2019). "Launch of the Gross County Product 2019 Report". Kenya National Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 22 March 2019.
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↑ Huang, Yanmei (黄艳梅); Yang, Zhixiong (杨志雄) (25 March 2008). 2007南宁市GDP总量首次突破一千亿元人民币. 中新广西网 (in Simplified Chinese). Archived from the original on 23 July 2015. Retrieved 23 July 2015 – via Xinhua Guangxi.
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↑ "Guăngxī (China): Prefectural Division & Major Cities - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information". www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved 30 May 2023.
↑ The GDP data of prefecture-level cities in Fujian are from the statistical communiqué on 2020 national economic and social development published by the statistical agencies of prefecture-level cities, see 2020年福建各市GDP排名，福州、泉州双双破万亿，厦门暂居第三. sohu.com. 9 April 2021. Retrieved 24 August 2021.
↑ The population data of prefecture-level cities in Fujian are from the Communiqué of the Seventh National Population Census (No. 2) of Fujian, see 福建省第七次全国人口普查公报（第二号）. Fujian.gov.cn. 20 May 2021. Retrieved 24 August 2021.
↑ "Statistical communiqué of Nantong on the 2024 national economic and social development / zh: 2024年南通市国民经济和社会发展统计公报" (Press release). nantong.gov.cn. 3 April 2025. Retrieved 10 April 2025.
↑ "Gross Domestic Product: All Industries in Davidson County, TN". fred.stlouisfed.org. 5 February 2026. Retrieved 23 March 2026.
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↑ "New Bern (Metropolitan Statistical Area, Metropolitan Areas, USA) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location". citypopulation.de. Retrieved 15 February 2024.
↑ "County in the New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA MSA". apps.bea.gov.
↑ "Australia: Agglomerations - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information". citypopulation.de. Retrieved 15 February 2024.
↑ Yoshitsugu Kanemoto. "Metropolitan Employment Area (MEA) Data". Center for Spatial Information Science, The University of Tokyo. Archived from the original on 15 June 2018. Retrieved 29 September 2016.
↑ "Japan: Prefectures and Major Cities - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information". citypopulation.de. Retrieved 15 February 2024.
↑ "zh: 2024年宁波市经济运行情况新闻发布稿" (Press release). ningbo.gov.cn. 21 January 2025. Retrieved 6 March 2024.
↑ "zh:2024年宁德市经济运行情况分析" (Press release). ningde.gov.cn. 26 January 2025. Retrieved 10 April 2025. "zh: 2024年宁德人口" (Press release). ningde.gov.cn. 24 March 2025. Retrieved 10 April 2025.
1 2 "Nordwest | IKM". deutsche-metropolregionen.org (in German). 6 January 2021. Retrieved 16 May 2026.
1 2 "Nürnberg | IKM". deutsche-metropolregionen.org (in German). 6 January 2021. Retrieved 16 May 2026.
↑ The GDP2020 data of Nyingchi are from the statistical communiqué on 2020 national economic and social development of Nyingchi published by Statistics Bureau of Nyingchi City, see 2020年林芝市国民经济和社会发展统计公报. Linzhi.gov.cn. 11 May 2021. Retrieved 24 August 2021.
↑ The population data of Nyingchi are from the Communiqué on major data of the Seventh National Census of Nyingchi, see 林芝市第七次全国人口普查主要数据公报. linzhi.gov.cn. 17 June 2021. Retrieved 24 August 2021.
↑ "Okayama (Japan): Prefecture, Major Cities & Towns - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information". citypopulation.de. Retrieved 15 February 2024.
↑ "Statistical communiqué of Ordos on the 2024 national economic and social development / zh: 鄂尔多斯市2024年国民经济和社会发展统计公报" (Press release). ordos.gov.cn. 3 April 2025. Retrieved 7 April 2025.
↑ "County in the Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA MSA". apps.bea.gov.
1 2 Badan Pusat Statistik Sumatra Barat (2022). Produk Domestik Regional Bruto Kabupaten/kota di Sumatra Barat 2019-2021. Padang: Badan Pusat Statistik.
↑ Badan Pusat Statistik Sumatra Selatan (2022). Produk Domestik Regional Bruto Kabupaten/kota di Sumatra Selatan 2019-2021. Palembang: Badan Pusat Statistik.
↑ "Statistical communiqué of Panjin on the 2024 national economic and social development / zh: 2024年盘锦市国民经济和社会发展统计公报" (Press release). panjin.gov.cn. 2 April 2025. Retrieved 10 April 2025.
↑ For the economic performance of Panzhihua in 2024, refer to "Economic performance of Panzhihua in 2024 / zh: 2024年攀枝花市经济运行情况" (Press release). panzhihua.gov.cn. 10 April 2025. Retrieved 15 April 2024. For the permanent population in 2024, refer to "Sichuan Panzhihua's permanent population has been growing for four consecutive years / zh: 四川攀枝花常住人口连续四年正增长" (Press release). Inner-BAIDU.COM. 28 February 2025. Retrieved 15 April 2024.
↑ "District Domestic Product 2004–05 to 2011–12". Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Department of Planning and Development, Government of Bihar. Retrieved 10 November 2021.
↑ Badan Pusat Statistik Riau (2022). Produk Domestik Regional Bruto Kabupaten/kota di Riau 2019-2021. Pekanbaru: Badan Pusat Statistik.
↑ "Perth (Australia): Statistical Areas of Significant Urban Area - Population Statistics, Charts and Map". citypopulation.de. Retrieved 15 February 2024.
↑ "County in the Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA MSA". apps.bea.gov.
↑ "PIB por Entidad Federativa (PIBE) en 2019, Base 2013" (in Spanish). INEGI. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
↑ "Puebla Agglomeration (Mexico): Localities and Statistical Areas - Population Statistics, Charts and Map". citypopulation.de. Retrieved 15 February 2024.
↑ "Richest Cities Of India". businessworld.in/. Retrieved 13 July 2023.
↑ "Richest Cities Of India". IndiaTimes.com. 22 October 2021. Retrieved 13 July 2023.
↑ Chakravorty, Abhimanyu (13 April 2016). "From Gurgaon to Gurugram: 20 cities that changed their names". The Indian Express. Archived from the original on 30 April 2018. Retrieved 29 April 2018.
↑ "Pune (District, Maharashtra, India) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location". citypopulation.de. Retrieved 15 February 2024.
↑ population 莆田市常住人口319.2万人. putian.gov.cn. March 2025. Retrieved 12 March 2025. economy 2024年12月地区生产总值. putian.gov.cn. 26 January 2025. Retrieved 14 March 2025.
↑ "Statistical communiqué of Qingdao on the 2024 national economic and social development / zh: 2024年青岛市国民经济和社会发展统计公报" (Press release). qingdao.gov.cn. 8 April 2025. Retrieved 10 April 2025.
↑ Quanzhou Economic Indicators "zh: 2024年泉州经济运行稳中提质" (Press release). quanzhou.gov.cn. 26 January 2025. Retrieved 6 March 2025. quanzhou resident population "zh:2024年泉州常住人口净增3.1万人人口总量保持全省首位" (Press release). baijiahao.baidu.com. 28 February 2025. Retrieved 6 March 2024.
↑ "TelluBase—Ecuador Fact Sheet (Tellusant Public Service Series)" (PDF). Tellusant. Retrieved 11 January 2024.
↑ "zh:2024年衢州经济运行情况" (Press release). zjtj.gov.cn. 21 January 2025. Retrieved 6 March 2025.
1 2 "Rhein-Neckar | IKM". deutsche-metropolregionen.org (in German). 22 September 2020. Retrieved 16 May 2026.
↑ "County in the Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA MSA". apps.bea.gov.
1 2 "3218.0 – Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2017-18: Population Estimates by Significant Urban Area, 2008 to 2018". Australian Bureau of Statistics. 27 March 2019. Archived from the original on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 25 October 2019. Estimated resident population, 30 June 2018.
1 2 "Ruhr | IKM". deutsche-metropolregionen.org (in German). 25 January 2021. Retrieved 16 May 2026.
↑ "Валовой региональный продукт по субъектам Российской Федерации в 2016-2021гг". www.rosstat.gov.ru.
↑ "County in the San Diego-Carlsbad, CA MSA". apps.bea.gov.
↑ "County in the San Francisco-Oakland-Berkeley, CA MSA". apps.bea.gov.
↑ "SAN JUAN, PR", datausa.io
↑ "County in the San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA MSA". apps.bea.gov.
1 2 "China: Hénán (Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map". www.citypopulation.de.
↑ "Statistical communiqué of Sanming on the 2024 national economic and social development / zh:三明市2024年国民经济和社会发展统计公报" (Press release). sanming.gov.cn. 9 April 2025. Retrieved 18 April 2025.
↑ "TelluBase—Chile Fact Sheet (Tellusant Public Service Series)" (PDF). Tellusant. Retrieved 11 January 2024.
1 2 TelluBase---Dominican Rep. Fact Sheet (Tellusant Public Service Series) (PDF). Tellusant. Retrieved 11 January 2024.
↑ "Santiago, Dominican Republic Metro Area Population 1950-2024". www.macrotrends.net. Retrieved 4 August 2024.
↑ "Sapporo (City (-shi), Hokkaidō, Japan) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location". www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved 19 February 2024.
↑ Badan Pusat Statistik Jawa Tengah (2022). Produk Domestik Regional Bruto Kabupaten/kota di Jawa Tengah 2019-2021. Semarang: Badan Pusat Statistik.
↑ "経済活動別市内総生産（名目）". May 2018. Retrieved 30 June 2019.
↑ "Sendai (City (-shi), Miyagi, Japan) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location". www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved 19 February 2024.
↑ "Shanghai's GDP tops 5.6 trillion yuan in 2025, fifth largest among world cities", people.cn.
↑ "上海统计年鉴2025". tjj.sh.gov.cn. Retrieved 26 May 2026.
1 2 "Shanghai first Chinese city to top 3 trillion yuan GDP". China Daily. Archived from the original on 20 January 2018. Retrieved 20 January 2018.
↑ "Guăngdōng (China): Prefectural Division & Major Cities - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information". www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved 19 February 2024.
↑ "zh:2024年绍兴经济运行情况" (Press release). shaoxing.gov.cn. 24 January 2025. Retrieved 6 March 2024.
↑ "Statistical communiqué of Shenyang on the 2024 national economic and social development / zh: 沈阳市2024年国民经济和社会发展统计公报" (Press release). shenyang.gov.cn. 23 April 2025. Retrieved 23 April 2025.
↑ "Shenzhen's GDP hits ￥3.87T in 2025, up 5.5%". 5 February 2026. Retrieved 5 February 2026.
↑ shenzhen's economic indicators come from Shenzhen's economic performance in 2024 "Shenzhen's economic performance in 2024 (zh:2024年深圳经济运行情况)" (Press release). shenzhen.gov. 26 January 2025. Retrieved 6 March 2024. The 2024 population data comes from Shenzhen Government Information "At the end of last year, the city's permanent population was 17.9895 million, a year-on-year increase of 1.12% (zh:去年末我市常住人口1798.95万人同比增长1.12%)" (Press release). shenzhen.gov. 21 February 2025. Retrieved 6 March 2024.
↑ "Hébĕi (China): Prefectural Division & Major Cities - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information". www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved 19 February 2024.
↑ The GDP data of Shizuishan are from the statistical communiqué on 2020 national economic and social development of Shizuishan, see 石嘴山市2020年国民经济和社会发展统计公报. sohu.com. 25 May 2021. Retrieved 26 August 2021.
↑ The population data of Shizuishan are from the Communiqué of the Seventh National Population Census (No. 2) of Shizuishan, see 石嘴山市第七次全国人口普查公报（第二号）. shizuishan.gov.cn. 3 June 2021. Retrieved 26 August 2021.
↑ "Japan: Prefectures and Major Cities - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information". www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved 22 February 2024.
↑ The GDP data of Shuozhou are from the statistical communiqué on 2020 national economic and social development of Shuozhou, see 2020年朔州市国民经济和社会发展统计公报. Shuozhou.gov.cn. 3 May 2021. Retrieved 26 August 2021.
↑ The population data of Shuozhou are from the Communiqué of the Seventh National Population Census of Shuozhou, see 朔州市第七次全国人口普查公报. sohu.com. 4 June 2021. Retrieved 26 August 2021.
↑ "County in the St. Louis, MO-IL MSA". apps.bea.gov.
1 2 "Stuttgart | IKM". deutsche-metropolregionen.org (in German). 6 January 2021. Retrieved 16 May 2026.
↑ "3218.0 – Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2017–18: Population Estimates by Significant Urban Area, 2008 to 2018". Australian Bureau of Statistics. 27 March 2019. Archived from the original on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 25 October 2019. Estimated resident population, 30 June 2018.
↑ Badan Pusat Statistik Jawa Timur (2022). Produk Domestik Regional Bruto Kabupaten/kota di Jawa Timur 2019-2021. Surabaya: Badan Pusat Statistik.
1 2 Haritas, Bhragu. "Richest Cities Of India". BW Businessworld. Archived from the original on 2 March 2020. Retrieved 19 April 2020.
1 2 "2025年苏州市国民经济和社会发展统计公报 - 苏州市人民政府". www.suzhou.gov.cn. Retrieved 6 July 2026.
↑ "Taizhong Shi (Special Municipality, Taiwan) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location". www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved 19 February 2024.
↑ "Taiwan: Counties and Cities - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information". www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved 19 February 2024.
↑ "Statistical communiqué of Taiyuan on the 2024 national economic and social development / zh:太原市2024年国民经济和社会发展统计公报" (Press release). taiyuan.gov.cn. 15 April 2025. Retrieved 16 April 2025.
↑ "Statistical communiqué of Taizhou on the 2024 national economic and social development / zh:2024年泰州市国民经济和社会发展统计公报" (Press release). taizhou.gov.cn. 24 March 2025. Retrieved 28 April 2025.
↑ "zh:2024年台州经济运行情况" (Press release). zjtj.gov.cn. 24 January 2025. Retrieved 6 March 2025.
↑ "County in the Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL MSA". apps.bea.gov.
↑ "Hebei sees its first trillion-yuan GDP city / zh:河北迎来首个万亿GDP城市" (Press release). inewsweek.cn. 11 February 2025. Retrieved 21 April 2025. the permanent population of Tangshan in 2024 "permanent population and urbanization rate of Tangshan and its subordinate counties (cities and districts) by the end of 2024 / zh:2024年末（唐山）全市各县（市、区）常住人口和城镇化率". Tangshan.gov.cn. 18 March 2025. Retrieved 21 April 2025.
↑ "რეგიონული სტატისტიკა - საქართველოს სტატისტიკის ეროვნული სამსახური". www.geostat.ge.
↑ "Instead of talking about national economy, we should talk about cities". www.calcalist.co.il. 17 November 2011.
↑ "World Economic Outlook database: October 2023". www.imf.org.
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↑ The average exchange rate of the year was 7.1217 RMB to 1 USD dollar "Statistical communiqué of Tianjin on the 2024 national economic and social development / zh: 2024年天津市国民经济和社会发展统计公报" (Press release). tianjin.gov.cn. 21 March 2025. Retrieved 23 March 2025.
↑ "Tokelau's Gross Domestic Product determined for first time this century". www.tokelau.org.nz.
↑ Final population counts: 2016 Tokelau Census (PDF) (Report). Statistics New Zealand. November 2016. p. 3.
↑ "3218.0 – Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2017–18: Population Estimates by Significant Urban Area, 2008 to 2018". Australian Bureau of Statistics. 27 March 2019. Archived from the original on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 25 October 2019. Estimated resident population, 30 June 2018.
↑ "Statistical communiqué of Urumqi on the 2024 national economic and social development / zh:2024年乌鲁木齐市国民经济和社会发展统计公报" (Press release). urumqi.gov.cn. 23 April 2025. Retrieved 28 April 2025.
↑ "Resident population on 1 January". osp.stat.gov.lt. 22 January 2024.
↑ "Statistical communiqué of Weihai on the 2024 national economic and social development / zh: 威海市2024年国民经济和社会发展统计公报" (Press release). weihai.gov.cn. 14 April 2025. Retrieved 14 April 2025.
↑ "Regional gross domestic product: Year ended March 2022". Statistics New Zealand. 24 March 2023. Retrieved 4 April 2023.
↑ "zh: 2024年温州经济运行情况" (Press release). wenzhou.gov.cn. 24 January 2025. Retrieved 6 March 2025.
↑ "Australia: Agglomerations - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information". www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved 21 February 2024.
↑ For the economic performance of Wuhai in 2024, please refer to "Economic performance of Wuhai in 2024 / zh: 2024年乌海市经济运行情况" (Press release). wuhai.gov.cn. 23 January 2025. Retrieved 14 April 2024.
↑ "Statistical communiqué of Wuhan on the 2024 national economic and social development / zh: 2024年武汉市国民经济和社会发展统计公报" (Press release). wuhan.gov.cn. 3 April 2025. Retrieved 10 April 2025.
↑ "Statistical communiqué of Wuxi on the 2024 national economic and social development / zh:2024年无锡市国民经济和社会发展统计公报" (Press release). wuxi.gov.cn. 28 April 2025. Retrieved 28 April 2025.
↑ "Statistical communiqué of Xi'an on the 2024 national economic and social development / zh: 西安市2024年国民经济和社会发展统计公报" (Press release). xi'an.gov.cn. 15 April 2025. Retrieved 15 April 2025.
↑ Xiamen Economic Indicators "zh: 解读：经济运行稳中向好发展质效持续提升" (Press release). xiamen.gov.cn. 23 January 2025. Retrieved 6 March 2025. Xiamen resident population "zh: 2024年厦门市常住人口达535万人" (Press release). CNR. 5 March 2025. Retrieved 6 March 2024.
↑ "Statistical communiqué of Xiangtan on the 2024 national economic and social development / zh: 2024年湘潭市国民经济和社会发展统计公报" (Press release). xiangtan.gov.cn. 27 March 2025. Retrieved 10 April 2025.
↑ "Statistical communiqué of Xiangyang on the 2024 national economic and social development / zh:襄阳市2024年国民经济和社会发展统计公报" (Press release). xiangyang.gov.cn. 16 April 2025. Retrieved 17 April 2025.
↑ "Statistical communiqué of Xilingol League on the 2024 national economic and social development / zh:锡林郛勒盟2024年国民经济和社会发展统计公报" (Press release). Xilingol.gov.cn. 9 April 2025. Retrieved 11 April 2025.
↑ "Statistical communiqué of Xuzhou on the 2024 national economic and social development / zh: 徐州市2024年国民经济和社会发展统计公报" (Press release). xuzhou.gov.cn. 8 April 2025. Retrieved 14 April 2025.
↑ "zh: Economic performance of Yan'an in 2024" (Press release). yan'an.gov.cn. 31 January 2025. Retrieved 21 April 2025. the permanent population of Yan'an city in 2024 "population profile of Yan'an city / zh:延安市人口简介". yan'an.gov.cn. 26 March 2025. Retrieved 21 April 2025.
↑ "Statistical communiqué of Yancheng on the 2024 national economic and social development / zh: 盐城市2024年国民经济和社会发展统计公报" (Press release). yancheng.gov.cn. 16 April 2025. Retrieved 16 April 2025.
↑ "Statistical communiqué of Yangzhou on the 2024 national economic and social development / zh:2024年扬州市国民经济和社会发展统计公报" (Press release). yangzhou.gov.cn. 1 April 2025. Retrieved 10 April 2025.
↑ "Statistical communiqué of Yantai on the 2024 national economic and social development / zh:2024年烟台市国民经济和社会发展统计公报" (Press release). yangzhou.gov.cn. 9 April 2025. Retrieved 10 April 2025.
↑ "Economy". Yerevan Municipality. Archived from the original on 5 September 2019. Retrieved 28 December 2019.
↑ "Statistical communiqué of Yichang on the 2024 national economic and social development / zh: 宜昌市2024年国民经济和社会发展统计公报" (Press release). yichang.gov.cn. 7 April 2025. Retrieved 14 April 2025.
↑ "Statistical communiqué of Yueyang on the 2024 national economic and social development / zh: 2024年岳阳市国民经济和社会发展统计公报" (Press release). yueyang.gov.cn. 2 April 2025. Retrieved 10 April 2025.
↑ "Statistical communiqué of Yuxi on the 2024 national economic and social development / zh: 2024年玉溪市国民经济和社会发展统计公报" (Press release). yuxi.gov.cn. 17 March 2025. Retrieved 10 April 2025.
↑ "Statistical communiqué of Zhangzhou on the 2024 national economic and social development / zh:zhangzhoushi 2024年漳州市国民经济和社会发展统计公报" (Press release). zhangzhou.gov.cn. 31 March 2025. Retrieved 18 April 2025.
↑ "Statistical communiqué of Zhengzhou on the 2024 national economic and social development / zh: 郑州市2024年国民经济和社会发展统计公报" (Press release). zhengzhou.gov.cn. 15 April 2025. Retrieved 15 April 2025.
↑ "Statistical communiqué of Zhenjiang on the 2024 national economic and social development / zh: 镇江市2024年国民经济和社会发展统计公报" (Press release). zhenjiang.gov.cn. 11 April 2025. Retrieved 11 April 2025.
↑ "zh: 2024年珠海经济运行简况" (Press release). zhuhai.gov.cn. 27 January 2025. Retrieved 10 April 2025. "zh: 2024年珠海市常住人口主要数据公报" (Press release). zhuhai.gov.cn. 3 April 2025. Retrieved 10 April 2025.
↑ "zh: 2024年舟山经济运行情况" (Press release). zhoushan.gov. 26 January 2025. Retrieved 6 March 2024.
↑ "Statistical communiqué of Zhuzhou on the 2024 national economic and social development / zh: 2024年株洲市国民经济和社会发展统计公报" (Press release). zhuzhou.gov.cn. 3 April 2025. Retrieved 10 April 2025.
↑ "Statistical communiqué of Zibo on the 2024 national economic and social development / zh:2024年淄博市国民经济和社会发展统计公报" (Press release). zibo.gov.cn. 7 April 2025. Retrieved 10 April 2025.

[168] Katowice-Ostrava includes Katowice metropolitan area, Ostrava metropolitan area and Bielsko-Biała metropolitan area.

[300] Tyneside includes Newcastle upon Tyne and the metropolitan boroughs of Gateshead, North Tyneside and South Tyneside.

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[SGSEP-2018-13] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 2018-19 est. / SGSEP AUD according to the SGS Economics and Planning tables 1 & 4 (page 10 & 64), Major Cities: Sydney 461.440B, Melbourne 369.439B Brisbane 177.006B Perth 146.880B Adelaide 85.254B Canberra 40.879B Regional Cities: Gold Coast 35.272B Sunshine Coast 18.269B Newcastle 15.281B Hobart 15.062B Cairns 14.164B Townsville 12.003B Geelong 11.540B Toowoomba 9.414B Mackay 8.649B Wollongong 7.438B Rockhampton 7.065B Gladstone 5.904B Ballarat 5.899B Wagga Wagga 5.809B Launceston 5.239B Bendigo 5.239B Orange 4.238B Converted with current exchange rates, using the 11/12/2020 AUD/USD exchange rate used by the IMF 0.7560996952. ie. Sydney AUD461.440B = USD 348.895B

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[nmg-pop-41] 1 2 3 The population data of prefecture-level divisions in Inner Mongolia are from the Communiqué of the Seventh National Population Census published by the statistical agencies of relevant prefecture-level divisions, see 内蒙古各盟市第七次人口普查数据出炉. baidu.com. 20 May 2021. Retrieved 23 August 2021.

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[chengdu2024-72] 1 2 "[Public Notice] 2024 Chengdu National Economic and Social Development Statistical Bulletin". www.chengdu.gov.cn. Retrieved 16 May 2026.

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[daqing-85] For the economic performance of Daqing in 2024, please refer to "Unified accounting results of Daqing's GDP for the whole year of 2024 / zh: 2024年全年大庆市生产总值统一核算结果" (Press release). daqing.gov.cn. 13 March 2025. Retrieved 16 April 2025. Total permanent population at the end of 2024 is 2,663 thousand. source "Daqing Overview / zh:大庆简介" (Press release). daqing.gov. 2025. Retrieved 20 May 2025.; Total permanent population at the end of 2023 is 2,770 thousand. "Statistical communiqué of Daqing on the 2023 national economic and social development / zh:大庆市2023年国民经济和社会发展统计公报" (Press release). daqing.gov.cn. 15 October 2024. Retrieved 16 April 2025.

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[Sichuan-gdp-91] The GDP data of prefecture-level divisions in Sichuan are from the statistical communiqué on 2020 national economic and social development published by the statistical agencies of prefecture-level divisions, see 2020年四川省各市GDP排名情况出炉：绵阳突破3000亿元. sohu.com. 2 February 2021. Retrieved 24 August 2021.

[Sichuan-pop-92] The population data of prefecture-level divisions in Sichuan are from the Communiqué of the Seventh National Population Census (No. 2) of Sichuan, see 四川省第七次全国人口普查公报（第二号）. sichuan.gov.cn. 26 May 2021. Retrieved 24 August 2021.

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[Guangxi-pop-99] The population data of prefecture-level cities in Guangxi are from the Communiqué on major data of the Seventh National Census of Guangxi, see 广西第七次全国人口普查主要数据公报. Guangxi.gov.cn. 13 May 2021. Retrieved 24 August 2021.

[Guangxi-gdp-100] 1 2 The GDP data of prefecture-level cities in Guangxi are from the statistical communiqué on 2020 national economic and social development published by the statistical agencies of prefecture-level cities, see 2020年广西各市GDP 南宁人均仅排第四梧州突破千亿. sohu.com. 15 April 2021. Retrieved 24 August 2021.

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[shanghai2024population-266] "上海统计年鉴2025". tjj.sh.gov.cn. Retrieved 26 May 2026.

[Zhou-2018-267] 1 2 "Shanghai first Chinese city to top 3 trillion yuan GDP". China Daily. Archived from the original on 20 January 2018. Retrieved 20 January 2018.

[268] "Guăngdōng (China): Prefectural Division & Major Cities - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information". www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved 19 February 2024.

[shaoxing-269] "zh:2024年绍兴经济运行情况" (Press release). shaoxing.gov.cn. 24 January 2025. Retrieved 6 March 2024.

[shenyang-270] "Statistical communiqué of Shenyang on the 2024 national economic and social development / zh: 沈阳市2024年国民经济和社会发展统计公报" (Press release). shenyang.gov.cn. 23 April 2025. Retrieved 23 April 2025.

[271] "Shenzhen's GDP hits ￥3.87T in 2025, up 5.5%". 5 February 2026. Retrieved 5 February 2026.

[shenzhen-272] shenzhen's economic indicators come from Shenzhen's economic performance in 2024 "Shenzhen's economic performance in 2024 (zh:2024年深圳经济运行情况)" (Press release). shenzhen.gov. 26 January 2025. Retrieved 6 March 2024. The 2024 population data comes from Shenzhen Government Information "At the end of last year, the city's permanent population was 17.9895 million, a year-on-year increase of 1.12% (zh:去年末我市常住人口1798.95万人同比增长1.12%)" (Press release). shenzhen.gov. 21 February 2025. Retrieved 6 March 2024.

[273] "Hébĕi (China): Prefectural Division & Major Cities - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information". www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved 19 February 2024.

[Shizuishan-gdp-274] The GDP data of Shizuishan are from the statistical communiqué on 2020 national economic and social development of Shizuishan, see 石嘴山市2020年国民经济和社会发展统计公报. sohu.com. 25 May 2021. Retrieved 26 August 2021.

[Shizuishan-pop-275] The population data of Shizuishan are from the Communiqué of the Seventh National Population Census (No. 2) of Shizuishan, see 石嘴山市第七次全国人口普查公报（第二号）. shizuishan.gov.cn. 3 June 2021. Retrieved 26 August 2021.

[276] "Japan: Prefectures and Major Cities - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information". www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved 22 February 2024.

[Shuozhou-gdp-277] The GDP data of Shuozhou are from the statistical communiqué on 2020 national economic and social development of Shuozhou, see 2020年朔州市国民经济和社会发展统计公报. Shuozhou.gov.cn. 3 May 2021. Retrieved 26 August 2021.

[Shuozhou-pop-278] The population data of Shuozhou are from the Communiqué of the Seventh National Population Census of Shuozhou, see 朔州市第七次全国人口普查公报. sohu.com. 4 June 2021. Retrieved 26 August 2021.

[279] "County in the St. Louis, MO-IL MSA". apps.bea.gov.

[Stuttgart2022-280] 1 2 "Stuttgart | IKM". deutsche-metropolregionen.org (in German). 6 January 2021. Retrieved 16 May 2026.

[281] "3218.0 – Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2017–18: Population Estimates by Significant Urban Area, 2008 to 2018". Australian Bureau of Statistics. 27 March 2019. Archived from the original on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 25 October 2019. Estimated resident population, 30 June 2018.

[jawatimur-282] Badan Pusat Statistik Jawa Timur (2022). Produk Domestik Regional Bruto Kabupaten/kota di Jawa Timur 2019-2021. Surabaya: Badan Pusat Statistik.

[Haritas-283] 1 2 Haritas, Bhragu. "Richest Cities Of India". BW Businessworld. Archived from the original on 2 March 2020. Retrieved 19 April 2020.

[suzhou2025-284] 1 2 "2025年苏州市国民经济和社会发展统计公报 - 苏州市人民政府". www.suzhou.gov.cn. Retrieved 6 July 2026.

[285] "Taizhong Shi (Special Municipality, Taiwan) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location". www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved 19 February 2024.

[286] "Taiwan: Counties and Cities - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information". www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved 19 February 2024.

[taiyuan-287] "Statistical communiqué of Taiyuan on the 2024 national economic and social development / zh:太原市2024年国民经济和社会发展统计公报" (Press release). taiyuan.gov.cn. 15 April 2025. Retrieved 16 April 2025.

[taizhou-288] "Statistical communiqué of Taizhou on the 2024 national economic and social development / zh:2024年泰州市国民经济和社会发展统计公报" (Press release). taizhou.gov.cn. 24 March 2025. Retrieved 28 April 2025.

[zjtaizhou-289] "zh:2024年台州经济运行情况" (Press release). zjtj.gov.cn. 24 January 2025. Retrieved 6 March 2025.

[290] "County in the Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL MSA". apps.bea.gov.

[tangshan-291] "Hebei sees its first trillion-yuan GDP city / zh:河北迎来首个万亿GDP城市" (Press release). inewsweek.cn. 11 February 2025. Retrieved 21 April 2025. the permanent population of Tangshan in 2024 "permanent population and urbanization rate of Tangshan and its subordinate counties (cities and districts) by the end of 2024 / zh:2024年末（唐山）全市各县（市、区）常住人口和城镇化率". Tangshan.gov.cn. 18 March 2025. Retrieved 21 April 2025.

[292] "რეგიონული სტატისტიკა - საქართველოს სტატისტიკის ეროვნული სამსახური". www.geostat.ge.

[293] "Instead of talking about national economy, we should talk about cities". www.calcalist.co.il. 17 November 2011.

[294] "World Economic Outlook database: October 2023". www.imf.org.

[295] "LOCALITIES, POPULATION AND DENSITY PER SQ. KM. OF LAND, BY METROPOLITAN AREA(1) AND SELECTED LOCALITIES" (PDF). Central Bureau of Statistics (Israel). 15 September 2022. Retrieved 17 December 2024.

[tianjin-296] The average exchange rate of the year was 7.1217 RMB to 1 USD dollar "Statistical communiqué of Tianjin on the 2024 national economic and social development / zh: 2024年天津市国民经济和社会发展统计公报" (Press release). tianjin.gov.cn. 21 March 2025. Retrieved 23 March 2025.

[297] "Tokelau's Gross Domestic Product determined for first time this century". www.tokelau.org.nz.

[298] Final population counts: 2016 Tokelau Census (PDF) (Report). Statistics New Zealand. November 2016. p. 3.

[299] "3218.0 – Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2017–18: Population Estimates by Significant Urban Area, 2008 to 2018". Australian Bureau of Statistics. 27 March 2019. Archived from the original on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 25 October 2019. Estimated resident population, 30 June 2018.

[urumqi-301] "Statistical communiqué of Urumqi on the 2024 national economic and social development / zh:2024年乌鲁木齐市国民经济和社会发展统计公报" (Press release). urumqi.gov.cn. 23 April 2025. Retrieved 28 April 2025.

[302] "Resident population on 1 January". osp.stat.gov.lt. 22 January 2024.

[weihai-303] "Statistical communiqué of Weihai on the 2024 national economic and social development / zh: 威海市2024年国民经济和社会发展统计公报" (Press release). weihai.gov.cn. 14 April 2025. Retrieved 14 April 2025.

[304] "Regional gross domestic product: Year ended March 2022". Statistics New Zealand. 24 March 2023. Retrieved 4 April 2023.

[wenzhou-305] "zh: 2024年温州经济运行情况" (Press release). wenzhou.gov.cn. 24 January 2025. Retrieved 6 March 2025.

[306] "Australia: Agglomerations - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information". www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved 21 February 2024.

[wuhai-307] For the economic performance of Wuhai in 2024, please refer to "Economic performance of Wuhai in 2024 / zh: 2024年乌海市经济运行情况" (Press release). wuhai.gov.cn. 23 January 2025. Retrieved 14 April 2024.

[wuhan-308] "Statistical communiqué of Wuhan on the 2024 national economic and social development / zh: 2024年武汉市国民经济和社会发展统计公报" (Press release). wuhan.gov.cn. 3 April 2025. Retrieved 10 April 2025.

[wuxi-309] "Statistical communiqué of Wuxi on the 2024 national economic and social development / zh:2024年无锡市国民经济和社会发展统计公报" (Press release). wuxi.gov.cn. 28 April 2025. Retrieved 28 April 2025.

[xi'an-310] "Statistical communiqué of Xi'an on the 2024 national economic and social development / zh: 西安市2024年国民经济和社会发展统计公报" (Press release). xi'an.gov.cn. 15 April 2025. Retrieved 15 April 2025.

[xiamen-311] Xiamen Economic Indicators "zh: 解读：经济运行稳中向好发展质效持续提升" (Press release). xiamen.gov.cn. 23 January 2025. Retrieved 6 March 2025. Xiamen resident population "zh: 2024年厦门市常住人口达535万人" (Press release). CNR. 5 March 2025. Retrieved 6 March 2024.

[xiangtan-312] "Statistical communiqué of Xiangtan on the 2024 national economic and social development / zh: 2024年湘潭市国民经济和社会发展统计公报" (Press release). xiangtan.gov.cn. 27 March 2025. Retrieved 10 April 2025.

[xiangyang-313] "Statistical communiqué of Xiangyang on the 2024 national economic and social development / zh:襄阳市2024年国民经济和社会发展统计公报" (Press release). xiangyang.gov.cn. 16 April 2025. Retrieved 17 April 2025.

[Xilingol-314] "Statistical communiqué of Xilingol League on the 2024 national economic and social development / zh:锡林郛勒盟2024年国民经济和社会发展统计公报" (Press release). Xilingol.gov.cn. 9 April 2025. Retrieved 11 April 2025.

[xuzhou-315] "Statistical communiqué of Xuzhou on the 2024 national economic and social development / zh: 徐州市2024年国民经济和社会发展统计公报" (Press release). xuzhou.gov.cn. 8 April 2025. Retrieved 14 April 2025.

[yan'an-316] "zh: Economic performance of Yan'an in 2024" (Press release). yan'an.gov.cn. 31 January 2025. Retrieved 21 April 2025. the permanent population of Yan'an city in 2024 "population profile of Yan'an city / zh:延安市人口简介". yan'an.gov.cn. 26 March 2025. Retrieved 21 April 2025.

[yancheng-317] "Statistical communiqué of Yancheng on the 2024 national economic and social development / zh: 盐城市2024年国民经济和社会发展统计公报" (Press release). yancheng.gov.cn. 16 April 2025. Retrieved 16 April 2025.

[yangzhou-318] "Statistical communiqué of Yangzhou on the 2024 national economic and social development / zh:2024年扬州市国民经济和社会发展统计公报" (Press release). yangzhou.gov.cn. 1 April 2025. Retrieved 10 April 2025.

[yantai-319] "Statistical communiqué of Yantai on the 2024 national economic and social development / zh:2024年烟台市国民经济和社会发展统计公报" (Press release). yangzhou.gov.cn. 9 April 2025. Retrieved 10 April 2025.

[320] "Economy". Yerevan Municipality. Archived from the original on 5 September 2019. Retrieved 28 December 2019.

[yichang-321] "Statistical communiqué of Yichang on the 2024 national economic and social development / zh: 宜昌市2024年国民经济和社会发展统计公报" (Press release). yichang.gov.cn. 7 April 2025. Retrieved 14 April 2025.

[yueyang-322] "Statistical communiqué of Yueyang on the 2024 national economic and social development / zh: 2024年岳阳市国民经济和社会发展统计公报" (Press release). yueyang.gov.cn. 2 April 2025. Retrieved 10 April 2025.

[yuxi-323] "Statistical communiqué of Yuxi on the 2024 national economic and social development / zh: 2024年玉溪市国民经济和社会发展统计公报" (Press release). yuxi.gov.cn. 17 March 2025. Retrieved 10 April 2025.

[zhangzhou-324] "Statistical communiqué of Zhangzhou on the 2024 national economic and social development / zh:zhangzhoushi 2024年漳州市国民经济和社会发展统计公报" (Press release). zhangzhou.gov.cn. 31 March 2025. Retrieved 18 April 2025.

[zhengzhou-325] "Statistical communiqué of Zhengzhou on the 2024 national economic and social development / zh: 郑州市2024年国民经济和社会发展统计公报" (Press release). zhengzhou.gov.cn. 15 April 2025. Retrieved 15 April 2025.

[zhenjiang-326] "Statistical communiqué of Zhenjiang on the 2024 national economic and social development / zh: 镇江市2024年国民经济和社会发展统计公报" (Press release). zhenjiang.gov.cn. 11 April 2025. Retrieved 11 April 2025.

[zhuhai-327] "zh: 2024年珠海经济运行简况" (Press release). zhuhai.gov.cn. 27 January 2025. Retrieved 10 April 2025. "zh: 2024年珠海市常住人口主要数据公报" (Press release). zhuhai.gov.cn. 3 April 2025. Retrieved 10 April 2025.

[zhoushan-328] "zh: 2024年舟山经济运行情况" (Press release). zhoushan.gov. 26 January 2025. Retrieved 6 March 2024.

[zhuzhou-329] "Statistical communiqué of Zhuzhou on the 2024 national economic and social development / zh: 2024年株洲市国民经济和社会发展统计公报" (Press release). zhuzhou.gov.cn. 3 April 2025. Retrieved 10 April 2025.

[zibo-330] "Statistical communiqué of Zibo on the 2024 national economic and social development / zh:2024年淄博市国民经济和社会发展统计公报" (Press release). zibo.gov.cn. 7 April 2025. Retrieved 10 April 2025.

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List

Cities (metropolitan areas) by percentage of national GDP

See also

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References