Kenya

Kenya

sovereign state, country

Inception	1963
Official name	Republic of Kenya
Native label	Republic of Kenya
Named after	Mount Kenya
Official language	Oluswayiri, Lungereza
Anthem	Ee Mungu Nguvu Yetu
Culture	culture of Kenya
Motto	Harambee
Motto text	Magical Kenya, Cenia Lledrithiol
Continent	Afirika
Egwanga	Kenya
Capital	Nairobi
Located in time zone	UTC+03:00, Africa/Nairobi
Located in/on physical feature	East Africa
Coordinate location	0°6′0″N 38°0′0″E
Coordinates of geographic center	0°1′25″N 37°54′22″E
Coordinates of easternmost point	3°58′59″N 41°54′24″E
Coordinates of northernmost point	5°30′0″N 35°19′12″E
Coordinates of southernmost point	4°40′46″S 39°13′6″E
Coordinates of westernmost point	0°5′10″N 33°56′40″E
Highest point	Mount Kenya
Lowest point	Indian Ocean
Office held by head of state	President of Kenya
Head of state	William Ruto
Office held by head of government	President of Kenya
Head of government	William Ruto
Executive body	Government of Kenya
Legislative body	Parliament of Kenya
Central bank	Central Bank of Kenya
Currency	Kenyan shilling
Twinned administrative body	Cheltenham
Driving side	left
Electrical plug type	BS 1363
Replaces	Kenya (1963–1964)
Significant event	Independence of Kenya
Official website	http://www.president.go.ke
Hashtag	Kenya, kenya
Top-level Internet domain	.ke
Flag	flag of Kenya
Coat of arms	coat of arms of Kenya
Geography of topic	Geography of Kenya
Has characteristic	partly free country
History of topic	history of Kenya
Railway traffic side	left
Open data portal	Kenya open data
Economy of topic	economy of Kenya
Demographics of topic	demographics of Kenya
Commonwealth Sport country code	KEN
Mobile country code	639
Telephone country code	+254
Trunk prefix	0
Emergency phone number	112, 999
GS1 country code	616
Vehicle registration plate code	EAK
Maritime identification digits	634
Unicode character	🇰🇪
Category for maps or plans	Category:Maps of Kenya

 

 From Wikidata

Kenya, mu butongole Republic of Kenya,[b] nsi esangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa. N’omuwendo gw’abantu abateeberezebwa okuba nga basukka mu bukadde 53.3 mu makkati ga 2025, Kenya ekwata kifo kya 27 mu mawanga agasinga abantu abangi mu nsi yonna ate mu Afirika ekwata kya musanvu. Ekibuga ekikulu era ekisinga obunene mu Kenya ye Nairobi. Ekibuga eky’okubiri mu bunene era ekisinga obukadde mu Kenya ye Mombasa, ekibuga ky’omwalo ekisangibwa ku kizinga kya Mombasa. Ebibuga ebirala ebikulu mu Kenya mulimu Kisumu, Nakuru ne Eldoret. Ng'odda ku kkono, Kenya eriraanye South Sudan mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Ethiopia mu Bukiikakkono, Somalia mu Buvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, Tanzania mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba, n'Ennyanja Nnalubaale eya Uganda mu Bugwanjuba. Ebyafaayo byayo, embeera y'obudde n'abantu byawukana. Mu masaza agali mu kiwonvu kya Rift Valley, ebyafaayo birimu obunnyogovu, ensozi ezirimu omuzira (nga Batian, Nelion ne Point Lenana ku Lusozi Kenya) nga ziriraanye ebibira, ebisolo by'omu nsiko, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Mu bitundu ebirala mulimu ebyafaayo by'ekyeya, ekyeya, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Ebyafaayo byayo, embeera y'obudde n'abantu byawukana. Mu masaza agali mu kiwonvu kya Rift Valley, ebyafaayo birimu obunnyogovu, ensozi ezirimu omuzira (nga Batian, Nelion, ne Point Lenana ku Lusozi Kenya) nga ziriraanye ebibira, ebisolo by'omunsiko, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero.

Abantu abaasooka okubeera mu Kenya mwalimu abamu ku bantu abaasooka okuva mu bajjajja baabwe ab'ekika kya Homo. Obujulizi bungi obw'ebisigalira by'ebintu ebyo ebikwata ku byafaayo by'obulamu bw'abantu buzuuliddwa mu Koobi Fora. Oluvannyuma, Kenya yabeeramu abayizzi era nga bano be baasooka okubeera mu Kenya ng'abantu ba Hadza mu kaseera kano. Okusinziira ku kunoonyereza kw'ebyafaayo ebikwata ku bintu ebyakozesebwanga n'ebisigalira by'amagumba, aboogezi b'Olucusha be baasooka okubeera mu kitundu kino eky'ettale wakati w'omwaka gwa 3,200 ne 1,300 BC, ekiseera ekimanyiddwa nga Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic. Abalunzi aboogera Olunilotic (abazadde b'aboogezi b'Olunilotic mu Kenya) baatandika okuva mu South Sudan ey'omu kiseera kino okudda mu Kenya awo nga mu mwaka gwa 500 BC. Abantu aboogera ennimi ez’ekibantu baasenga ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ne mu bitundu by’omunda wakati w’omwaka 250 BC ne 500 AD. Okukwatagana kw’Abazungu kwatandika mu 1500 AD n’Obwakabaka bwa Portugal, era okufuga Kenya okw’omulembe kwatandika mu kyasa ekya 19 mu kiseera ky’okulambula kw’Abazungu mu Afirika. Kenya ey’omulembe yava mu bukulembeze bwa matwaale, obwatandikibwawo Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza mu 1895, era Kenya ey'etwaale yatandiika mu 1920. Mombasa kye kyali ekibuga eky'etwaale ly'Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza. nga mulimu ebisinga obungi ku ebyo ebiri mu Kenya leero ne mu BukiikaddyobwObugwanjuba bwa Somalia, okuva mu 1889 okutuuka mu 1907. Obutakkaanya wakati wa Bungereza n'ekitundu ekyo kyaviirako okutandikawo ekibiina kya Mau Mau, ekyatandika mu 1952, era n'okulangirira obwetwaze bwa Kenya mu 1963. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze, Kenya yasigala nga memba mu Commonwealth of Nations.

Kenya ggwanga elikulemberwa Pulezidenti ng'ono alondebwa bulondebwa saako n'ababaka abalondebwa okukiikirira abantu era pulezidenti y'akulira gavumenti. Eggwanga lino mmemba mu bitongole eby'enjawulo ebiwerako nga eky'amawanga amagatte ekya United Nations, Commonwealth, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, World Trade Organization, COMESA, International Criminal Court, awamu ne bitongole ebirala bingi eby’ensi yonna. Era lye limu ku mawanga agasinga obunene mu East ne Central Africa, nga Nairobi ekola ng’ekibuga ekikulu eky’obusuubuzi mu kitundu. Nga buli muntu alina ebyenfuna bya ddoola 2,110, eggwanga liri mu byenfuna bya wansi. Obulimi n'obulunzi bye bisinga okuwagira eby'enfuna by'eggwanga; eby'okunywa nga kyayi ne kaawa bye birime eby'ennono eby'okutunda, so ng'ate ebimuli byo byeisinga okukula naddala mu kubitunda ebweru w'eggwanga. Ekitongole ky'obuweereza, naddala eby'obulambuzi, nakyo kimu ku bintu ebisinga okukulaakulanya eby'enfuna by'eggwanga. Kenya mmemba mu East African Community trade bloc, wadde ng'ebitongole ebimu eby'ensi yonna ebikola ku by'obusuubuzi bigitwala ng'emu ku nsi eziri mu Greater Horn of Africa. Afirika ye katale akaasinga obunene mu Kenya, nga kakulembeddwamu Omukago gwa Bulaaya.

Ennyanjula

Republic of Kenya erinnya lyayo liva ku lusozi Kenya. Erinnya eryasooka okuwandiikibwa mu kyasa kya 19 lyali "Kĩ-Nyaa" oba "Kĩlĩma- Kĩinyaa", ob'olyawo kubanga enkula y'olwazi oluddugavu n'omuzira ku ntikko zaalwo zaamujjukiza ebyoya bya maaya ensajja. Mu lulimi lw'Abakikuyu olw'edda, ekigambo 'nyaga' oba nga bwe kitera okukozesebwa 'manyaganyaga' kikozesebwa okunnyonnyola ekintu ekyaka ennyo. Abagikuyu, ababeera mu bisulo bya Mt. Kenya, bakiyita Kĩrĩma Kĩrĩnyaga (mu bujjuvu 'olusozi olwaka ennyo') mu lulimi lw'Abakikuyu, so ng'ate Abembu bakiyita "Ki-nyaga" oba Kirima Kinyaga. Amannya gano gonna gasatu galina amakulu ge gamu.

Ludwig Krapf yawandiika erinnya nga Kenia ne Kegnia. Abamu bagambye nti kino kyali kiwandiiko ekituufu eky’eddoboozi lya Afirika /ˈkɛnjə/. Mmaapu eyakubibwa mu 1882 nga yakubibwa Joseph Thompsons, munnassaayansi Omusikooti era omunoonyereza ku butonde, yalaga Mt. Kenya nga Mt. Kenia. Erinnya ly'olusozi ly'akkirizibwa, pars pro toto, ng'erinnya ly'eggwanga. Teryakozesebwa nnyo mu biseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, eggwanga bwe lyali liyitibwa East African Protectorate. Erinnya ly'eggwanga lyakyusibwa ne lifuuka Ettwaale lya Kenya mu 1920.

Ebyafaayo

Ebyafaayo aby'edda

Ebika bya Hominid, gamba nga Homo habilis (fl. 1.8 okutuuka ku myaka obukadde 2.5 emabega) ne Homo erectus (fl. obukadde 1.9 okutuuka ku myaka 350,000 emabega), oboolyawo bajjajja ba Homo sapiens ow'omulembe guno, baali babeera mu Kenya mu kiseera kya Pleistocene. East Africa, omuli ne Kenya, y'emu ku bitundu ebisinga okuba eby'edda gye balowooza nti abantu ab'omulembe guno (Homo sapiens) baabeeranga. Mu 1984, mu kiseera ky'okuziikuula eby'edda ku Nnyanja Turkana, munnabyafaayo Richard Leakey, ng'ayambibwako Kamoya Kimeu, yazuula Omulenzi w'e Turkana, ekiwuduwudu kya Homo erectus eky'emyaka obukadde 1.6. East Africa, nga mw'otwalidde ne Kenya, y'emu ku bitundu ebyasooka abantu ab'omulembe (Homo sapiens) gye bateebereza okuba nga baabeerangamu. Obujulizi obulala obukwata ku byafaayo bya Kenya eby'edda byazuulibwa mu 2018, nga muno mwe muli okweyoleka kw'ebikolwa eby'omulembe, omuli okusuubulagana okw'ewala (okwali kuzingiramu ebyamaguzi nga obsidian), okukozesa langi ez'enjawulo, era oboolyawo n'okukola obusaale obukubibwa, emyaka nga 320,000 egiyise. Abawandiisi b'okunoonyereza kwa mirundi esatu okwakolebwa mu 2018 ku kifo kino bagamba nti ebikolwa eby’ekikugu era eby’omulembe byali byatandika dda mu Afirika awo nga mu kiseera eky’okweyoleka kwa Homo sapiens.

Abantu abaasooka okubeera mu Kenya eya leero baali bajjajja abayizzi era abakunguzi, abafaanana n’aboogera Olukhoisan olw’omulembe guno. Oluvannyuma beegattibwako abayizzi era abakunguzi ab’omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotic, gamba nga Abaogiek, abaateekawo enkolagana ey’amaanyi era ey’obuwangwa mu bibira by’omu nsozi ebbanga ddene nga abantu abalala abasenguka tebannatuuka. Abantu bano oluvannyuma baasikizibwa abalimi era abalunzi abava mu Cushitic (abazadde b'abo aboogera Olucushitic mu Kenya), abaava mu Kkono lya Afirika. Mu kiseera ekya mu Holocene, embeera y'obudde mu kitundu kino yakyuka okuva mu mbeera ey'ekyeya okudda mu mbeera ey'obunnyogovu. Kino kyawa omukisa okukulaakulanya obuwangwa nga obulimi n'okulunda mu mbeera ennungi.

Abalunzi aboogera Olunilotic baatandika okusengukira mu Kenya okuva mu Nile Valley ne Ethiopian Highlands nga bukyali nga mu 2000 BC. Abaasooka okutuuka baali Southern Nilotes (abajjajja b’Abakalenjin), nga baddirirwa amayengo g’Abanilotic ab’Ebuvanjuba n’ab’Ebugwanjuba. Leero, amawanga g'Abanilotic mu ggwanga mulimu Abakalenjin, Abasamburu, Abaluo, Abaturkana, Abamasaai n'abalala.

Mu kyasa ekyasooka AD, abalimi aboogera Olubantu baali basenguse ne bayingira mu kitundu ekyo, mu kusooka ku lubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya. Abantu aboogera Olubantu baali bavudde mu Bugwanjuba bwa Africa okwetooloola Omugga Benue mu kifo ekiri kati mu Buvanjuba bwa Nigeria ne mu Bugwanjuba bwa Cameroon. Okusenguka kw'Abantu kwaleeta enkulaakulana empya mu byobulimi n'okukola ebyuma mu kitundu ekyo.[1] Leero, ebibinja by'Abantu mu ggwanga mwe muli Kikuyu, Luhya, Kamba, Kisii, Meru, Kuria, Aembu, Ambeere, Wadawida-Watuweta, Wapokomo, ne Mijikenda, n'ebirala bingi.

Ebifo ebikulu eby'edda ennyo mu Kenya mulimu ekifo (ekiyinza okuba nga kyekuusa ku bya ssaayansi ne kubala emmunyeenye) Namoratunga ku luuyi lw'eBugwanjuba olw'Ennyanja Turkana ne kibuga Thimlich Ohinga mu Kaunti ya Migori.

Ekiseera ky'obusuubuzi bwa Swahili.

Olubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya lwali amaka g'abantu abaweesa ebyuma n'abalimi Ababantu abalima emmere ey'okulya awaka, abayizzi, n'abavubi abawangiranga eby'enfuna by'ekitundu nga bayita mu bulimi, obuvubi, okuweesa ebyuma, n'okusuubulagana n'amawanga ag'ebweru. Ebitundu bino bye byakola ebibuga ebyasooka mu kitundu kino, ebyali bimanyiddwa nga Azania.Abantu Abaswayiri baali ba mawanga ag’enjawulo mu Afirika ne Asia (naddala Persia) nga ebyava mu ndagabutonde bwe byalaga.

Mu kyasa ekyasooka CE, ebisinga obungi ku bibuga n'obwakabaka obw'omu kitundu ekyo, gamba nga Mombasa, Malindi, ne Zanzibar, byatandika okussaawo enkolagana ey'obusuubuzi n'Abawalabu. Kino kyaviirako enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna mu mawanga ga Swahili, okuleetawo Obusiraamu, engeri Abawalabu gye baakosaamu olulimi lwa Swahili, okusaasaanya ebyobuwangwa, awamu n'ebibuga n'obwakabaka obw'omu kitundu ekyo okufuuka abantu abali mu kibiina ekinene eky'obusuubuzi. Bannabyafaayo bangi baali bamaze ebbanga nga bakkiriza nti ebibuga byali bitandikiddwawo abasuubuzi Abawalabu oba Abaperusi, naye obujulizi bw'ebyafaayo buviiriddeko abayivu okutegeera ebibuga ng'ekintu ekyava mu ggwanga eryo era wadde nga lyakosebwa nnyo abasuubuzi olw'okusuubulagana, lyasigala nga lirina ebyobuwangwa by'Ababantu.

Ebiwandiiko ebisinga obukadde ebyawandiikibwa mu biseera ebyo. Okugeza, waliwo ekiwandiiko ekya ddewo mu Msikiti wa Pwani mu Lamu nga kirina ebiseera bya 1370 oba 1371 AD (772 AH). Ebyafaayo bino eby'edda nga tebannaba kufugibwa Bazungu byawandiikibwa mu lulimi Oluwalabu naye nga birimu ebigambo by'Oluswayiri, nga bwe kiragibwa mu kiwandiiko eky'omu 1462 AD (866 AH) eky'okuziika Mwana wa Bwana binti Mwidani ku Kizinga ky'e Mombasa.

Obwakabaka bwa Kilwa Sultanate bwali bwakabaka obwaliwo mu biseera eby'edda nga businga kubeera mu Kilwa, mu Tanzania ow'omulembe guno. Obuyinza bwabwo bwe bwali businga obunene, obuyinza bwabwo bwali busukka mu buwanvu bwonna obw'olubalama lw'ennyanja Swahili, omwo nga mwe muli ne Kenya. Okutandika mu kyasa eky'ekkumi, abafuzi b'omu Kilwa baali bagenda kuzimba emizikiti egy'ebbeeyi era batandikewo n'ensimbi ez'ekikomo.

Oluswayiri, olulimi olw'abantu abava mu lubu lw'aba Bantu abalina ebigambo by'Olwalabu, Oluperusi, n'ebigambo ebirala eby'omu Buwalabu ow'omu Masekkati ne South Asia, oluvannyuma olwakulaakulanyizibwa ng'olulimi olwogerwa mu by'obusuubuzi wakati w'abantu ab'enjawulo.Okuva ku ntandikwa y'ekyasa ekya 20, Oluswayiri era lwakulaakulanya ebigambo bingi n'ebigambo ebirala ebiva mu Lungereza, bingi ku byo nga byava mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale g'Abangereza.

Abapotigo abasookawo

Abaswayiri baazimba Mombasa ne bagifuula ekibuga eky'omwalo ekikulu ne batandikawo enkolagana y'ebyobusuubuzi n'ebibuga ebirala ebiri okumpi, wamu n'ebifo by'ebyobusuubuzi mu Persia, Arabia, ne India. Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'etaano, omuvuzi w'eryato Omupotugo Duarte Barbosa yawandiika nti "Mombasa kifo kya bizinensi nnyingi era kirina omwalo omulungi ogubeeramu amaato amatono aga buli ngeri era n'amaato amanene, byombi ebiva e Sofala n'ebirala ebiva e Cambay ne Melinde n'ebirala ebisala okugenda ku kizinga Zanzibar."

Ekibuga ekikulu ekiri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya ye Malindi. Kibadde kifo kikulu eky'Abaswayiri okuva mu kyasa 14, era ekibuga kino lumu kyavuganya ne Mombasa mu kufuga ekitundu kya African Great Lakes. Malindi okuviira ddala mu byafaayo ebadde ekibuga ekirimu omukwano eri amawanga ag'ebweru. Mu 1414, omusuubuzi era omunoonyereza Omuchina Zheng He, ng'akiikirira Obwakabaka bwa Ming, yalambula olubalama lw'ennyanja y'omu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika ku emu ku ŋŋendo ze ez'okunoonya eby'obugagga. Malindi era y'ayaniriza omunoonyerezi Omupotugo Vasco da Gama mu 1498.

Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'omusanvu, olubalama lw'ennyanja Swahili lwa wambibwa Abawalabu aba Omani, abaagaziya okusuubula abaddu okusobola okutuukiriza eby'etaago by'ennimiro mu Oman ne Zanzibar. Mu kusooka, abasuubuzi bano baali basinga kuva Oman, naye oluvannyuma bangi baava Zanzibar (gamba nga Tippu Tip). Okugatta ku ekyo, Abapotigo baatandika okugula abaddu okuva mu basuubuzi Abawalabu aba Omani ne Zanzibar mu kwanukula okutaataaganyizibwa okwaleetebwa Abangereza abaali bawakanya okusuubula abaddu.

Ekyaasa ekya 18 ne 19

Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'omunaana n'eky'ekkumin'omwenda, abantu Abamasai baasengukira mu bitundu bya Kenya eby'omu Masekkati n'eby'omu Bukiikaddyo bw'ekiwonvu, nga bava mu kitundu ekiri mu Bukiikakkono bw'Ennyanja Rudolf (kati Ennyanja Turkana). Wadde nga baali batono, baasobola okuwamba ettaka ddene mu bitundu ebyo, abantu gye batalwaana nnyo oba okuwalira. Abantu b'omu Nandi baasobola okuziyiza Abamasai, so ng'ate abantu b'omu Taveta baddukira mu bibira ebiri ku luuyi lw'eBuvanjuba olw'Olusozi Kilimanjaro, wadde nga oluvannyuma baawalirizibwa okuva ku ttaka olw'okutiisibwatiisibwa okuleetebwa obulwadde bwa kawumpuli. Okubalukawo kw'ekimu ku bino; eddwadde z'ebisolo (rinderpest) oba endwadde z'amawuggwe (pleuropneumonia) kwakosa nnyo ente z'Abamasai, so ng'ate ekirwadde kya kawumpuli kyakosa nnyo Abamasai b'ennyini. Oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwa Masai Mbatian, omukulu laibon (omusawo w'ekinnansi), Abamasai baayawukana ne batandiika okulwanagana. Abamasai baaleetawo obukuubagano bungi mu bitundu bye baawambanga; wadde kyali kityo, waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja nga abantu ba Luo, abantu ba Luhya, n'abantu ba Gusii. Enkolagana eno yeeyolekera mu bigambo ebifaanagana ebikozesebwa ku bintu eby'omulembe n'enkola z'ebyenfuna ezifaanagana.[1] Wadde nga abasuubuzi Abawalabu baasigala mu kitundu ekyo, emikutu gy'obusuubuzi gyataataaganyizibwa Abamasai ab'obulabe, wadde nga waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja nga abantu ba Luo, abantu ba Luhya, n'abantu ba Gusii. Enkolagana eno yeeyolekera mu bigambo ebifaanagana ebikozesebwa ku bintu eby'omulembe n'enkola z'ebyenfuna ezifaanagana. Wadde nga abasuubuzi Abawalabu baasigala mu kitundu ekyo, emikutu gy'obusuubuzi gyataataaganyizibwa Abamasai ab'obulabe, wadde nga waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja bino ebyaali byeyawudde nga basuubuligana naddala amasanga.

Abagwira abaasooka okuyita ku Masai be Johann Ludwig Krapf ne Johannes Rebmann, abaminsani Abagirimaani babiri abaateekawo omulimu mu Rabai, si kya wala nnyo okuva e Mombasa. Ababiri bano be abasooka okulaba Olusozi Kenya.

Etwaale lya Bugirimaani (1885-1890)

Obwakabaka bwa Bugirimaani bwassaawo obukuumi ku by'obugagga Sultan wa Zanzibar bye yali alina ku mwalo mu 1885, nga kino ky'agobererwa okutuuka kw'ekitongole Imperial British East Africa Company mu 1888. Okuvuganya kw'amatwale kwaziyizibwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa eya Heligoland–Zanzibar Treaty, kale Bugirimaani n'ewaayo ebifo byayo eby'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja eri Bungereza mu 1890.

Olutalo lw'aba Nandi (1890-1906)

Olutalo lw'aba Nandi (1890–1906), era lumanyiddwa nga Olutalo lwa Kalenjin, kwe kwali okulwana okwasinga okumala ebbanga eddene mu okuzimba obufuzi bw'amatwale mu East Africa. Okumala emyaka nga 20, abantu ba Nandi ne Kipsigis—nga bakulemberwa Orkoiyot Koitalel Arap Samoei baalwanirira ettaka lyabwe mu bitundu by'ebugwanjuba ebirimu ensozi mu Kenya's Rift Valley. Nga bakozesa olutalo olw'ekiyekera n'okusaanyaawo okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka eya Uganda, baasobola okulemesa obukulembeze bw'Abangereza okumala emyaka egisukka mu abiri.

Newankubadde waaliwo "okulumba okw'okubonereza abagyeemu," Abangereza baali tebasobola kutuuka ku buwanguzi obwa bulijjo mu by'amagye ku balwanyi Abakalenjin. Olutalo lw'akomekkerezebwa oluvannyuma lw'okuyita mu bbago lya Treachery nga 19 Ogwomwenda, 1905, nga Colonel Richard Meinertzhagen yasendasenda Samoei okugenda mu lukiiko olwali lugendereddwamu okuleetawo emirembe naye n'amutta. Oluvannyuma lw'ekyo, omulambo gwa Samoei gwatemwako omutwe era omutwe gwe gwatwalibwa e London ng'ekijjukizo ky'amatwale, nga kino kyali kikomo ku bulumbaganyi bw'amaggye obw'obukambwe obwakolebwa Abakalenjin era ne kisobozesa Abangereza okuteekawo obukulembeze mu kitundu ekyo.

British Kenya (1888-1962)

Okuskyusibwa okuva e Bugirimaani okudda e Bungereza kwaddirirwa okuzimba egaali y'omuka eya Uganda Railway ng'eyita mu ggwanga.

Okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka kwawakanyizibwa ebika by'abantu ebimu—nga bwe kiri ku Nandi, eyakulemberwa Orkoiyot Koitalel Arap Samoei okuva mu 1890 okutuuka mu 1900—naye Abangereza oluvannyuma baaluzimba. Aba Nandi be baali ekika ky'abantu ekyasooka okuteekebwa mu kkuumiro ly'abantu ab'obuwangwa okubalemesa okutaataaganya okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka.

Mu kiseera ky'okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka, waaliwo okuleeta abakozi Abayindi, abaawa omulimu omunene ogw'abakozi abakugu abaali beetaagibwa mu kuzimba. Bano n'abasinga obungi ku bazzukulu baabwe oluvannyuma baasigala mu Kenya era ne bafuuka omutima gw'ebitundu by'Abayindi eby'enjawulo, gamba ng'ekitundu ky'Abayindi Abasiraamu Abaismaili n'Abasikh. Wadde nga baazimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka okuyita mu Tsavo, abasinga obungi ku bakozi b'eggaali y'omukka Abayindi n'abakozi b'eggaali y'omukka Abafirika baalumbibwa empologoma bbiri ezaali zimanyiddwa nga empologoma ezaali zimanyiddwa nga Tsavo maneaters.

Mu kiseera eky'okubalukawo kw'olutalo lwa Ssematalo eyasooka mu Gwomunaana 1914, ba gavana b'amatwale ga Bungereza mu East Africa (nga bwe kyali kimanyiddwa mu kiseera ekyo) ne German East Africa mu kusooka bakkiriziganya okussaawo emirembe nga bagezaako okukuuma amatwale amatono obutayingira mu lutalo. Naye Lieutenant Colonel Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck, omuduumizi w'amagye ga Bugirimaani, yasalawo okusiba nga bwe kisoboka eby'obugagga bya Bungereza. Nga yeeyawudde ddala ku Bugirimaani, Lettow-Vorbeck yakola kakuyege ow’amaanyi mu lutalo lw’abayeekera, nga beeyimirizaawo ku ttaka, nga bakwata eby'okulwanyisa bya Bungereza, era nebasigala nga tebawangulwanga. Oluvannyuma yawangangusibwa mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono (leero Zambia) oluvannyuma lw’ennaku 14 oluvannyuma lw’endagaano ey’okukomya olutalo okuteekebwako omukono mu 1918.

Okugoba von Lettow, Abangereza baasindika amagye ga British Indian Army okuva e Buyindi naye nga beetaaga abasituzi b'ebintu abangi okusobola okuvvuunuka obuzibu obw'amaanyi obw'okutambuza ebintu okutuuka ewala mu bitundu by'omunda nga bakozesa bigere. Ekitongole kya Carrier Corps kyatondebwawo era oluvannyuma kyasobola okukunga abantu abasukka mu 400,000 okuva mu Afirika, ekyaviirako okwongera okwenyigira mu by'obufuzi.

Mu 1920, East Africa Protectorate yafuulibwa ettwale era n'eddamu okuyitibwa Kenya oluvannyuma lw'olusozi lwaayo olusingayo obuwanvu.

Mu kitundu ekisooka eky'ekyasa ekya 20, ekitundu eky'omunda mu nsozi eziri wakati, kyali kibeeramu abalimi Abangereza n'abalimi abalala okuva mu Bulaaya, abaafuuka abagagga nga balima emmwanyi n'amajaani. Ekifaananyi ekimu eky'ekiseera kino eky'enkyukakyuka okuva ku ndowooza y'omufuzi w'amatwale kisangibwa mu kitabo ekiyitibwa Out of Africa ekyawandiikibwa omuwandiisi Omudanish Baroness Karen von Blixen-Finecke, ekyakubibwa mu 1937. Omwaka gwa 1930 we gwatuukira, abantu abeeru nga 30,000 baali babeera mu kitundu ekyo era baafuna eddoboozi ery'ebyobufuzi olw'obuyambi bwe baawa mu by'enfuna.

Ebitundu by'ensozi byali bifuuse maka eri abantu abasoba mu kakadde ab’ekika kya Kikuyu, ng’abasinga ku bo tebaalina ttaka mu ngeri y’Abazungu era baabeeranga mu kulunda okw’okutambula. Okusobola okukuuma ebyetaago byabwe, abasenze baawera okulima emmwanyi era ne batandikawo omusolo gw’amayumba, era abatalina ttaka baaweebwa ettaka ttono ddala nga basasulwa olw'emirimu gyabwe gye baali babakolera. Abantu bangi nnyo baasengukira mu bibuga olw’okuba obusobozi bwabwe obw’okweyimirizaawo nga bakozesa ettaka bwakendeera. Omwaka gwa 1950 we gwatuukira, waaliwo abasenze abazungu 80,000 abaali babeera mu Kenya.

Okuyita mu Ssematalo II, Kenya yali nsibuko nkulu ey'abaserikale abatwalibwa okulwana mu lutalo n'ebyobulimi eri Bungereza. Kenya y'ennyini ye yali ekifo eky'okulwaniramu wakati w'amaanyi ag'omukago n'eggye lya Italy mu 1940–41, amagye ga Italy bwe gaalumba. Wajir ne Malindi nabyo byakubwa bbomu.

Okubalukawo kwa Mau Mau

Okuva mu Gwekkumi 1952 okutuuka mu Gwekkumineebiri 1959, Kenya yali mu mbeera ey’akatyabaga nga kino ky'avaamu olutalo lw'obuyeekera olwa Mau Mau okulwanyisa obufuzi bw’Abangereza. Aba Mau Mau, era abamanyiddwa nga Kenya Land and Freedom Army, baali basinga kubeera Bantu ab’omu Kikuyu, Embu ne Meru. Mu kiseera ky'okunyigirizibwa kw'obufuzi bw'amatwale, abalwanyi abasukka mu 11,000 baali battiddwa, awamu n'abajaasi 100 Abangereza n'abajaasi 2,000 Abakenya abeesigwa. Emisango gy'entalo gyakolebwa ku njuyi zombi ez'olutalo, omuli okutta abantu mu lujjudde okwali mu Lari ne mu Hola. Gavana yasaba era n'afuna amagye ga Bungereza n'aga Afirika, omwo nga mwe muli King's African Rifles. Abangereza baatandika ebikwekweto by'okulwanyisa abayeekera. Mu Gwokutaano 1953, Genero Sir George Erskine yatwala obuvunaanyizibwa ng'omuduumizi w'amagye g'amatwale, ng'awagirwa Winston Churchill.

Okukwatibwa kwa Waruhiu Itote (nom de guerre "General China") nga 15 Ogusookam1954 n’okubuuzibwa okwaddirira kyaviirako okutegeera obulungi enkola y’obukulembeze bwa Mau Mau eri Abangereza. Ekikwekweto Anvil kyaggulwawo nga 24 Ogwokuna 1954, oluvannyuma lw’okuteekateeka okumala wiiki eziwerako amagye nga galina olukusa okuva mu kakiiko akakwasaganya entalo aka War Council. Ekikwekweto kino kyateeka Nairobi mu kuzingizibwa kw'amagye. Abantu ababeera mu Nairobi baakeberwa, era abateeberezebwa okuba abawagizi ba Mau Mau baasengukira mu nkambi z’abasibe. Abantu abasukka mu 80,000 Abakikuyu baateekebwa mu nkambi z’abasibe nga tebawozeseddwa, era nga batera okutulugunyizibwa mu ngeri ey’obukambwe.A bakuumi be baakola omulimu omukulu mu nkola ya gavumenti kubanga baali bakolebwa mu Bafirika abeesigwa, so si mu maggye g’abagwira nga British Army ne King's African Rifles.

Okukwatibwa kwa Dedan Kimathi nga 21 Ogwekkumi 1956 mu Nyeri kyategeeza okuwangulwa kw’ekibiina ky'abayeekera elya Mau Mau era kino kyakomya obulumbaganyi obwakolebwa amagye. Mu kiseera kino, enkyukakyuka ez’amaanyi mu gavumenti ezikwata ku bwannannyini ku ttaka zakyusibwa. Mu kiseera kino, enkyukakyuka za gavumenti ez'amaanyi ezikwata ku bwannannyini ku ttaka zaaliwo. Ekisinga obukulu mu zino kye kyali enteekateeka ya Swynnerton, eyakozesebwa okusiima abo abaali abeesigwa era n'okubonereza abo abaali benyigidde mu buyeekera bw'ekibinja kya Mau Mau. Kino kyaleka nga kimu kya kusatu ku bantu Abakikuyu nga tebalina nteekateeka yonna ey'okubeera ku ttaka era nga tebalina kintu kyonna mu kiseera ky'ameefuga.

Abasomaliya ab'omu Kenya baakuba akalulu, 1962.

Kenya nga tennafuna bwetwaze bwayo, abantu ab'eggwanga lya Somali mu Kenya eriwo kati mu bitundu bya Northern Frontier Districts baasaba Gavumenti ya Her Majesty obutabateeka mu Kenya. Gavumenti y'amatwale yasalawo okukola akalulu ka Kenya akasooka mu 1962 okukebera obumalirivu bw'Abasomali mu Kenya okwegatta ku Somalia.

Ebyava mu kikungo byalaga nti Abasomali 86% mu Kenya baali baagala okwegatta ku Somalia, kyokka obufuzi bwa Bungereza obw'amatwale bwagaana ebyava mu kikungo era Abasomali ne basigala mu Kenya.

Nga bakafuna obwetwaze

Okulonda okwasooka okw'abannansi ba Kenya mu Lukiiko lw'eggwanga kwaliwo mu 1957.

Newankubadde ng'Abangereza baali basuubira okuwa obuyinza eri abo abatali bannalukalala, era kyali kibiina kya Kenya African National Union (KANU) ekya Jomo Kenyatta ekyakola gavumenti eyakulembera mu kiseera ekyo, Bungereza yalekera Kenya obuyinza. Obwakabaka bwa Kenya n'Obukuumi bwa Kenya byakoma nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1963, nga bafunye obwetwaze ku Kenya yonna. Bungereza yalekera Kenya obuyinza. Ssaabasajja wa Zanzibar (Sultan) yakkiriza nti mu kiseera kye kimu n'ameefuga g'eggwanga yandirekedde awo okuba n'obuyinza ku Protectorate of Kenya, Kenya yonna efuuke eggwanga limu eririna obwetwaze. Mu ngeri eno, Kenya yafuuka eggwanga ery'etongodde wansi w'etteeka lya Kenya Independence Act 1963 erya Bungereza. Nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1964, Kenya yafuuka repubuliki wansi w'erinnya "Republic of Kenya".

Mu kiseera kye kimu, amagye ga Kenya gaalwana olutalo lwa Shifta nga balwanyisa abayeekera Abasomali ab'ekika ekimu abaali babeera mu Northern Frontier District abaali baagala okwegatta ku b'eŋŋanda zaabwe mu Somali Republic mu Bukiikakkono. Oluvannyuma emirembe gyatuukibwako oluvannyuma lw'okussa omukono ku kiwandiiko kya Arusha Memorandum mu Gwomwenda 1967, naye obutali butebenkevu bwaliwo okutuuka mu 1969. Okusobola okukendeeza ku bulumbaganyi obulala, Kenya yassa omukono ku ndagaano y’ebyokwerinda ne Ethiopia mu 1969, era ekyo kikyaliwo.

Pulezidenti eyasooka

Nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1964, Republic of Kenya yalangirirwa, era Jomo Kenyatta yafuuka pulezidenti wa Kenya eyasooka. Wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Kenyatta, obulyi bw'enguzi bwasaasaana mu gavumenti yonna, abakozi ba gavumenti, n'abasuubuzi. Kenyatta n'ab'omu maka ge baakwatagana n'obulyi bw'enguzi buno nga beeyongera okugaggawala nga bagula ebintu bingi oluvannyuma lwa 1963. Okugula ebintu mu Central, Rift Valley, ne mu bibuga by'okumyalo kyaleetawo obusungu bungi mu Bannakenya abatalina ttaka. Famire ye yakozesa ekifo kye nga Pulezidenti okwewala ebizibu eby'amateeka oba eby'obukulembeze mu kufuna ebintu. Famire ya Kenyatta era yateeka ssente nnyingi mu bizineesi z'ebifo ebisanyukirwamu ebiri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja, nga Kenyatta kennyini yalinawo wooteeri eyitibwa Leonard Beach Hotel.

Ebyafaayo bya Kenyatta eby'enjawulo byalagibwa ku mukolo ogw'okujjukira emyaka kkumi bukya Kenya efuna obwetwaze. Ekitundu ekyawandiikibwa mu The New York Times mu Gwekkumineebiri 1973 kyasiima obukulembeze bwa Kenyatta ne Kenya olw'okufuuka ekyokulabirako mu kukola ebintu mu ngeri ey'amagezi era ey'obuwangwa. GDP ya Kenya yali eyongedde ku sipiidi ya buli mwaka eya 6.6%, nga eri waggulu ku sipiidi y'abantu okweyongera eya waggulu ku bitundu 3%. Naye Amnesty International yayanukula ku kitundu kino nga egamba ku bbeeyi y'obutebenkevu mu ngeri y'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu. Naye Amnesty International yayanukula ekitundu kino nga egamba ku bbeeyi y'obutebenkevu mu ngeri y'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu. Ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekivuganya kyatandikibwawo Oginga Odinga—Kenya People's Union (KPU)—yawerebwa mu 1969 oluvannyuma lw'ekittabantu ekyali e Kisumu era abakulembeze ba KPU baali bakyasibiddwa nga tebawozeseddwa mu ngeri ey'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu. Ekibiina ekitaba abayizi ekya Kenya Students Union, Abajulirwa ba Yakuwa n'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebivuganya byawerebwa. Kenyatta yakulembera Kenya okutuusa lwe yafa mu Gwomunaana 1978.

Omulembe gwa Moi

Oluvannyuma lwa Kenyatta okufa, Daniel arap Moi yafuuka pulezidenti. Yasigaza obwa pulezidenti, y'esimbawonga tavuganyiziddwa mu kulonda okwaliwo mu 1979, 1983 (okulonda okw'amangu), ne 1988, byonna ebyaliwo byali wansi wa Ssemateeka w'ekibiina ekimu. Okulonda kwa 1983 kwaliwo omwaka gumu nga bukyali, era kwava butereevu ku kulemererwa kw'ekyewuunyo ky'amagye nga 2 Ogwomunaana 1982.

Okuwamba gavumenti okwa 1982 kwategekebwa omujaasi w'omu bbanga ow'eddaala erya wansi, Senior Private Hezekiah Ochuka, era okuwamba okwo okusinga kwakolebwa abajaasi ab'eddaala erya wansi mu ggye ery'omu bbanga. Kyazikirizibwa mangu amagye agaali gakulirwa Chief of General Staff Mahamoud Mohamed, omukungu w'amagye nazilwanako w'e Somali. Mwalimu ekitongole kya General Service Unit (GSU)—ekitongole ky'amagye ekya poliisi—n'oluvannyuma police y'abulijjo.

Oluvannyuma lw'ekittabantu eky'e Garissa mu 1980, amagye ga Kenya g'enyigira mu kittabantu eky'e Wagalla mu 1984 ku bikumi n'ebikumi by'abantu ba bulijjo mu Ssaza lye Wajir. Okunoonyereza okw'obutongole ku bikolobero bino oluvannyuma kwaweebwa ekiragiro mu 2011.

Okulonda okwaliwo mu 1988 kwaleeta enkola ya mlolongo (okusimba ennyiriri) eyali egamba nti abalonzi baalina okusimba ennyiriri emabega w’abo be baali baagala okusinga okulonda mu kyama. Kino kyatwalibwa ng'entikko y'obufuzi obutali bwa dimokulasiya era kyaviirako okwekalakaasa okw'amaanyi olw'okukyusa mu ssemateeka. Ebikwatagana ebitali bimu, omuli n'ekyo ekyali kikkiriza ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi kimu kyokka, byakyusibwa mu myaka egyaddirira.

Okukyusa okudda mu demokulasiya ow'ebibiina by'obufuzi ebingi.

Mu 1991, Kenya yakyusa okudda ku nkola y’ebyobufuzi ey’ebibiina ebingi oluvannyuma lw’emyaka 26 egy’obukulembeze bw’ekibiina ekimu. Nga 28 Ogwekkumi 1992, Moi yasattulula Paalamenti, emyezi etaano nga kisanja kye tekinnagwaako. N’ekyavaamu, enteekateeka z’okulonda ebifo byonna mu Paalamenti awamu ne pulezidenti zaatandika. Okulonda kwali kutegekeddwa okubaawo nga 7 Ogwekkumineebiri 1992, naye okulwawo kwaleetera okwongezebwayo okutuuka nga 29 Ogwekkumineebiri. Ng’oggyeko KANU, ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza, ebibiina ebirala ebyali bikiikiriddwa mu kulonda mwalimu FORD Kenya ne FORD Asili. Okulonda kuno kwali kwetobeseemu enkola y'okutiisatiisa abo abaali babavuganya n'okutulugunya abakungu b'eby'okulonda. Kino kyaleetawo ekizibu ky'ebyenfuna ekyaleetebwa obutabanguko obw'omu mawanga nga pulezidenti avunaanibwa okubba ebyava mu kulonda asobole okusigaza obuyinza. Okulonda kuno kwali kwa njawulo eri Kenya kubanga kwali kutandika kw'okukomekkereza obukulembeze bwa Moi n'obufuzi bwa KANU. Moi yasigala nga pulezidenti era George Saitoti n'afuuka omummyuka wa pulezidenti. Wadde nga yasigala mu buyinza, KANU yawangula ebifo 100 era n'efiirwa ebifo 88 eri ebibiina mukaaga eby'oludda oluvuganya gavumenti.

Okulonda kwa 1992 kwateekawo entandikwa y'ebyobufuzi eby'ebibiina ebingi oluvannyuma lw'emyaka egisukka mu 25 egy'obufuzi bwa KANU. Oluvannyuma lw'obukuubagano obwaddirira oluvannyuma lw'okulonda, abantu 5,000 battibwa ate abalala 75,000 ne basengulwa okuva mu maka gaabwe. Mu myaka etaano egyaddirira, ebibiina by'obufuzi bingi byatandikibwawo nga beetegekera okulonda okuddako. Mu myaka etaano egyaddako, enkolagana nnyingi ez'ebyobufuzi zaatondebwawo nga beetegekera okulonda okali kuddako. Mu 1994, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga yafa era ebibiina bingi byegatta ku kibiina kye ekya FORD Kenya okutondawo ekibiina ekipya, United National Democratic Alliance. Ekibiina kino kyalimu obutakkanya bungi. Mu 1995, Richard Leakey yatondawo ekibiina kya Safina, naye kyagaanibwa okuwandiisibwa okutuusa mu Gwekkuminogumu 1997.

Mu 1996, KANU yaddamu okwekenneenya Ssemateeka okukkiriza Moi okusigala nga Pulezidenti mu kisanja ekirala. Oluvannyuma, Moi yeesimbawo ku kisanja ekirala era yawangula ekisanja eky'okutaano mu 1997. Obuwanguzi bwe bwavumirirwa nnyo abo abaali bamuvuganya ennyo, Kibaki ne Odinga, nga bagamba nti obuwanguzi bwe bwali bwa bulimba. Oluvannyuma lw'okuwangula okwo, Moi yagaanibwa mu Ssemateeka okuddamu okwesimbawo ku bwa Pulezidenti. Okutandika mu 1998, yagezaako okukyusa enkola y'ebyobufuzi n'okuwanyisa obuyinza mu ggwanga okusobozesa Uhuru Kenyatta okulondebwa mu kulonda kwa 2002.

Pulezidenti Kibaki n'olugenda lwa Ssemateeka omugya

Enteekateeka ya Moi ey'okudda mu bigere bya Uhuru Kenyatta yalemererwa, era Mwai Kibaki, eyali avuganya ku ludda oluvuganya gavumenti mu kibiina "National Rainbow Coalition" (NARC), yalondebwa nga Pulezidenti. David Anderson (2003) alipoota nti okulonda kwatwalibwa okuba okw’amazima n’obwenkanya okusinziira ku balabi ab’omu kitundu ne mu nsi yonna, era ne kirabika ng’ekyakyusa ennyo mu nkulaakulana ya demokulasiya mu Kenya.

Mu 2005, Bannakenya baagaana enteekateeka ey'okukyusa Ssemateeka w'obwetwaze owa 1963 n'endala empya. N'ekyavaamu, okulonda kwa 2007 kwaliwo nga bagoberera enkola eyali eteekeddwawo mu Ssemateeka eyaliwo. Kibaki yaddamu okulondebwa mu kulonda okwali okw'amaanyi nga kujjudde obutabanguko bwe by'onufuzi n'ebibinja by'embu z'abantu mu Kenya. Omukulembeze w'oludda oluvuganya gavumenti asinga obukulu, Raila Odinga, yagamba nti okulonda kwalimu emivuyo n'okubba era nti ye yali Pulezidenti eyalondebwa mu butuufu. Mu butabanguko obwaddirira, abantu 1,500 battibwa ate abalala 600,000 ne basengulwa mu Kenya, kino ne kifuuka obutabanguko obwasinga obubi mu Kenya oluvannyuma lw'okulonda. Okusobola okukomya okufa n'okusengulwa kw'abantu, Kibaki ne Odinga bakkiriziganya okukolera awamu, ng'oluvannyuma Odinga yakkiriza okubeera nga ye Ssabaminisita. Kino kyafuula Odinga Ssabaminisita wa Kenya ow'okubiri.

Mu Gwoluberyeberye 2010, Kenya yakolagana n'amawanga amalala ag'omu Buvanjuba bwa Africa okukola akatale akapya aka East African Common Market mu East African Community. Mu 2011, Kenya yatandika okusindika amagye mu Somalia okulwanyisa ekibinja ky'abatujju ekya Al-Shabaab. Mu makkati ga 2011, sizoni z'enkuba ebbiri ezaali zitalabise z'aviirako ekyeya ekyasingayo obubi mu East Africa mu myaka 60. Ekitundu ky’omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bwa Turkana kyakosebwa nnyo, ng’amasomero g’omu kitundu gaggalwawo olw’ensonga eyo. Kyategeezeddwa nti ekizibu kyaggwaawo ku ntandikwa ya 2012 olw’okukolera awamu mu kugaba obuyambi. Ebitongole ebikola ku by’obuyambi oluvannyuma byakyusa essira ne balissa ku kuyamba abantu okuddamu okuzimba obulamu bwabwe, omuli okusima emikutu egitambuza amazzi n’okugaba ensigo z’ebimera.

Mu Gwomunaana 2010, Bannakenya baakuba akalulu era ne bayisa Ssemateeka omupya, eyakendeeza ku buyinza bwa Pulezidenti era n'egabanyaamu gavumenti eya wakati. Oluvannyuma lw'okuyisa Ssemateeka omupya, Kenya yafuuka republic, nga Pulezidenti wa Kenya ye mukulembeze w'eggwanga era omutwe gwa gavumenti, era nga y'akulira enkola y'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi. Ssemateeka omupya era alaga nti obuyinza obw’okuddukanya eggwanga bukozesebwa ekitongole ekiddukanya eggwanga, ekikulemberwa pulezidenti, atuula ku ntebe ya kabineeti erimu abantu abalondeddwa okuva ebweru wa Paalamenti. Obuyinza obw’okukola amateeka buweebwa Paalamenti yokka. Ekitongole ekiramuzi kya ddembe okuva ku kitongole ekiddukanya eggwanga ne Paalamenti.

Obukulembeze bwa Kenyatta ne Ruto

Uhuru Kenyatta

Mu 2013, Kenya yategeka okulonda kwayo okwasooka okubaawo wansi wa Ssemateeka wa 2010. Uhuru Kenyatta yawangula, wadde ng'ebyava mu kulonda byawakanyizibwa mu kkooti ensukkulumu eya Kenya, ng'omukulembeze w'oludda oluvuganya gavumenti, Raila Odinga, ye yali akulembeddemu okuwakanya ebyava mu kulonda. Uhuru Kenyatta yaddamu okulondebwa mu 2017 mu kulonda okulala okwali kubuusibwabuusibwa. Odinga yavunaana ekitongole kya Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission olw'okuddukanya obubi okulonda ne Kenyatta ne kibiina kye olw'okubba obululu. Kkooti ensukkulumu yasazaamu ebyava mu kulonda mu nsala ey'amaanyi eyassaawo ekifo kyayo ng'omuntu eyeetengeredde okukebera pulezidenti. Mu kulonda okwaddibwamu, Kenyatta yawangula oluvannyuma lwa Odinga okugaana okwetaba mu kulonda, ng'agamba nti waaliwo obutali butuukirivu.

Mu Gwokusatu 2018, okukwatagana mu ngalo wakati wa Kenyatta ne Odinga kyategeeza ekiseera eky’okutabagana nga kino kyaddirirwa okweyongera mu by'enfuna n’obutebenkevu obweyongera. Wakati wa 2019 ne 2021, ababiri bano baagatta amaanyi okutumbula enkyukakyuka ez’amaanyi mu Ssemateeka wa Kenya, ezaayitibwa "Building Bridges Initiative" (BBI). Baagamba nti kaweefube waabwe yali wa kutumbula nkwatagana n’okuvvuunuka enkola y’okulonda mu Kenya eyateranga okuvaamu obutabanguko oluvannyuma lw’okulonda. Ekirowoozo kya BBI kyali kyetaagisa okugaziya ennyo ekitongole ekikola amateeka n'ekitongole ekikola ku nsonga ez'enjawulo, nga mw'otwalidde n'okutondawo ssaabaminisita ng'alina abamyuka babiri n'omukulembeze ow'enkalakkalira ow'oludda oluvuganya gavumenti, nga kino kikomyawo enkola ey'okulonda ba minisita okuva mu bammemba ba Paalamenti abalonde. Okutondawo Konsityuwensi empya 70, n'okwongerako abantu 300 abatalondebwa mu Paalamenti (wansi w'enteekateeka eyitibwa "affirmative action" plan).

William Ruto

Abavumirira baalaba kino ng'okugezaako okuwa ebirabo amaka g'ebyobufuzi era n'okukendeeza ku kufuba kw'omummyuka wa Pulezidenti William Ruto okunoonya obwa pulezidenti, n'okugaziya gavumenti ku bbeeyi eya waggulu eri eggwanga eririmu amabanja amangi. Mu nkomerero, mu Gwokutaano 2021, Kkooti Enkulu eya Kenya yasalawo nti BBI kyali kikontana n'etteeka, kubanga kyali kigendererwa kya gavumenti okusinga okuba ekyetaago ky'abantu. Kkooti yavumirira Kenyatta, n'eraga ensonga lwaki yali asobola okuwawaabirwa oba n'okuggyibwa mu woofiisi. Okusalawo kuno kwatwalibwa ng'okufiirwa okw'amaanyi eri Kenyatta ne Odinga, naye nga kyongera ku mikisa gya Odinga mu kulonda kwa pulezidenti okw'omu maaso, Ruto. Mu Gwomunaana 2021, Kkooti ya Kenya ejulirwamu yakkiriza ensala ya Kkooti Enkulu mu kujulira okuva mu BBI Secretariat.

Ruto yawangula akalulu k'obwa pulezidenti aka 2022, ng'awangudde Odinga okufuuka pulezidenti wa Kenya ow'okutaano.. Mu 2024, Ruto ne Kenya Kwanza coalition baayolekaganye n'okwekalakaasa okw'amaanyi olw'etteeka lya Kenya Finance Bill 2024.

Obutonde bwayo

Ku 580,367 km2 (224,081 sq mi), Kenya ekwata ekifo kya 47 mu nsi ezisinga obunene mu nsi yonna (oluvannyuma lwa Madagascar). Esangibwa wakati wa latitudi 5°N ne 5°S, ne longitudi 34° ne 42°E. Okuva ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja Indian Ocean, olusenyi olwansi lulinnya okutuuka ku nsozi ez'omu masekkati agayawulwamu ekiwonvu ekinene, era waliwo ebitundu ebirimu ettaka eggimu ku njuyi zombi, okwetooloola Ennyanja Nnalubaale n'Ebuvanjuba.

Ebitundu bya Kenya eby'Ensozi bye bimu ku bitundu ebisinga okufulumya eby'obulimi mu Afirika. Ensozi ze zisangibwa ekifo ekisinga obuwanvu mu Kenya n'olusozi olw'okubiri olusinga obuwanvu ku ssemazinga: Olusozi Kenya, olutuuka ku buwanvu bwa m 5,199 (futi 17,057) era nga we wali omuzira. Olusozi Kilimanjaro (m 5,895 oba futi 19,341) lusobola okulabibwa okuva e Kenya okutuuka mu Bukiikaddyo bw'ensalo ya Tanzania.

Embeera y'obudde

Embeera y'obudde mu Kenya ekyukakyuka okuva ku kitundu ekirimu ebbugumu eringi okumpi n'olubalama lw'ennyanja, okudda ku kitundu ekirimu ebbugumu eringi mu masekkati g'eggwanga, okudda ku kitundu ekirimu ekyeya mu Bukiikakkono n'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bw'eggwanga. Ekitundu kino kifuna omusana mungi buli mwezi. Emirundi egisinga obudde buba bwa bunnyogovu ekiro ate ku makya nga bukyali bwa bunnyogovu mu masekkati g'eggwanga, ate mu bukiikakkono n'obukiikakkono bw'obuvanjuba bw'eggwanga, obudde buba bwa bbugumu.

"Enkuba ey'ekiseera ekiwanvu" etuuka okuva mu Gwokusatu/Gwokuna okutuuka mu Gwokutaano/Gwomukaaga. Sizoni "y'enkuba entono" etuuka okuva mu Gwekkumi okutuuka mu Gwekkuminogumu/Gwekkumineebiri. Enkuba oluusi eba nnyingi era etera okutonnya mu ttuntu n'olw'eggulo. Enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde ekyusa enkola y'obutonde ey'ekiseera ky'enkuba, ekireeta enkuba okutonnya entono – ekivuddeko amataba – n'okukendeeza ku kyeya okuva ku buli myaka kkumi okudda ku buli mwaka, ekivirako ekyeya eky'amaanyi nga ekyeya ekyabalukwo mu Kenya ekya 2008–09.

Ebbugumu lisigala nga lya waggulu mu myezi gino egy'enkuba mu kitundu ky'ekibira. Ekiseera ekisinga okuba eky'ebbugumu kibaawo mu Gwokubiri n'Ogwokusatu, nga kino kye kiseera ky'enkuba ennyingi, ate ekiseera ekisinga okuba eky'obunnyogovu kibaawo mu Gwomusanvu, okutuusa mu makkati go Gwomunaana.

Ebisolo by'omu nsiko

Kenya erina ettaka ddene eriweereddwayo okubeeramu ebifo ebibeeramu ebisolo by'omu nsiko, omuli n'ekkuumiro ly'ebisolo erya Tsavo ne Masai Mara, awabeera blue wildebeest n'ebika by'ebisolo ebirala ebibeera mu nsiko ebibeera mu kibinja ekinene buli mwaka. Wildebeest ezisukka mu kakadde kamu n'entugga 200,000 ze zibeera mu kibinja kino nga ziyita ku mugga Mara..

Ensolo za Africa eziyitibwa "Ensolo ennene ettaano" mwe muli empologoma, engo, embogo, envubu, n'ejjovu, zisangibwa mu Kenya era naddala mu Masai Mara. Omuwendo omunene ogw'ensolo endala ez'omu nsiko, ebyewalula, n'ebinyonyi bisangibwa mu mbuga z'eggwanga ne mu bifo ebirala ebikuumibwamu ebisolo mu ggwanga. Okusenguka kw'ebisolo okwa buli omwaka kubaawo wakati w'Ogwomukaaga n'Ogwomwenda nga bukadde na bukadde bw'ebisolo bwe busenguka, ne kisikiriza eby'obulambuzi eby'omuwendo okuva ebweru w'eggwanga. Obukadde bubiri bw'ebisolo ebiyitibwa wildebeest biddukira olugendo lwa kiromita 2,900 (1,802 mi) okuva mu Serengeti mu Tanzania eriraanyeewo okudda mu Masai Mara mu Kenya, nga buli kiseera bigenda mu maaso nga bwe bikyuka, nga binoonya emmere n'amazzi. Okusenguka kw'ebisolo ebiyitibwa wildebeest mu Serengeti byawandiikibwa mu by'ewuunyo omusanvu eby'obutonde mu Afirika.

Okukuuma obutonde

Kenya yalina omuwendo gwa 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index ogwa 4.2/10, nga kino kyagissa mu kifo kya 133 mu nsi yonna ku nsi 172. Conservation International ekola mu Kenya okuyita mu Conservation International Kenya, pulogulaamu y'eggwanga eyatandikibwawo mu 2014 eraga alipoota ku mirimu egikolebwa ku yiika obukadde 4.9, omuli okukuuma ebibira n'ebifo ebisolo we birundira n'okubizzaawo, eby'obulambuzi, n'ebikolebwa okukendeeza ku mbeera y'obudde nga REDD+.

Gavumenti n'eby'obufuzi

William Ruto Pulezidenti

Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti

Kenya nsi eya demokulasiya era erina enkola y'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi. Pulezidenti ye mukulembeze w'eggwanga era ye mukulembeze wa gavumenti. Obuyinza obukola ku nsonga ez'enjawulo bukolebwa gavumenti. Obuyinza obukola ku mateeka buweebwa gavumenti, Paalamenti y'eggwanga n'Olukiiko lw'eggwanga. Ekitongole ekiramuzi ky'etongola okuva ku kakiiko akakulembeze ne Paalamenti. Wabaddewo okweraliikirira okweyongera, naddala mu kiseera ky'obukulembeze bwa pulezidenti eyaliko Daniel arap Moi, nti ekikola ku nsonga z'eggwanga kyali kyeyongera okweyingiza mu nsonga z'ekitongole ekiramuzi.

Kenya erina obulyi bw'enguzi bungi okusinziira ku Transparency International's Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI), omuwendo ogugezaako okupima obunene bw'obuli bw'enguzi mu bitongole bya gavumenti mu nsi ez'enjawulo. Mu 2019, eggwanga lyali mu kifo kya 137 ku nsi 180 mu lukalala, n'obubonero 28 ku 100. Naye waliwo ebintu bingi eby'enkizo ebikoleddwa okusobola okukendeeza obuli bw'enguzi mu gavumenti ya Kenya, gamba ng'okutandikawo akakiiko akapya era aketengeredde akalwanyisa enguzi aka Ethics and Anti-Corruption Commission (EACC).

Oluvannyuma lw'okulonda okwaliwo mu 1997, etteeka erya Constitution of Kenya Review Act, eryali litegekeddwa okutereeza obulungi mu ssemateeka wa Kenya, lyayisibwa Paalamenti ya Kenya.

Mu Gwekkumineebiri 2002, Kenya yafuna okulonda okw'amazima n'obwenkanya, okwalabibwa ng'okw'amazima era okw'obwenkanya okusinziira ku balabi b'ensi yonna TOkulonda kwa 2002 kwali kwa makulu nnyo era nga kulaga enkyukakyuka. Okulonda kwa 2002 kwali kwa mugaso nnyo mu kukyusa enkola ya demokulasiya mu Kenya mu ngeri nti obuyinza bwakyusibwa mu mirembe okuva mu Kenya African National Union (KANU), eyali efuze eggwanga okuva ku bwetwaze, okudda mu National Rainbow Coalition (NARC), omukago gw'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi.

Wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Mwai Kibaki, omukago omupya ogufuga gwasuubiza okussa amaanyi gaagwo ku kuleetawo enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna, okulwanyisa obuli bw'enguzi, okulongoosa eby'enjigiriza, n'okuddamu okuwandiika Ssemateeka waagwo. Ebimu ku bisuubizo bino bituukiriziddwa. Waliwo okusoma kwa pulayimale okw'obwereere. Mu 2007, gavumenti yafulumya ekiwandiiko ng'erangirira nti okuva mu 2008, okusoma kwa sekendule tekwali kwa kusasulirwa ssente nnyingi, nga gavumenti esasula ebisale by'essomero byonna.

Okulonda kwa 2013 ne gavumenti empya

Mu Ssemateeka omupya era ne Pulezidenti Kibaki yagaanibwa olw'ekkomo ku bisanja obutaddamu kwesimbawo mu kisanja eky'okusatu, Omumyuka wa Ssaabaminisita Uhuru Kenyatta yeesimbawo mu woofiisi. Yawangula n'ebitundu 50.51% eby'obululu mu Gwokusatu 2013.

Mu Gwekkumineebiri 2014, Pulezidenti Kenyatta yassa omukono ku tteeka erikwata ku by’okwerinda eryali likyusiddwaamu, abawagizi b’etteeka lino abaali balikkiririzaamu baagamba nti lyali lyetaagisa okukuuma abantu okuva ku bibinja by’abayeekera. Bannabyabufuzi ab’oludda oluvuganya gavumenti, ebibiina ebirwanirira eddembe ly’obuntu, n’amawanga mwenda ag’omu Bulaaya baavumirira etteeka eryo, nga bagamba nti lyali likosa eddembe ly’obuntu. Gavumenti ya America, Bungereza, Bugirimaani, ne Bufaransa nazo zaawera ekiwandiiko ky'awamu eri bannamawulire nga balabula ku ngeri etteeka lino gye liyinza okukosaamu abantu. Okuyitira mu Jubilee Coalition, etteeka lino oluvannyuma lyayisibwa nga 19 Ogwekkumineebiri mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga mu mbeera embi ennyo.

Enkolagana n'amawanga g'ebweru

Pulezidenti Obama ng'akyaddeko mu Kenya

Enkolagana ne Somalia ebadde nzibu nnyo mu byafaayo, wadde nga wabaddewo okukolera awamu mu by'amagye okulwanyisa abayeekera ab'obusiraamu. Kenya erina enkolagana ennungi ne Bungereza. Kenya y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okuwagira Amerika mu Afirika, n'ensi yonna.

Nga ennaku z’okuwozesebwa mu kkooti y’ensi yonna zitegekeddwa mu 2013 ku Pulezidenti Kenyatta n’omumyuka we Pulezidenti William Ruto ku bikwata ku byava mu kulonda kwa 2007, Pulezidenti wa Amerika Barack Obama, alina obuzaale bwa Kenya, yasalawo obutakyalako mu ggwanga eryo mu lukyala lwe olw’omu makkati ga 2013 mu Afirika. Oluvannyuma mu biseera by'omusana, Kenyatta yakyalira China ku kuyitibwa kwa Pulezidenti Xi Jinping oluvannyuma lw'okuyimirirako mu Russia era nga yali tannakyalako mu United States nga pulezidenti. Mu Gwomusanvu 2015, Obama yakyalira Kenya, pulezidenti wa America eyasooka okukyalira eggwanga eryo ng'akyali mu woofiisi.

Ekitongole kya British Army Training Unit Kenya (BATUK) kikozesebwa mu kutendeka amagye ga Bungereza agalwanyira ku ttaka mu bitundu eby'ekyeya era ebirimu ensozi mu Great Rift Valley.

Amagye

Amagye ga Kenya Defence Forces ge gakuuma Kenya. Amagye ga Kenya, Amagye ga Kenya ag'okumazzi, n'amagye agalwanira mu bbanga ge gakola amagye g'Eggwanga gonna. Amagye ga Kenya agaliwo kati gaatandikibwawo, era enkola yaago n'erambikibwa, mu Kawaayiro 241 ak'endagaano ya 2010 eya Ssemateeka wa Kenya; eggye lya KDF lifugibwa etteeka lya Kenya Defence Forces Act erya 2012. Pulezidenti wa Kenya ye muduumizi w'amagye maggye gonna.

Amagye gatera okusindikibwa okukuuma emirembe okwetooloola ensi yonna. Okugatta ku ekyo, oluvannyuma lw'okulonda okwaliwo mu Gwekkumineebiri 2007 n'obutabanguko obwaddirira, akakiiko akanoonyereza, Akakiiko ka Waki, kaasiima obwetegefu bwako era ne kakalangirira nti "kakoze obulungi omulimu gwako." Wadde kiri kityo, wabaddewo okwemulugunya okw'amaanyi ku kutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu, okusinga gye buvuddeko nga bakola ebikwekweto by'okulwanyisa abayeekera mu kitundu kya Mt Elgon era ne mu Masekkati ga Disitulikiti y'e Mandera.

Amagye ga Kenya, okufaananako ebitongole bya gavumenti ebirala mu ggwanga, gakwatiddwako nnyo olw'ebigambibwa nti gaalya enguzi. Olw'okuba emirimu gy'amagye gibadde gikolebwa mu nkukutu olw'okutya nti gisobola okutaataaganyizibwa, obulyi bw'enguzi buno bubadde bukwekeddwa okuva mu bantu, era nga tebusobola kulabibwa bantu, era nga tebumanyiddwa. Kino kikyuse gye buvuddeko awo. Mu ebyo ebitalabwangako mu Kenya, mu 2010, waliwo ebyayogerwa ku buli bw'enguzi ebikwata ku kuwa abantu emirimu n'okugula ebidduka ebiriko eby'okulwanyisa. Okugatta ku ekyo, amagezi n'okukola okusalawo okulungi eri eby'okulwanyisa ebigulibwa bibadde by'emulugunyizibwako mu lujjudde.

Engabanya y'obukulembeze.

Kenya egabanyizibwamu amasaza 47 agalina obwetwaze obutonotono agakulemberwa bagavana. Amasaza gano 47 ge gakola ebitundu bya Kenya ebisookerwako.

Ebifo ebisembayo obutono mu Kenya biyitibwa locations. Ebifo bino bitera okuba nga bye bimu n'ebitundu by'okulonderamu. Ebifo bino bitera okutuumibwa amannya g'ebibuga oba ebyalo ebiri mu masekkati gaabyo. Ebibuga ebinene birimu ebifo bingi. Buli kifo kirina omukulu, alondebwa gavumenti.

Konsityuwensi bye bifo ebironderwamu, nga buli Ssaza lirimu omuwendo gw'ebifo ebironderwamu. Akakiiko k'ensalo akaakaseera katondebwawo mu 2010 okwekenneenya ebifo ebironderwamu era mu alipoota yaako, kyasemba okutondawo Konsityuwensi endala 80 ezironderwamu. Nga okulonda kwa 2013 tekunnabaawo, waaliwo Konsityuwensi ebironderwamu 210 mu Kenya.

Eddembe ly'obuntu

Ebikolwa by'okulya ebisiyaga tebikkirizibwa mu mateeka mu Kenya era bitera okubonerezebwa n'okusibwa emyaka 14. Okusinziira ku kunoonyereza okwakolebwa mu 2020 okwakolebwa ekitongole kya Pew Research Center, ebitundu 83% ebya Bannakenya bakkiriza nti okulya ebisiyaga tekulina kukkirizibwa mu bantu. Mu lukungaana lwa bannamawulire olwali wamu ne Pulezidenti Barack Obama mu 2015, Pulezidenti Kenyatta yagaana okukakasa obumalirivu bwa Kenya eri eddembe ly'abalyi b'ebisiyaga, ng'agamba nti "ensonga y'eddembe ly'abalyi b'ebisiyaga ddala si nsonga... Naye waliwo ebintu ebimu bye tulina okukkiriza nti tetubirina era tetubigabana. Obuwangwa bwaffe, abantu baffe tebakkiriza."

Mu Gwekkuminogumu 2008, WikiLeaks yaleeta okumanyibwa okw'ensi yonna mu alipoota ya The Cry of Blood, eraga okutta abamenyi b'amateeka okw'ebweru w'amateeka okwakolebwa poliisi ya Kenya. Mu alipoota eno, ekitongole ekivunaanyizibwa ku ddembe ly'obuntu ekya Kenya National Commission on Human Rights (KNCHR) kyawaayo okunoonyereza kwakyo mu kuzuula kwakyo okukulu "e)", nga kigamba nti okubula kw'abantu n'okutta abantu okw'ebweru w'amateeka byalabika ng'ebiragiro bya gavumenti ebyawagirwa abakulembeze b'ebyobufuzi ne poliisi.

Eby'enfuna

Eby'enfuna bya Kenya biraze okukulaakulana okw'amaanyi mu myaka egiyise, okusingira ddala okuva mu pulojekiti z'enguudo, egaali y'omukka, eby'entambula ey'omu bbanga n'eku mazzi, awamu n'okusiga ensimbi mu tekinologiya ow'empuliziganya n'okutereka obubaka. Eby'enfuna bya Kenya bye bisinga obunene mu East Africa. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze, Kenya yakulaakulanya eby'enfuna byayo mu bwangu ng'eyita mu kusiga ssente za gavumenti, okukubiriza okulima okw'abalimi abatonotono era n'okuteekawo embeera ennungi ey'okusiga ensimbi mu makolero ag'obwannannyini. Kenya y'esinga okutambuza ebyamaguzi n'ensimbi mu East Africa. Ekitongole ky'ebyensimbi mu Kenya kikola bulungi, kikulaakulanye era kirimu eby'enfuna eby'enjawulo nga kino kye kisinga okubaamu abantu abeeyunira eby'enfuna mu kitundu kino era ne mu nsi yonna.

Okusiga ensimbi okuva ebweru mu Kenya kusigala nga kunafu nnyoo bw'ogeraageranya n'obunene bw'ebyenfuna byakyo n'omutindo gw'enkulaakulana yaakyo. Mu 2022, omuwendo gwa FDI yonna mu Kenya gwali obuwumbi bwa ddoola za Amerika 10.4, nga kino kikola ebitundu 9.5% byokka ebya GDP y'eggwanga.

Kenya erina Human Development Index (HDI) ya 0.628 (omutono), ng'eri mu kifo kya 143 ku bifo 193 mu nsi yonna mu 2023. Mu 2022, 25.4% ku Bannakenya baali babeera ku ssente ezitasukka $2.15 buli lunaku. Okusinziira ku bubaka obupya okuva mu 2022, ebitundu 25.4% ku bantu bakosebwa obwavu obw’engeri ez’enjawulo era n’abalala 26.4% nga bali mu katyabaga k’okubufuna. Mu 2017, Kenya yali mu kifo kya 92 mu nsi Banka y'ensi yonna ng'ensi ennyangu okukoleramu bizinesi ng'erinnya okuva mu kifo kya 113 mu 2016 (ku nsi 190). Ekitongole ky'ebyobulimi ekikulu ennyo kikozesa abakozi ng'ebitundu 30% ku bakozi bonna. Kenya etera okutwalibwa ng'akatale ak'omu maaso oba oluusi akatale akavaamu, era y'emu ku nsi ezikyakula.

Eby'enfuna birabye okugaziwa okw'amaanyi, nga kino kirabibwa mu nkola ennungi mu by'obulambuzi, eby'enjigiriza ebya waggulu n'eby'empuliziganya era n'ebivaamu ebirungi mu by'obulimi oluvannyuma lw'ekyeya, naddala mu kitongole ky'amajaani ekikulu. Eby'enfuna bya Kenya byakula ebitundu ebisukka mu 7% mu 2007, era amabanja gaayo ag'ebweru gaakendeezebwa nnyo. Kino kyakyuka amangu ddala oluvannyuma lw'okulonda kwa pulezidenti okwali okw'okubuusabuusa mu Gwekkumineebiri 2007, oluvannyuma lw'akavuyo akaaliiwo mu ggwanga.

Eby'empuliziganya n'ebyensimbi mu myaka ekkumi egiyise kati bye bisinga okukola ebitundu 62% ebya GDP. Ebitundu 22% ebya GDP bikyava mu by'obulimi ebitali bya lubeerera ebikozesa ebitundu 75% eby'abakozi (ekintu ekirabika mu mawanga agakyakula agatannatuuka ku kufuna mmere emala). Ekitundu ky'abantu ekitono ennyo kyesigama ku buyambi bw'emmere. Amakolero n'okukola ebintu bye bisinga obutono, nga bikola ebitundu 16% ebya GDP. Eby'obuweereza, amakolero n'okukola ebintu bikozesa abakozi ebitundu 25% byokka naye nga biwa ebitundu 75% ebya GDP.[1] Kenya era etunda ebintu eby'engoye ebisukka mu bukadde bwa ddoola 400 wansi wa AGOA.

Okutunda kampuni za gavumenti nga eyali eya Kenya Post and Telecommunications Company, ekyavaamu kkampuni esinga okukola amagoba mu East Africa—Safaricom, kireetedde okuzzaawo kampuni zino olw'okusiga ensimbi okw'amaanyi okw'abantu ssekinnoomu.

Mu Gwokutaano 2011, embeera y'ebyenfuna yali nnungi ng'okweyongera kwa GDP kusuubirwa okuba ebitundu 4–5%, okusingira ddala olw'okugaziwa mu by'obulambuzi, eby'empuliziganya, eby'entambula, okuzimba, n'okudda engulu mu by'obulimi. Banka y'Ensi Yonna yateebereza okweyongera kwa 4.3% mu 2012.

Mu Gwokusatu 1996 ba Pulezidenti ba Kenya, Tanzania, ne Uganda baddamu okutandikawo omukago gwa East African Community (EAC). Ebigendererwa bya EAC mulimu okutereeza emisolo n'ebikwata ku misolo, okutambula kw'abantu awatali kusibibwa n'okutumbula ebintu ebikozesebwa mu kitundu. Mu Gwokusatu 2004, amawanga asatu ag'omu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika gaassa omukono ku Ndagaano y'omukago gw'omusolo eya Customs Union Agreement.

Kenya erina ekitongole ky'ebyensimbi ekikulaakulanye okusinga baliraanwa baayo. Akatale k'emigabo aka Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE) ke kali mu kifo eky'okuna mu Afirika mu by'obugagga bw'akatale. Enkola ya banka mu Kenya erabirirwa Banka Enkulu eya Kenya (CBK). Mu Gwomusanvu 2004, enkola eno yalimu banka z'ebyobusuubuzi 43 (nga zino zaali zikendedde okuva ku 48 mu 2001) ne bitongole ebitali bya banka ebiwerako omuli kampuni eziterekera abantu ssente, ebibiina bina ebiteekamu ssente n'okwewola era ne bizinensi nnyingi ezikyusa ssente.

Wiiki y'okutandikawo enkola empya mu Kenya eya Kenya Innovation Week (KIW) yatandikibwawo mu 2021, okuva nga 6 Ogwekkumineebiri okutuuka nga 10, 2021, ku Kenya School of Government mu Lower Kabete, Nairobi.

Eby'obulambuzi

Eby'obulambuzi biyingiza mu Kenya ebitundu nga 6% ku by'enfuna byayo. Eby'obulambuzi mu Kenya bye bisinga okuvaamu ssente eziva ebweru, nga ziddirirwa ssente eziva mu bantu ababeera ebweru w'eggwanga n'ebyobulimi. Ekitongole kya Kenya Tourism Board kivunaanyizibwa ku kukuuma obubaka obukwata ku by'obulambuzi mu Kenya. Ebintu ebisinga okusikiriza abalambuzi mulimu okulambula ebifo eby'enjawulo nga bayita mu kkuumiro ly'ebisolo 60 n'ebifo ebirala ebikuumibwamu ebisolo. Ebifo ebikuumibwamu ebisolo mulimu Maasai Mara Game Reserve, Samburu National Reserve, Solio Game Reserve, Shaba National Reserve, Buffalo Springs National Reserve n'ebirala. Ebintu ebirala ebisikiriza mulimu okusenguka kw'ebisolo ebiyitibwa wildebeest ku Masaai Mara; emizikiti gy'ebyafaayo, n'ebigo ebyazimbibwa mu kiseera ky'amatwale e Mombasa, Malindi, ne Lamu; ebifo ebimanyiddwa ennyo gamba nga olusozi Kenya olweru n'ekiwonvu kya Great Rift Valley; ennimiro z'amajaani e Kericho; ennimiro z'emmwanyi e Thika; okulaba obulungi olusozi Kilimanjaro okusala ensalo okuyingira Tanzania; n'ebbiici eziri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja Swahili, mu Indian Ocean. Abalambuzi, abasinga obungi nga bava mu Bugirimaani ne Bungereza, basikirizibwa nnyo ku bbiici eziri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja n'amakuumiro g'ebisolo, okusingira ddala, East ne Tsavo West National Park, 20,808 square kilometres (8,034 sq mi) mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba.

Eby'obulimi

Obulimi n'obulunzi kye ky'okubiri mu kuleeta amagoba mu Kenya oluvannyuma lw'ekitongole ky'obuweereza. Mu 2005, obulimi n'obulunzi, nga mw'otwalidde n'ebibira n'okuvuba, byakola ebitundu 24% ebya GDP, awamu n'ebitundu 18% eby'emirimu egisasulwa era ebitundu 50% eby'ensimbi eziva mu by'amaguzi ebifulumizibwa ebweru w'eggwanga. Ebirime ebikulu ebivaamu ssente z'amajaani, ebirime ebirimibwa mu nnimiro, ne kaawa. Ebirime ebirimibwa mu nnimiro y'amajaani bye bitundu ebisinga okukula era nga byombi bye bisinga okuba eby'omuwendo mu byonna eby'ebweru bya Kenya. Okulima emmere enkulu nga kasooli kusinziira ku nkyukakyuka y'obudde. Okukendeera kw'ebirime ebivaamu emmere kitera okwetaagisa obuyambi bw'emmere—okugeza mu 2004, olw'ekimu ku kyeya kya Kenya ekitera okubaawo.

Ekitongole ekikulemberwa International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) kifunye obuwanguzi obumu mu kuyamba abalimi okulima empiinamiti mu kifo kya kasooli naddala mu bitundu ebikalu. Empiinamiti ky'ekimera ekisobola okusimattuka embeera y'ekyeya, n'olwekyo asobola okulimibwa mu bitundu ebifuna enkuba etali waggulu wa mmiliita 650 (inchi 26) buli mwaka. Pulojekiti ez'enkizo zikubirizza okutunda ebimera eby'ensigo nga zikubiriza okukulaakulanya ensigo ez'omu kitundu n'obukolagano bw'abalimi n'abasuubuzi okugaba n'okutunda. Omulimu guno, ogwazingiramu okugatta abalimi ku batunda ebintu mu bungi, kyayamba okwongeza emiwendo gy'abalimi mu kitundu ekyo ebitundu 20–25% mu Nairobi ne Mombasa. Okutunda empinnamiti kisobozesa abalimi abamu okugula ebintu eby'enjawulo okuva ku masimu ag'omu ngalo okutuuka ku ttaka n'ebisolo, era kibagguliddewo emikisa okuva mu bwavu.

Amajaani, kaawa, ekigooggwa, senturuma, kasooli, ne ŋŋaano birimibwa mu bitundu eby'obusozi ebirimu ettaka eggimu, ekimu ku bitundu ebisinga okulimibwamu mu Afirika. Okulunda ebisolo kwe kukulembera mu savanna eri mu Bukiikakkono n'Ebuvanjuba. Kooko, ennaanansi, ppamba, ebikajjo, senturuma, ne kasooli birimibwa mu bitundu ebiri ku madaala aga wansi. Kenya tennatuuka ku mutindo gw’okusiga ensimbi n’okukola obulungi mu by'obulimi n’obulunzi ebiyinza okukakasa obukuumi bw’emmere, era nga kino kigattiddwako obwavu obuvaamu (abantu 53 ku buli kikumi babeera wansi w’omutindo gw’obwavu), ekitundu ky’abantu kinene buli kiseera kifa njala era nga kyesigama nnyo ku buyambi bw’emmere. Enguudo embi, entambula y’eggaali y’omukka etatuukiridde, entambula y’oku mazzi etakozesebwa bulungi, n’entambula y’ennyonyi ey’ebbeeyi ebasudde ebitundu ebisinga obukalu n’ebitali bya nkalakkalira, era abalimi mu bitundu ebirala emirundi mingi basuula emmere mu nnimiro kubanga tebasobola kutuuka ku butale. Kino kyasembyeyo okulabibwa mu Gwomunaana ne mu Gwomwenda 2011, ne kireetera abantu ba Kenya okutandikawo enteekateeka ya Kenya for Kenya eyakolebwa ekitongole kya Red Cross.

Eby'okufukirira mu Kenya bigabanyizibwamu ebika by'entegeka bisatu: entegeka entonotono ez'abalimi kinnoomu, entegeka za gavumenti eziddukanyizibwa wakati, n'entegeka z'obwannannyini/ezikola bizinensi ez'okufukirira.

Enteekateeka z'okufukirira ez'abalimi abatono zibeera za bantu kinnoomu oba ebibinja by'abalimi abakola ng'abakozesa amazzi oba ebibinja eby'eyamba saako n'okwewanirira. Okufukirira kukolebwa ku faamu z'abantu kinnoomu oba ku faamu z'ebibinja nga buli emu eba ya 0.1–0.4 ha. Waliwo enteekateeka z'okufukirira ez'abalimi abatono nga 3,000 ezibikka ettaka lya 47,000 ha. Eggwanga lirina enkola ennene musanvu ezifukirira, ezikolebwa mu makkati, nga ze Mwea, Bura, Hola, Perkera, West Kano, Bunyala, ne Ahero, nga zikwata ku ttaka lya yiika 18,200 era nga buli nkola ekwata ku yiika 2,600. Enkola zino ziddukanyizibwa National Irrigation Board era nga ze zisinga okufukirira ettaka mu Kenya ebitundu 18%. Ffaamu z'obwannannyini ez'amaanyi ezikolerwamu eby'obusuubuzi zirimu yiika 45,000, nga ze zikola ebitundu 40% eby'ettaka erifukirirwa. Zikozesa tekinologiya ow'amaanyi era ne zivaamu ebirime eby'omuwendo ennyo eby'okutunda ebweru w'eggwanga, naddala ebimuli n'enva endiirwa.

Kenya y'ensi ey'okusatu mu nsi yonna mu kutunda ebimuli ebisaliddwa ebweru w'eggwanga. Kumpi ekitundu kimu kyakubiri ku faamu z'ebimuli 127 mu Kenya zisangibwa okumpi n'Ennyanja Naivasha, kilomita 90 mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bwa Nairobi. Okwanguya okutunda kwabwe ebweru w'eggwanga, ekisaawe ky'ennyonyi ekya Nairobi kirina ekifo ekikola ku ntambuza y'ebimuli n'enva endiirwa.

Amakolero n'okufulumya ebintu

Wadde nga Kenya nsi eri ku ddaala erya wansi mu by'enfuna, eby'amakolero bitwala ebitundu 14% ebya GDP, ng'emirimu gy'amakolero gikolebwa mu bibuga ebisatu ebisinga obunene, Nairobi, Mombasa, ne Kisumu, era nga gisinga kutwalibwa makolero agakola emmere nga okusa emmere, okukola omwenge, okusiba omuwemba, n'okukola ebintu ebyettanirwa abantu, gamba nga emmotoka okuva mu bitundutundu. Kenya nayo erina amakolero agakola seminti. Kenya erina ekkolero ly'amafuta erikola ku mafuta agaleetebwa okuva ebweru okugafuula ebintu ebikolebwamu amafuta, okusingira ddala okukozesebwa mu ggwanga. Okugatta ku ekyo, ekitongole ekitali mu butongole ekimanyiddwa nga jua kali kikola ebintu ebitonotono mu maka, ebitundu by'emmotoka, n'ebyuma ebikozesebwa mu kulima.

Okuteeka Kenya mu abo abaganyulwa mu tteeka lya Gavumenti ya Amerika erya African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) kiyambye nnyo mu by'amakolero mu myaka egyakayita. Okuva AGOA lwe yatandika mu 2000, Kenya bye yatunda mu ngoye mu United States by'eyongera okuva ku bukadde bwa ddoola 44 okutuuka ku bukadde bwa ddoola 270 (2006). Enteekateeka endala ez'okunyweza eby'okukola ebintu mwe muli enkola ya gavumenti empya ey'okusonyiwa omusolo, omuli n'okuggyawo omusolo ku byuma ebikozesebwa mu makolero n'ebintu ebirala ebikozesebwa mu kukola ebintu..

Mu 2023, Kenya eri mu nteekateeka y'okuzimba paaka z'amakolero ttaano ezijja okukola nga tezisasula misolo, nga zisuubirwa okumalirizibwa mu 2030. Waliwo ebigendererwa by'okukulaakulanya paaka endala 20 ez'amakolero mu biseera eby'omu maaso.

Eby'entambula

Amakubo g'emmotoka aga Trans-African abiri gayita mu Kenya okuli: Cairo-Cape Town Highway ne Lagos-Mombasa Highway, n'olwekyo eggwanga lirina enguudo ez'amaanyi omuli ennime/ enkole saako n'ezo ezitali nnime oba nkole. Enkola y'eggaali y'omukka mu Kenya ekwataganya emikutu gy'oku mwalo n'ebibuga ebikulu, nga kigigatta ku muliraano Uganda. Waliwo ebisaawe by'ennyonyi 15 ebirina enguudo enkole/ enzimbe.

Amasanyalaze

Abakozi b'amasanyalaze ku Olkaria Geothermal Power Plant

kitundu ekisinga obunene eky'amasannyalaze ga Kenya kiva mu ttaka,, ne kigobererwa amasannyalaze g'amasannyalaze agakolebwa mu mazzi g'omugga Tana ogw'omu Bukiikakkono, awamu ne Turkwel Gorge Dam mu Bugwanjuba. Ekkolero ly'amafuta agookya ku lubalama lw'ennyanja, ebifo ebikozesa amasannyalaze g'omu ttaka mu Olkaria (okumpi ne Nairobi), n'amasannyalaze agaleetebwa okuva e Uganda bye bikola ekitundu ekisigaddeyo. Oluguudo lw'amasannyalaze olwa MW 2,000 okuva e Ethiopia lwamalirizibwa mu 2022.

E Kenya obusobozi obuteereddwawo bweyongera okuva ku megawatts 1,142 wakati wa 2001 ne 2003 okutuuka ku 2,341 mu 2016. Ekitongole kya gavumenti ekya Kenya Electricity Generating Company (KenGen), ekyatandikibwawo mu 1997 nga kiyitibwa Kenya Power Company, kye kikola ku kukola amasannyalaze, Kenya Electricity Transmission Company kikola ku kusaasaanya amasannyalaze ate Kenya Power and Lighting ekola ku kusaasaanya amasannyalaze mu ggwanga. Ebbula ly'amasannyalaze libaawo buli luvannyuma lw'ekiseera, ekyeya bwe kikendeeza ku ntambula y'amazzi. Okusobola okufuna amasannyalaze agamala, Kenya etaddewo amasannyalaze g'empewo n'amasannyalaze g'enjuba (buli limu lya MW 300), era erina ekiruubirirwa eky'okuzimba ekkolero ly'amasannyalaze ga nukiriya mu 2027.

Kenya erina amafuta agakakasiddwa mu Turkana. Tullow Oil eteebereza nti amafuta agali mu ggwanga gali mu bipipa kumpi akawumbi kamu. Okunoonyereza kukyagenda mu maaso okulaba oba nga waliwo amafuta amalala. Kenya mu kiseera kino egula amafuta gonna aga crude petroleum ge yeetaaga. Okuva mu 2013 gavumenti yasalawo okugula amafuta aga white petroleum agakoleddwa. Kenya Pipeline Company y'ekitongole kya gavumenti ekivunaanyizibwa ku kutereka n'okutambuza amafuta ga white petroleum. Ekitongole ekitambuza amafuta ekya Kenya Pipeline Company ye parastatal eya gavumenti ng'erina obuvunaanyizibwa bw'okutereka n'okutambuza amafuta ameeru. Gye buvuddeko awo gavumenti yagiggyako obwannannyini nga gavumenti erina omugabo mitono. Kenya terina tterekero lya mafuta era yeesigama ku bitongole ebikola ku by'amafuta ebyatereka amafuta agamala ennaku 21 nga kino kyetaagisa mu mateeka g'amakolero. Amafuta gakola ebitundu 20%-ku-25% ku by'amaguzi byonna ebigulibwa okuva ebweru w'eggwanga.

Ba musiga nsimbi aba China n'obusuubuzi

Ebyafulumizibwa ku mukutu gwa Capital FM owa Kenya nga byawandiikibwa Liu Guangyuan, omubaka wa China mu Kenya, mu kiseera Pulezidenti Kenyatta we yagendera e Beijing mu 2013, byagamba nti, "Okusiga ensimbi kwa China mu Kenya ... kwatuuka ku bukadde bwa ddoola 474, nga kino kye kyali ensibuko y'okusiga ensimbi okuva ebweru eyali esinga obunene mu Kenya, era ... eby'obusuubuzi wakati w'amawanga gombi ... byatuuka ku bukadde bwa ddoola 2.84" mu 2012. Kenyatta yali "awerekeddwa abasuubuzi ba Kenya 60 [era nga yali asuubira] ... okufuna obuwagizi okuva mu China ku nteekateeka y'eggaali y'omukka eya ddoola obuwumbi 2.5 okuva ku mwalo gw'e Mombasa mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Kenya okutuuka ku Uganda ey'oku muliraano, awamu ne daamu ya ddoola obuwumbi 1.8", okusinziira ku kiwandiiko okuva mu ofiisi ya pulezidenti, era mu kiseera ky'olugendo luno.

Base Titanium, ekitongole ekya Base Resources eky'omu Australia, kyasindika mu China ebintu byakyo eby'omuwendo ebisooka. Tani nga 25,000 eza ilmenite zaasimbula okuva mu kibuga ky'e Kenya ekiri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja ekiyitibwa Kilifi. Ebintu ebyasooka okuleetebwa ku mwalo byali bisuubirwa okuvaamu ssente za Kenya eziri mu buwumbi bwa KSh.15–20/= mu magoba. Mu 2014, pulojekiti y'eggaali y'omukka eya China okuva e Nairobi okutuuka e Mombasa yayimirizibwa olw'obutakkaanya ku kusasula/ okuliyirira abantu bannanyini ettaka.

Vision 2030

Mu 2007, gavumenti ya Kenya yatongoza Vision 2030, enteekateeka y'enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna gy'esuubira okuteeka eggwanga mu kifo kye kimu n'Amawanga ga Asia ag'eby'enfuna ag'amaanyi mu 2030. Mu 2013, yatongoza National Climate Change Action Plan, oluvannyuma lw'okukkiriza nti okubuusa amaaso embeera y'obudde ng'ensonga enkulu mu Vision 2030 kyali kibulamu. Enteekateeka eno ey'empapula 200, eyakolebwa n'obuyambi okuva mu Climate & Development Knowledge Network, eteekawo okwolesebwa kwa Gavumenti ya Kenya ku nkulaakulana ey'engeri y'okukendeeza ku kaboni mu ngeri ey'obuvunaanyizibwa ku mbeera y'obudde. Mu kutongoza mu Gwokusatu 2013, Omuwandiisi wa Minisitule y’Enteekateeka, Enkulaakulana ey’Eggwanga, ne Vision 2030 yaggumiza nti embeera y’obudde yandibadde nsonga nkulu mu nteekateeka ya Medium-Term eyali egenda okutongozebwa mu myezi egigenda okujja. Kino kyandireeseewo enkola ennungi ey’okutuusa ku bantu enteekateeka ey’Ebikolwa era ne kikakasa nti enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y’obudde ekwatibwa ng’ensonga ekwata ku by'enfuna byonna.. Ate era, Kenya yaweereza NDC ey’omulembe, eyalimu ebiruubirirwa eby’amaanyi nga 24 Ogwekkumineebiri 2020, ng’erimu okweyama okukendeeza ku gasi ezitega olubugumu ku nsi ebitundu 32 ku buli kikumi mu 2030 bw’ogeraageranya n’embeera eya bulijjo era ng’ekwatagana n’enteekateeka yaayo ey’enkulaakulana ey’olubeerera n’embeera zaayo.

Okuvumbula amafuta

Kenya ezuddeyo amafuta mu Ssaza lye Turkana. Pulezidenti Mwai Kibaki yalangirira nga 26 Ogwokusatu 2012 nti kampuni ya Tullow Oil, ey'Abangereza n'Abayiruki abanoonyereza ku mafuta, yali ezuddeyo amafuta, naye obusobozi bwago okuvaamu ssente n'okugakozesa byali byakutwala emyaka nga esatu okukakasibwa.

Ku ntandikwa ya 2006, pulezidenti wa China Hu Jintao yassa omukono ku ndagaano y'okunoonyereza ku mafuta ne Kenya, nga kino kye kimu ku by'obusuubuzi ebyakolebwa okusobozesa eby'obugagga bya Afirika okugenda mu maaso okuweereza China eyali egaziya ennyo mu by'enfuna.

Endagaano eno yakkiriza kampuni ya China eya CNOOC okusima amafuta mu Kenya, era nga kino kyali kitandika okusima amafuta mu bitundu bya Sudan n'ekitundu ekiriko enkaayana mu North Eastern Province, ku nsalo ne Somalia n'ebitundu ebiri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja. Waliwo okuteebereza okw'ekikugu okukwata ku bungi bw'amafuta agasobola okuzuulibwa.

Ebikolwa by'okulwanyisa okwonoona obutonde bw'ensi

Mu 2017, Kenya yawera obuveera obukozesebwa omulundi ogumu. Okusinziira ku kitongole ekivunaanyizibwa ku butonde bw'ensi, ebitundu 80% eby'abantu bagondera etteeka/okuwera kuno. Oluvannyuma, mu 2020, okuwera obuveera obukozesebwa omulundi ogumu kwa yongezebwayo mu bifo ebikuumibwa, omuli ebibira n'amakuumiro g'ebisolo.

tteeka eryayisibwa mu Gwomusanvu 2023 liragira kampuni okukendeeza ku bucaafu n’okukosa obutonde bw’ensi ebiva mu bintu bye baleeta mu katale ka Kenya, kinnoomu oba nga bayita mu nteekateeka ez’awamu. Obutafaananako n’ebyakolebwa emabega, bizinensi kati zirina okw'enyigira mu nteekateeka ez’okukungaanya kasasiro n’okuddamu okukozesa ebintu, gamba nga enteekateeka ya Petco eyassibwawo gavumenti mu 2018.

Emirimu n'abakozi

Kenya erina abakozi obukadde nga 24 n'omuwendo gw'abakola ogw'awamu gwa 74%, omuwendo gw'abatalina mirimu mu 2022 gwateeberezebwa okubeera ku biundu 5.6%

Okusinziira ku alipoota ya Banka y'Ensi Yonna eya 2019 Human Capital Index (HCI), eyapima obusobozi bw'abantu mu mulembe oguddako, Kenya yali esinga mu mawanga agali mu Sub-Saharan Africa n'obubonero bwa HCI obwa 0.52. Alipoota eno yagatta wamu ebintu eby'enjawulo ebikulu, omuli okusoma, okutaasa abaana, omutindo gw'okusoma, okukula obulungi n'okuwangaala kw'abantu abakulu mu alipoota emu eri wakati wa 0–1.

Bbanka eziwola ensimbi

Ebitongole ebisukka mu 20 biwa looni z'ebyobusuubuzi ku kigero ekinene, looni z'ebyobulimi, looni z'ebyenjigiriza, ne looni ez'ebigendererwa ebirala. Okwongereza ku ekyo, waliwo:

• looni ez'amangu, ezisingako okuba ez'ebbeeyi mu kigero ky'amagoba, naye nga zifunika mangu

• looni z'ebibinja ebitono (abali wakati wa bana ne bataano) n'ebibinja ebinene (okutuuka ku bantu 30)

• looni z'abakyala, nga nazo zisobola okufunibwa ne mu bibinja by'abakyala

Mu bantu abali mu bukadde nga 40 mu Kenya, obukadde nga 14 tebasobola kufuna buweereza bwa byanfuna okuyitira mu kusaba kw'okwewola mu butongole, ate obukadde obulala 12 tebalina we bayinza kufuna buweereza bwe by'enfuna. Okugatta ku ekyo, Bannakenya akakadde 1 be beesigama ku bibinja ebitali bya bitongole okufuna obuyambi mu by'enfuna.

Okusobola okukendeeza ku kizibu kino, enkola ya mobile banking service M-Pesa yatandikibwawo mu 2007 Vodafone ne Safaricom, nga bakolera wamu okuva mu Financial Deepening Challenge Fund competition eyatandikibwawo ekitongole kya UK government's Department for International Development. M-Pesa esobozesa abagikozesa okuteekako ssente, okuggyayo ssente, okusindika ssente, okusasula ebintu n’obuweereza (Lipa na M-Pesa), okufuna looni n’okutereka, byonna nga bakozesa masimu, esobozesezza obukadde n’obukadde bw’Abakenya abali mu mbeera y’obwavu okufuna enkola za digito.

Ebibalo by'abantu

Okubala abantu okwakolebwa ekitongole ekivunaanyizibwa ku kubala abantu ekya Kenya National Bureau of Statistics mu 2019 kwategeeza nti omuwendo gw'abantu mu Kenya guli 47,564,296. Eggwanga lirina abantu abakyali abato, nga ebitundu 73% ku batuuze bali wansi w'emyaka 30 olw'okweyongera kw'omuwendo gw'abantu okw'amangu, okuva ku bukadde 2.9 okutuuka ku bantu 40 mu kyasa ekiyise.

Nairobi maka eri Kibera, ekimu ku bitundu ebisinga okubeeramu abantu abangi mu nsi yonna. Ekibuga kino kirimu obuyumba obubi ennyo kigambibwa okubeeramu abantu wakati wa 170,000 ne 1,000,000. Ekitebe kya UNHCR mu Dadaab mu Bukiikakkono kirimu abantu nga 500,000.

Embu z'abantu

Kenya erimu abantu ab'enjawulo abazingiramu abangi ku bika by'abantu ebikulu mu Afirika n'ennimi. Wadde nga tewali lukalala lwa butongole olw'ebika bya Bannakenya, omuwendo gw'ebika by'abantu n'ebibinja ebirala ebisengekeddwa mu kubala abantu mu ggwanga lino gukyuse nnyo mu bbanga, nga gweyongedde okuva ku 42 mu 1969 okutuuka ku 120 mu 2019. Abatuuze abasinga ba Bantus (60%) oba Nilotes (30%). Abantu ab'omu kika kya Cushitic nabo bakola akatundu katono ku bantu abasinga obutono, nga bwe kiri ku Bawalabu, Abayindi, n'Abazungu.

Okusinziira ku kitongole ekivunaanyizibwa ku kubala emiwendo gy'abantu ekya Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS), amawanga agaali gasinga obunene mu 2019 gaali Kikuyu (8,148,668), Luhya (6,823,842), Kalenjin (6,358,113), Luo (5,066,966), Kamba (4,663,910), Somali (2,780,502), Kisii (2,703,235), Mijikenda (2,488,691), Meru (1,975,869), Maasai (1,189,522), ne Turkana (1,016,174). Ekitundu ky'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Kenya, ekyali kimanyiddwa nga NFD, kisingamu Basomali. Abantu abava mu mawanga amalala mulimu Abawalabu, Abaasiya, n’Abazungu.

Ennimi

Amawanga ga Kenya gatera okwogera ennimi zaabwe ez'obuzaaliranwa mu bitundu byabwe. Ennimi ebbiri ezikozesebwa mu butongole, Olungereza n'Oluswayiri, zikozesebwa mu ngeri ez'enjawulo okuwuliziganya n'abantu abalala. Olungereza lusinga kwogerwa mu by'obusuubuzi, mu masomero, ne mu gavumenti. Abantu ababeera okumpi n'ebibuga ne mu byalo tebatera kwogera nnimi nnyingi, ng'abasinga mu byalo boogera nnimi zaabwe ez'obuzaaliranwa zokka.

Olungereza olw'Abangereza lusinga kukozesebwa mu Kenya. Okwongereza ku ekyo, olulimi olw'omu kitundu olw'enjawulo, Olungereza olw'omu Kenya, lukozesebwa ebitundu ebimu mu ggwanga, era lulimu ebintu eby'enjawulo ebyava mu nnimi z'Abantu ab'omu kitundu nga Kiswahili ne Kikuyu. Lwali lukulaakulana okuva mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale era lulimu ebintu ebimu ebiri mu Lungereza olw'omu Amerika. Lubadde lukulaakulana okuva mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale era lulimu n'ebintu ebimu ebiri mu Lungereza lwa Amerika. Mu Gwoluberyeberye 2026, Kenya yali ku kifo kya 3 mu nsi ezisinga okwogera Olungereza mu Afirika emabega wa South Africa ne Zimbabwe era yali ku kifo kya 9 mu nsi yonna okusinziira ku English Proficiency Index (2025). Sheng lwe lulimi olw'esigamiziddwa ku Kiswahili olwogerwa mu bitundu ebimu eby'omu bibuga. Okusingira ddala nga lwe lufaanana nga Swahili n'Olungereza, kyakulabirako kya kukyusa mu nnimi.

Ennimi 69 ze zoogerwa mu Kenya. Ennimi ezisinga obungi ziva mu nnimi bbiri ennene: Niger-Congo (ettabi ly'aba Bantu) ne Nilo-Saharan (Nilotic branch), ezoogerwa abantu ab'omu Kenya ab'omu mawanga ga Bantu ne Nilotic. Abantu abatono ab'omu Cushitic ne Arab boogera ennimi eziva mu Afroasiatic family, ate abantu abava mu Buyindi n'abazungu boogera ennimi eziva mu Indo-European family.

Eddiini

Abakennya abasinga bakkiriza (85.5%), nga 33.4% Bapolotesitante, 20.6% Bakatoliki ate 20.4% Banzikiriza y'ekivangeliko. Ekkereziya y'Abakatoliki y'ekkanisa y'Abakkiriza esinga obunene mu Kenya, ng'erina abantu abawera obukadde 10. Ekkanisa ya Presbyterian Church of East Africa erina abagoberezi obukadde busatu mu Kenya ne mu nsi eziriraanyeewo.. Waliwo amakanisa amatono aga conservative Reformed churches, Africa Evangelical Presbyterian Church, Independent Presbyterian Church in Kenya, ne Reformed Church of East Africa. Obukristaayo obw'Abasodokisi bulina abagoberezi 621,200. Kenya y'esinga okubaamu Abakwakka mu nsi yonna, ng'erina Abakwakka nga 146,300. Essinzizo ly'Abayudaaya lyokka mu ggwanga liri mu Nairobi.

Obusiraamu ddiini ey'okubiri mu bunene, ng'erimu ebitundu 11% eby'abantu. Abasiraamu 60% mu Kenya babeera mu Coastal Region, erimu ebitundu 50% eby'abantu bonna ababeerayo, so ng'ate ekitundu ekya waggulu eky'Ebuvanjuba bwa Kenya kirimu Abasiraamu 10% ab'eggwanga, gye bali ng'ekibiina ky'eddiini ekisinga obunene. Eddiini z'ekinnansi zikolebwa ebitundu 0.7% eby'abantu, wadde ng'Abakristaayo n'Abasiraamu bangi abeeyita bwe batyo bakuuma enzikiriza n'obulombolombo obumu obw'ekinnansi. Abantu abatalina ddiini mu Kenya bali ebitundu 1.6% eby'abantu.

Abahindu abamu nabo babeera mu Kenya. Omuwendo gubalirirwa okubeera nga guli 60,287, oba ebitundu 0.13% eby'abantu bonna.

Eby'obulamu

Eby'obulamu kimu ku bitongole ebitali bya nkizo nnyo mu Kenya era byaweebwa ebitundu 4.8% ebya bajeti y'eggwanga mu 2019/2020 oba ebitundu 4.59% ebya GDP bw'ogeraageranya n'ebitongole ebirala ebya nkizo ennyo nga eby'enjigiriza ebyaweebwa ebitundu ebisukka mu 25%. Kino kiri wansi w'ebitundu 4.98% ebya bulijjo mu Sub-Saharan Africa ne 9.83% ebyasaasaanyizibwako mu nsi yonna.

Okusinziira ku kwekenneenya kw'embalirira y'ebyobulamu eya National and County Health Budget Analysis FY 2020/21, ennyonyolwa ensaasaanya y'ebyobulamu ku mutendera gw'Essaza ng'eri ku bitundu 58% ku Policy Planning and Administrative Support Services, 28% ku Curative and Rehabilitative Health Services, 8% ku Preventive and Promotive Health Services ne 7% ku pulogulaamu endala.

Obujjanjabi busasulirwa nnyo bantu ssekinnoomu n'ab'omu maka gaabwe oba abakozesa nga bayita mu kusasula obutereevu abasawo, mu nkola emanyikiddwa nga National Health Insurance Fund oba eri kampuni za yinsuwa z'ebyobujjanjabi. Okusasulirwa okulala kuva mu bitundu, ebweru w'eggwanga n'enteekateeka za gavumenti ezimu ez'okulabirira abantu. Amalwaliro gabaamu ebisale by'obujjanjabi era nga gakola ssente nnyingi eziva mu ggwanga ne mu gavumenti z'ebitundu ne zifuula amalwaliro gano okubeera ag'ebyobufuzi era ag'obuli bw'enguzi.

Amalwaliro ag'obwannannyini ga njawulo, gakyukakyuka nnyo, era mazibu okuteeka mu biti/, obutafaananako n'amalwaliro ga gavumenti, agasobola okuteekebwa mu biti omuli obujjanjabi obusookerwako (omutendera I) obukolebwa abasawo b'ebyalo; amaduuka agatunda eddagala (ebifo eby'omutendera II), ebikolebwa abasawo; amalwaliro (ebifo eby'omutendera III), ebikolebwa abasawo abakugu; amalwaliro ga sub-county (ebifo eby'omutendera IV), ebiyinza okukolebwa abasawo abakugu oba abasawo abakugu; amalwaliro g'Essaza (ebifo eby'omutendera V), ebiyinza okukolebwa abasawo abakugu; n'amalwaliro ag'eggwanga amanene (ebifo eby'omutendera VI), ebiyinza okukolebwa abasawo abakugu mu bujjuvu.

Ba nnansi be bantu abasinga obungi mu baweereza abali ku mwanjo mu by'obulamu mu bitongole byonna, nga baddirirwa abakozi b'omu ddwaliro, abasawo abakugu, n’abo abasoma obusawo. Bano baweebwa emirimu mu buweereza bwa gavumenti okusinziira ku nteekateeka y’emirimu gy’abasawo (2014), Enkyukakyuka mu nteekateeka y’emirimu gy’abasawo (2020) ne Enkyukakyuka mu nteekateeka y’emirimu gy’abasawo n’abasawo b’amannyo (2016).

Abasawo b'ekinnansi (abakugu mu ddagala ly'ekinnansi, abasawo b'ekinnansi, n'abasawo b'enzikiriza) webali mu bungi, beesigika, era batera okwebuuzibwako ng'abasawo abasookerwako oba abasembayo okwebuuzibwako abantu ababeera mu byalo n'ababeera mu bibuga.

Wadde nga waliwo ebintu bingi ebikoleddwa mu kisaawe ky'eby'obulamu, Kenya ekyalina okusoomoozebwa kungi. Okuteebereza okw’obulamu obusuubirwa okuwangaala kwalinnya mu 2009 okutuuka ku myaka nga 55 — emyaka etaano wansi w’omutindo gwa 1990. Omuwendo gw’abaana abafa nga bato gwali waggulu nnyo nga kumpi abaana 44 ku buli baana 1,000 be baafa mu 2012. Ekitongole ky'ensi yonna ekivunanyizibwa ku by'obulamu mu ekya WHO kyateebereza mu 2011 nti ebitundu 42% byokka eby’abaana abaali bazaalibwa be baalabirirwa omukugu mu by'obulamu.

Endwadde eziva ku bwavu zikwatagana butereevu n'engeri y'eby'enfuna by'eggwanga gye bikolamu n'okugabanya eby'obugagga: Mu 2015/16, Bannakenya ebitundu 35.6% baali babeera wansi w'omutindo gw'obwavu. Endwadde eziziyizibwa nga omusujja gw'ensiri, akawuka akaleeta mukenenya, lubyamira, ekiddukano, n'endya embi bye bizibu ebisinga obunene, abatta abaana abangi, era ebiviirako abantu bangi okulwala; enkola embi, obuli bw'enguzi, abasawo abatamala, obukulembeze obunafu mu kitongole ky'ebyobulamu, bingi ebivunaanyizibwa. Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2009, abantu abakulu abalina akawuka ka HIV/AIDS bali ebitundu 6.3% ku bantu bonna abakulu. Kyokka, alipoota ya UNAIDS eya 2011 eraga nti ekizibu ky’akawuka ka HIV kiyinza okuba nga kigenda kikendeera mu Kenya, ng’abalina akawuka ka HIV bakendeera mu bavubuka (emyaka 15–24) ne mu bakyala abali embuto. Kenya yalina abantu abateeberezebwa okuba obukadde 15 abaafuna omusujja gw’ensiri mu 2006. Akafuba bulwadde bwa maanyi eri eby'obulamu by’abantu. Omuntu omu alina akafuba mu Kenya alina obulwadde buno emirundi egisukka mu ena okusinga mu 1990 ne 2015.

Enjala mu Nsi Yonna ey'omwaka 2024 kyawa Kenya obubonero 25.0, nga kiraga nti obubi bw'enjala buli ku "ddala lya maanyi".

Abakyala

Omuwendo gw'abaana omukazi omu gw'azaala mu Kenya gwali gubalirirwa okuba abaana 4.49 buli mukazi mu 2012. Okusinziira ku kunoonyereza okwakolebwa gavumenti ya Kenya mu 2008–09, omuwendo gw'abaana omukazi omu gw'azaala gwali ebitundu 4.6% ate omuwendo gw'abakazi abakozesa enkola za kizaalaggumba gwali ebitundu 46%. Okufa kw'abakyala abazaala kuli waggulu, olw'okukomolebwa kw'abakyala, nga kumpi ebitundu 27% ku bakyala baakikola. Kyokka, ekikolwa kino kikendedde ng'eggwanga lyeyongera okukulaakulana, era mu 2011 kyawerebwa mu Kenya. Abakazi baaweebwa amaanyi n'omwagaanya mu by'enfuna nga tebannafugibwa bafuzi b'amatwale. Okuyita mu kugabana ettaka, abakazi baafiirwa obusobozi bw'okufuna n'okufuga ettaka. Baafuuka ba maanyi mu by'enfuna nga beesigama ku basajja. Enteekateeka y'ekikula ky'abantu ey'amatwale yajjawo nga abasajja babuutikira abakazi. Emyaka egiri wakati w'obufumbo obusooka gyeyongera n'okweyongera mu by'enjigiriza. Okukabasanya n'okukaka omukwano, okusobya ku baana abatanneetuuka, n'okukuba tebitera kulabibwa nga misango gya maanyi. Alipoota ezikwata ku kutulugunyizibwa oba okukabasanya tezitera kutwalibwa nga nkulu.

Abavubuka

Akawayiro 260 mu Ssemateeka wa Kenya owa 2010 kannyonnyola abavubuka ng’abo abali wakati w’emyaka 18 ne 34. Okusinziira ku bibalo by’omuwendo gw’abantu n’okubala abantu okwa 2019, ebitundu 75 ku buli kikumi ku bantu obukadde 47.6 bali wansi w’emyaka 35, ekifuula Kenya eggwanga ly’abavubuka. Ebbula ly’emirimu mu bavubuka n’okukola emirimu egitasasula bulungi mu Kenya kifuuse ekizibu. Okusinziira ku kitongole ekivunanyizibwa ku kubala abantu mu Kenya ekya Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS), abantu nga 1.7 baafiirwa emirimu gyabwe olw’ekirwadde kya COVID-19, ekyaggyawo emirimu egimu egitawandiisiddwa era ne kireetera eby'enfuna okukendeera. Gavumenti ya Kenya etaddewo enkola okukwasaganya ensonga y'ebbula ly'emirimu mu bavubuka ng'eteeka mu nkola enteekateeka ez'enjawulo ez'okuyamba abantu n'enteekateeka ez'enjawulo omuli: National Youth Service, The National Youth Enterprise Development Fund, The Women Enterprise Fund, Kazi Mtaani, Ajira Digital, Kikao Mtaani, Uwezo fund, Future Bora ne Studio mashinani ezizzaamu abavubuka amaanyi, okubawa emirimu n'okutumbula omutindo gw'obulamu bw'omuntu.

Eby'enjigiriza

Omuyizi w'obusawo mu Yunivasite ys Kenyatta mu Nairobi

Abaana basomera mu masomero ga nasale oba aga kindergarten ag'obwannannyini, okutuusa nga bawezezza emyaka etaano. Kino kimala emwaka gumu okutuuka ku esatu (KG1, KG2 ne KG3) era kisasulirwa bantu kinnoomu kubanga tewabangawo tteeka lya gavumenti ku kusomesa abaana abatanneetuuka okutuusa gye buvuddeko.

Okusoma okwa bulijjo kutandika ku myaka mukaaga era kumala emyaka 12, nga mulimu emyaka munaana mu pulayimale n’ena mu sekendule. Essomero lya pulayimale lya bwereere mu masomero ga gavumenti era abo abalisomeramu basobola okwegatta ku matendekero g’ebyemikono aga youth/village polytechnic, oba okukola enteekateeka zaabwe ku lwabwe ez’okutendekebwa mu mirimu egy’enjawulo ne bayiga emirimu nga okutunga, okubajja, okukanika emmotoka, okukuba amatoffaali n’okuzimba okumala emyaka nga ebiri.

Abo abamaliriza siniya basobola okuyingira mu matendekero ga politekiniki oba amatendekero amalala ag'ebyemikono ne basomera emyaka esatu, oba okugenda butereevu ku ssettendekero ne basomera emyaka ena. Abamaliriza okuva mu matendekero ga politekiniki ne mu matendekero amalala basobola okuyingira mu mirimu n'oluvannyuma ne bafuna dipulooma ey'enjawulo oluvannyuma lw'okwongerako omwaka gumu oba ebiri ogw'okutendekebwa, oba okugenda ku ssettendekero—nga mu mwaka ogw'okubiri oba ogw'okusatu ogw'essomo lyabwe eribabeeramu. Dipulooma ey'awaggulu ekkirizibwa abakozesa bangi mu kifo kya diguli eya bachelor's era okuyingira butereevu oba okwanguyirwa okugenda mu misomo egya waggulu kisoboka mu ssettendekero ezimu.

Omuwala omu Masai ku ssomero

Ssettendekero za gavumenti mu Kenya zafuuka z'ansimbi era zitunda nnyo era batono nnyo ku abo abamalirizza emisomo gyabwe mu siniya abakkirizibwa okusomera ku sikaala za gavumenti mu pulogulaamu ze baagala. Abasinga bakkirizibwa mu bya ssaayansi ezikwata ku bantu, ezitwala ssente entono okuddukanya, oba ng'abayizi abeeteeseteese okusasulira ddala ebisale by'okusoma kwabwe. Abayizi abasinga abatuukiriza ebisaanyizo naye ne balemererwa okufuna ebifo basalawo okusoma dipulooma ez'omutendera ogwa wakati mu ssettendekero za gavumenti oba ez'obwannannyini, amatendekero, ne mu matendekero ga politekiniki.

Mu 2018, ebitundu 18.5 ku buli kikumi eby'abantu abakulu mu Kenya baali tebamanyi kusoma na kuwandiika, era nga guno gwe gwali omuwendo ogusinga obunene ogw'abantu abasobola okusoma n'okuwandiika mu East Africa. Waliwo enjawulo ennene mu bitundu: okugeza, Nairobi yalina omutindo gw'okusoma n'okuwandiika ogusinga obunene nga guli ku bitundu 87.1 ku buli kikumi, bw'ogeraageranya n'Essaza ly'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, eryali lisembayo wansi, ku bitundu 8.0 ku buli kikumi. Preschool, ekiruubirira abaana okuva ku myaka esatu okutuuka ku etaano, kitundu kikulu mu nkola y'ebyenjigiriza era kye kyetaagisa okuyingira mu Standard One (First Grade). Ku nkomerero y'okusoma kwa pulayimale, abayizi batuula ebigezo bya Kenya Certificate of Primary Education (KCPE), ekisalawo abo abagenda mu siniya oba okutendekebwa mu by'emikono. Ebiva mu bigezo bino byetaagisa okusobola okusindikibwa mu siniya.

Essomero lya pulayimale lya bayizi abali wakati w'emyaka 6/7-13/14. Abo abagenda mu siniya, waliwo ebigezo by'eggwanga lyonna ku nkomerero ya siniya Ey'okuna – Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE), ekisalawo abo abagenda mu yunivasite, okutendekebwa okulala okw'ekikugu, oba emirimu. Abayizi batuula ebigezo mu masomo munaana ge balonze. Kyokka, Olungereza, Kiswahili, n'okubala bye masomo ag'obuwaze.

Ekitongole kya Kenya Universities and Colleges Central Placement Service (KUCCPS), ekyali ekiyitibwa Joint Admissions Board (JAB), kye kivunaanyizibwa ku kulonda abayizi abayingira mu yunivasite za gavumenti. Ng'oggyeeko amasomero ga gavumenti, waliwo amasomero mangi ag'obwannannyini, okusingira ddala mu bitundu by'ebibuga. Mu ngeri y'emu, waliwo amasomero mangi ag'ensi yonna agakola ku nkola z'ebyenjigiriza ez'enjawulo ez'ensi z'ebweru.

Kenya yali mu kifo kya 102 mu Global Innovation Index mu 2025.

Obuwangwa

Obuwangwa bwa Kenya buzingiramu obulombolombo obw'enjawulo okuva mu mawanga 42 (+).[1] Kenya terina buwangwa bumanyiddwa nnyo. Wabula elimu obuwangwa obw'enjawulo mu bitundu eby'enjawulo.

Abantu abamanyiddwa ennyo mulimu Abaswayiri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja, abantu abalala ab'ekika kya Bantu mu bitundu bya wakati ne mu Bugwanjuba, n'abantu ab'ekika kya Nilotic mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba. Obuwangwa bw'Abamaasai bumanyiddwa nnyo mu by'obulambuzi, wadde nga bantu batono nnyo mu bantu abali mu Kenya. Bamanyiddwa olw'okwesiiga n'okwambala eby'omuwendo eby'okwewunda.

Kenya erina ennyimba, ttivvi, n'ebifo ebisanyukirwamu bingi.

Ebiwandiiko

Ekitebe kya Nation Media House ekikulembera Nation Media Group

Omuwandiisi Munnakenya Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o

Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o y'omu ku bawandiisi ba Kenya abasinga okumanyibwa. Ekitabo kye Weep Not, Child kiraga obulamu mu Kenya mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bwa Bungereza. Emboozi eno eraga ebizibu bya Mau Mau ku bulamu bw'Abannakenya. Okugattika kw'ebigambo ebirimu—obufuzi bw'amatwale, okusoma, n'okwagala—kyayamba okukifuula kimu ku bitabo by'Abafirika ebisinga okumanyibwa.

Akatabo ka M.G. Vassanji aka 2003 The In-Between World of Vikram Lall kaawangula ekirabo kya Giller Prize mu 2003. Kino kiwandiiko eky'ekikungu ak'Omunnakennya ow'obuzaale bw'Abayindi ne famire ye nga bwe bagezaako okumanyiira embeera z'ebyobufuzi ezikyukakyuka mu Kenya ey'amatwale n'oluvannyuma lw'amatwale.

Okuva mu 2003, akatabo k'ebiwandiiko akayitibwa Kwani? kabadde kafulumya ebiwandiiko bya Bannakenya eby'omulembe guno. Kenya era ezimbye abawandiisi abapya abalina obusobozi obw'enjawulo nga Paul Kipchumba (Kipwendui, Kibiwott) abalaga endowooza ya Afirika yonna.

Ennyimba

Kenya erina ennyimba ez'enjawulo ezimanyiddwa ennyo, okwongereza ku ngeri z'ennyimba ez'ekinnansi ez'enjawulo okusinziira ku njawulo y'ennimi ezisukka mu 40 ez'ebitundu.

Muyimbi Munnakenya amanyikiddwa ennyo

Engoma ze zisinga okukozesebwa mu nnyimba za Kenya ezimanyiddwa ennyo. Ennyimba z'engoma ziba nzibu nnyo era zirimu ennyimba z'ekinnansi n'ezo ezireeteddwa okuva ebweru, naddala ez'ekika kya cavacha eza Congo. Ennyimba za Kenya ezimanyiddwa ennyo zitera okubaamu ennyimba ez'enjawulo ezikwatagana, era ennaku zino, waliwo n'ennyimba za gita eziwuniikiriza. Era waliwo abayimbi ba hip-hop abawera, omuli Jua Cali; ebibiina bya Afro-pop nga Sauti Sol; n'abayimbi abazannya ennyimba ez'ekinnansi nga Benga, nga Akothee.

Ebigambo ebiri mu nnyimba zino bitera kubeera mu Luswayiri oba mu Lungereza. Waliwo n'ekintu ekirala ekigenda kyeyongera mu Lingala ekiggyibwa ku bayimbi b'omu Congo. Ebigambo era biwandiikibwa mu nnimi ennansi. Leediyo z'omu bibuga zitera kuwuliriza nnyimba za Lungereza zokka, wadde nga waliwo ne leediyo endala ezikozesa ennimi ennansi.

Zilizopendwa kika kya nnyimba z'omu bibuga ezaakwatibwa mu myaka gya 1960, 70, ne 80 abayimbi nga Daudi Kabaka, Fadhili William, ne Sukuma Bin Ongaro, era nga zisinga kunyumirwa bantu abakulu—nga zaamanyibwa nnyo olw'okuweerezebwa ku mpewo za Kenya Broadcasting Corporation's Kiswahili service (edda eyayitibwanga Voice of Kenya oba VOK).

Isukuti ge mazina ag'amaanyi agakolebwa ebika by'Abaluha ab'omu Luhya nga bakuba engoma ey'ekinnansi eyitibwa Isukuti ku mikolo mingi nga okuzaalibwa kw'omwana, obufumbo, oba okuziika. Amazina amalala ag'ennono mulimu Ohangla mu Balo, Nzele mu Bamiikenda, Mugithi mu Bakikuyu, ne Taarab mu Baswayiri.

Kenya erina ennyimba z'eddiini ezilyowa emyoyo. Abayimbi b'ennyimba z'ekkanisa abamanyifu mu ggwanga mulimu ekibiina kya Kenyan Boys Choir.

Ennyimba za benga zibadde zimanyiddwa okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1960, naddala mu kitundu ekiriraanye Ennyanja Nalubaale. Ekigambo benga oluusi kikozesebwa okutegeeza ekika kyonna eky'ennyimba za pop. Bass, guitar, n'okukuba ebivuga bye bintu ebitera okukozesebwa.

Eby'emizannyo

Jepkosgei Kipyego ne Jepkemoi Cheruiyot mu mpaka za London Olympics 2012

Kenya yeenyigira mu mizannyo mingi egy'enjawulo omuli cricket, okuvuga emmotoka z'empaka, omupiira, rugby, field hockey, n'ebikonde. Eggwanga limanyiddwa nnyo olw'obuwanguzi bwayo mu misinde egy'okwetooloola ekisaawe n'egy'okwetooloola ebbanga eddene, nga bulijjo libadde livaamu bannantameggwa mu mizannyo gya Olimpiki ne mu mizannyo gya Commonwealth Games mu misinde egy'enjawulo, naddala mu mita 800, 1,500, 3,000 steeplechase, 5,000, 10,000, n'emisinde mubuna byalo. Abaddusi ba Kenya (naddala Kalenjin), beeyongera okufuga ensi y'okudduka emisinde emiwanvu, wadde nga okuvuganya okuva e Morocco ne Ethiopia kukendeezezza obukulu buno. Abamu ku baddusi ba Kenya abamanyiddwa ennyo mulimu omuwanguzi w'empaka z'abakazi eza Boston Marathon emirundi ena era omuwanguzi w'ensi yonna emirundi ebiri Catherine Ndereba, omuwanguzi w'ensi yonna ow'obudde bwa mita 800 David Rudisha, eyaliko omuwanguzi w'ensi yonna mu misinde gy'okwetooloola ebyalo Paul Tergat, ne John Ngugi eyawangula omudaali gwa zaabu mu misinde gya 5000m mu Olympics. Omuddusi wa Kenya asinga okuweebwa ebirabo ye Eliud Kipchoge, eyawangula emidaali gya zaabu emirundi esatu mu Olympics era eyawangula emisinde gy'ensi yonna emirundi kkumi na gumu.

Kenya yawangula emidaali mingi mu mizannyo gya Olimpiki egya Beijing nga baawangula emidaali gya: zaabu mukaaga, feeza nnya, ne kikomo nnya, ne kigifuula eggwanga lya Afirika erisinga okuba n'obuwanguzi mu mizannyo gya Olimpiki egya 2008. Abazannyi abapya baafuna ettutumu, gamba nga Pamela Jelimo, omuwanguzi w'omudaali gwa zaabu mu mmita 800 eyagenda mu maaso n'okuwangula IAAF Golden League jackpot, ne Samuel Wanjiru, eyawangula emisinde gy'abasajja egy'amubuna byalo. Kipchoge Keino eyawummula eyawangula Olimpiki ne Common Wealth Games yayamba okutandikawo obuwanguzi mu misinde mu myaka gya 1970 era n'agobererwa Henry Rono eyawangula Common Wealth Champion's spectacular string of world record performances. Gye buvuddeko awo, wabaddewo obutakkaanya mu baddusi b'omu Kenya, ng'abaddusi ba Kenya bangi baddukira mu mawanga amalala, okusingira ddala Bahrain ne Qatar. Minisitule y'ebyemizannyo mu Kenya egezezzaako okukomya okudduka mu mawanga, naye beeyongeddeyo, nga Bernard Lagat gwe basembyeyo, okusalawo okukiikirira Amerika.Abaddusi ba Kenya abasinga obungi abadduka mu mawanga gaabwe baddukira mu mawanga malala, kiva ku nsonga za byanfuna oba ebyensimbi. Okusalawo kwa gavumenti ya Kenya okussa omusolo ku nnyingiza y'abaddusi nakyo kiyinza okuba nga kye kibasindiikiriza. Abaddusi ba Kenya abasinga obungi abatasobola kuyitamu ku ttiimu y'eggwanga ey'amaanyi basanga obuzibu okuyitamu nga badduka ku ttiimu z'amawanga amalala.

Omuwanguzi w'emisinde gya mita 800, David Rudisha

Kenya ebadde n'amaanyi mangi mu muzannyo gw'abakyala ogwa volleyball mu Afirika, nga kiraabu ne ttiimu y'eggwanga ziwangula empaka ez'enjawulo ku ssemazinga mu myaka ekkumi egiyise. Ttiimu y'abakyala ezannye mu Olimpiki ne mu mpaka z'ensi yonna, wadde nga tebadde na buwanguzi bwa maanyi. Cricket gwe muzannyo omulala ogumanyiddwa ennyo, era nga gwe gusinga okuba n'obuwanguzi mu mizannyo gy'ebibinja. Kenya ezannye mu Cricket World Cup okuva mu 1996. Baakubaamu ezimu ku ttiimu ezisinga obulungi mu nsi era ne batuuka ku ddaala lya semi-finals mu mpaka za 2003. Baawangula World Cricket League Division 1 eyasooka eyali mu Nairobi era ne beetaba mu World T20. Era beetaba mu ICC Cricket World Cup 2011. Kapiteeni waabwe aliwo kati ye Rakep Patel.

Roshan Ali eyaliko omukuumi wa goolo ku ttiimu ya Kenya eya Hockey

Rugby yeeyongera okumanyibwa, naddala n’empaka za Safari Sevens ezibaawo buli mwaka. Ttiimu ya Kenya eya Sevens yali mu kifo kya 9 mu IRB Sevens World Series mu sizoni ya 2006. Mu 2016, ttiimu yakuba Fiji mu mpaka za Singapore Sevens ez’akamalirizo, ekyaleetera Kenya okubeera eggwanga ery’okubiri mu Afirika oluvannyuma lwa South Africa okuwangula empaka za World Series. Kenya nayo yali eggwanga ery'amaanyi mu mupiira mu kitundu. Kyokka, obuyinza bwayo bukendedde olw'enkaayana mu kibiina ekyali kiddukanya omupiira mu kenya ekya Kenya Football Federation ekitakyaliwo, ekiviiriddeko okugobebwa FIFA mu Gwokusatu 2007.

Mu mpaka z'emmotoka ez'empaka, Kenya y'ewaka w'empaka za Safari Rally ezimanyiddwa mu nsi yonna, ezimanyiddwa ng'emu ku mpaka ezisinga okuba enzibu mu nsi yonna. Empaka zino zaasooka kubaawo mu 1953, era zaali kitundu ku mpaka za World Rally Championship okumala emyaka mingi okutuusa lwe zaagibwamu oluvannyuma lw'empaka za 2002 olw'ebizibu by'ensimbi. Abamu ku bavuzi b'empaka z'emmotoka abasinga obulungi mu nsi yonna beenyigidde mu mpaka zino era ne baziwangula, gamba nga Björn Waldegård, Hannu Mikkola, Tommi Mäkinen, Shekhar Mehta, Carlos Sainz, ne Colin McRae. Empaka za Safari Rally zaakomawo mu mpaka za nsi yonna mu 2021, oluvannyuma lw'empaka za 2003–2019 okutegekebwa ng'ekitundu ku African Rally Championship.

Nairobi etegeseeko emizannyo mingi egy'amaanyi ku ssemazinga, omuli empaka za FIBA Africa Championship 1993, ttiimu y'eggwanga ey'omupiira gw'ensero bwe yamalira mu bana abasooka, nga kino kye kyali ekisingayo obulungi okutuusa kati.

Kenya nayo erina ttiimu yaayo ey'omuzannyo gwa ice hockey, eyitibwa Kenya Ice Lions. Ekisaawe kya ttiimu eno ekikulu kiyitibwa Solar Ice Rink ku Panari Sky Centre mu Nairobi, nga kino kye kisaawe ky'omuzannyo guno eky'asooka era ekisinga obunene mu Afirika yonna.

Ttiimu y'eggwanga ey'abasajja ey'omuzannyo gwa Hockey yali emu ku ttiimu ezisinga mu nsi mu myaka gya 1960 ne 1970.

Kenya yali mu kifo kyamukaaga mu mpaka za Summer Olympics hockey ez'omu 1964 ate mu 1971 yali mu kifo kya kuna mu mpaka z'abasajja eza FIH Hockey World Cup.

Emmere yaabwe

Ugali ne Sukuma wiki emu ku emmere esinga okulibwa mu kenya

Bannakenya okutwaliza awamu balya emirundi esatu olunaku—ekyenkya (kiamsha kinywa), ekyemisana (chakula cha mchana), n'ekyeggulo (chakula cha jioni oba simply chajio). Mu makkati, banywa caayi ow'essaawa 10 (chai ya saa nne) ne caayi ow'essaawa 10 ez'olweggulo (chai ya saa kumi). Ekyenkya kitera kuba caayi oba obuugi n'omugaati, chapati, mahamri, lumonde omufumbe, oba amayuuni. Githeri mmere ya bulijjo eliibwa nga eky'emisana mu maka agawerako, so nga ate Ugali n'enva endiirwa, amata (mursik), ennyama, eby'ennyanja, oba enva endala zitera kuliibwa abantu abasinga obungi nga ky'emisana oba eky'eggulo.

Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Kenya, mu bantu abayitibwa Luo, eby'ennyanja kye kijjulo ekisinga okuliibwa; mu bantu abayitibwa Kalenjin, abasinga obungi mu kitundu kya Rift Valley Region, mursik—amata kye ky'okunywa ekisinga okunywebwa.

Cheese afuuse wa ttutumu mu Kenya, ng'okugirya kweyongedde naddala mu bantu ab'omutendera ogw'okubiri.

Laba ne

• Amawanga ku Ssemazinga wa Africa
• Olukalala lw'amasaza ga Kenya
• Olukalala lw'aBannakenya
• Enkolagana ya Kenya n'amawanga amalala
• Okubunyisa amazzi mu Kenya n'obuyonjo