Christopher Houston Carson (1809 - 1868)

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Biography

Kit Carson was an American frontiersman and Indian fighter, exploring the American West all the way to California and north into the Rockies. He became a mountain man and trapper across the region.

Kit Carson was a Kentuckian.

Carson left home in rural present-day Missouri at age 16 and became a mountain man and trapper in the West. He lived among and married into the Arapaho and Cheyenne tribes. He was hired by John C. Fremont as a guide, and led 'the Pathfinder' through much of California, Oregon and the Great Basin area. He achieved national fame through Fremont's accounts of his expeditions. He became the hero of many dime novels.^[1]

Carson was a courier and scout during the Mexican-American war from 1846 to 1848, celebrated for his rescue mission after the Battle of San Pasqual and his coast-to-coast journey from California to deliver news of the war to the U.S. government in Washington, D.C.. In the 1850s, he was the Agent to the Ute and Jicarilla Apaches. In the Civil War he led a regiment of mostly Hispanic volunteers at the Battle of Valverde in 1862. He led armies to pacify the Navajo, Mescalero Apache, and the Kiowa and Comanche Indians. He is vilified for his conquest of the Navajo and their forced transfer to Bosque Redondo where many of them died. Breveted a general, he is probably the only American to reach such a high military rank without being able to read or write, although he could sign his name.

Kit Carson's alliterative name, adventurous life, and participation in a large number of historical events has made him a favorite subject of novelists, historians, and biographers.^[1]

Kit was buried in Kit Carson Cemetery, Taos, Taos Co., New Mexico. ^[2]

Family

Parents: Lindsey Carson (1754-1818) and Rebecca (Robinson) Carson (1778-abt.1840)^[1][3]

Spouses:

• Note: Christopher Carson married three times. His first two wives were American Indian and he never mentioned them in his memoirs. His third wife, Maria Josepha, was Mexican.^[1]

1. Waanibe (Singing Grass, or Grass Singing)
2. Making-Out-Road (Cheyenne), marriage ended in divorce
3. Maria Josepha Jaramillo (1828-1868), married in 1843^[4]

Children:^[2]

1. Adeline (Carson) Stilts (abt.1838-abt.1859) "Prairie Flower", daughter of his first wife, Waanibe
2. Charles Bent Carson (1849-1851)
3. William Carson (1852–1889)
4. Teresina (Carson) Allen (1855-1916)
5. Christopher Charles Carson Jr. (1858-1929)
6. Charles C. Carson (1861–1938)
7. Rebecca (Carson) Lewis (1863-1885)
8. Estifanita Carson Wood (1866–1899
9. Josephine Carson Squires (1868–1892)

Census Information

In the 1850 census Cristopher (age 41) was in Taos, New Mexico Territory, United States.^[5]

In the 1860 census Christopher (age 51) was in Taos Territory, New Mexico Territory, United States.^[6]

Additional Facts

Frontiersman, Explorer, and Civil War Brevet Brigadier General. He was known for his frontier skills and for his daring. Many people described him as brave, gentle, honest, and wise, but his most notable qualities were that he was humble, reverent, polite, ingenious, resourceful, respectful of all cultures, and loyal to his country. At five feet, five inches tall, 140 pounds, and slightly bow-legged, he was slow spoken, often spoke softly, and posed a great natural modesty.

Born Christopher Houston Carson in Madison County, Kentucky, his family moved to Boon's Lick, Missouri (near Arrow Rock), when he was a year old. He was a cousin to another famous frontiersman, Daniel Boone, through his mother.

His father, Lindsey Carson, was a veteran of the American Revolution, and decided the nickname "Kit" fit his son better than his given name, and it stuck. On the Missouri frontier, Indians were a constant problem, and as a result, formal schooling took second place to survival skills. As a result, Carson never learned to read or write.

When Kit was nine, his father was killed by Indians, and his mother remarried. He and his stepfather never agreed, so in 1824, his stepfather apprenticed the 14 year-old to a saddle maker, David Workman, in nearby Franklin, Missouri. Hating the work, in 1826 he ran away to join a group of traders going to Santa Fe, New Mexico. ^[7]

From 1829 to 1841, he trapped beavers from Arizona to Idaho, and along the Rocky Mountains; during these trips, he often fought the local Indians.

In 1842, John C. Fremont,the famous explorer, hired Carson to guide him through the Rockies and Fremont highly praised Carson in his official reports, which helped make him famous. Carson then joined Fremont's second and third expeditions,establishing trails to California and to Oregon. In 1846, Carson joined Fremont's group that revolted against the Mexicans, and after several victories, went to carry the news to Washington DC, but at Socorro, New Mexico, he joined General Stephen Kearny's troops and led them back to California.

When the Civil War began in 1861, Carson was made Colonel of the New Mexico Volunteer Regiment, and fought the Confederates at Valverde, New Mexico in 1862, when the Confederates sent an Army from Texas to seize California. When the Confederates retreated back to Texas,and over the next three years, Carson fought Indians, including the Apaches, Navajos, Kiowas, and Commanches, forcing many of the Indians to accept living on reservations.

Carson was fluent in English, French, Spanish, and in a number of Indian languages, include the common sign language used by mountain men. Spanish was the preferred language in the Taos, New Mexico home of his third wife, Josefa.

In 1865, a grateful US government made him a Brevet Brigadier General for his services to the Union, and he was given command of Fort Garland, Colorado in 1866. The next year, he resigned due to poor health, and died within eight months at Fort Lyon, Colorado, in the quarters of Assistant Army Surgeon H. K. Tilden, when an aneurysm ruptured in his trachea. Carson was transported to Boggsville, and buried beside his third wife, Josefa, who had died in childbirth a month earlier. A year later, both bodies would be taken to the Kit Carson Cemetery,Taos, New Mexico, for their final burial.^[2][3]

Freemason

In 1854, Kit Carson was a member of the Montezuma Masonic Lodge, AF & AM, in Santa Fe. He attended Lodge meetings by riding on horseback through the Rio Grande pass, the same route used today to reach Santa Fe from Taos. In 1860 he became a founding member of Bent Lodge #42 in Taos.^[8] Kit Carson - A Freemason YouTube Video

Legacy

Kit Carson County, Nevada and Carson City, Nevada are both named in his honor, as are numerous other features throughout the American West.

Will

The Death and The Last Will of Kit Carson by- Albert W. Thompson, in The Colorado Magazine, Vol. 4-5, pp183-191.^[9]

• Beginning of article, page 183.
• p.185 includes photo image of building at Fort Lyon where he died.
• p.187 contains image of the last page of his will.
• pp.188, 189 includes court proceeding, and list of Kits' Estate for Appraisal after his death.
• p.190 gives a list of All of his Children and their dates of birth.
• p.190 Footnote states that Frank G. Mirick, Judge of the Pueblo Court, has kindly provided The State of Colorado Historical Society with a photostatic copy of Carson's Will and the Executor's accounts T.O. Boggs.

Sources

1. ↑ ^{1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3} Kit Carson article at wkipedia
2. ↑ ^{2.0 2.1 2.2} Find a Grave, database and images (www.findagrave.com/memorial/177/kit-carson : accessed 01 June 2021), memorial page for Kit Carson (24 Dec 1809–23 May 1868), Find A Grave: Memorial #177, citing Kit Carson Memorial Cemetery, Taos, Taos County, New Mexico, USA ; Maintained by Find A Grave .
3. ↑ ^{3.0 3.1} Kit Carson: A Pattern for Heroes, by Thelma S. Gould and Harvey L. Carter, University of Nebraska Press, 1984, ISBN 978-0-8061-2253-3
4. ↑ "New Mexico Marriages, 1751-1918," database, FamilySearch (FamilySearch Record: FDPF-YJG : 12 December 2014), Cristobal Corson and Maria Josefa Xaramillo, 06 Feb 1843; citing Nuestra Senora De Guadalupe-Catholic, Taos, Taos, New Mexico, reference 2:40GHKVX; FHL microfilm 17,022.
5. ↑ 1850 Census: "United States Census, 1850", citing Affiliate Name: The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA); Affiliate Publication Number: M432; Line: 30; Digital film/folder number: 004202058; FHL microfilm: 443667; Image number: 376; Packet letter: A; Indexing batch: N01008-1, FamilySearch Record: MFSW-YHM (accessed 22 November 2024) FamilySearch Image: S3HY-64VQ-LVJ, Cristopher Carson (41) in Taos, Taos, New Mexico Territory, United States. Born in Kentucky.
6. ↑ 1860 Census: "United States Census, 1860", citing Page: 40; Affiliate Name: The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA); Affiliate Publication Number: M653; Digital film/folder number: 005170296; FHL microfilm: 803715; Image number: 305; Packet letter: A; Indexing batch: N01757-2, FamilySearch Record: M4ZN-7ML (accessed 22 November 2024) FamilySearch Image: 33SQ-GBSZ-55L, Christopher Carson (51) in Precinct of Fernando, Taos Territory, New Mexico Territory, United States. Born in Madison Co Missouri.
7. ↑ French Tipton Papers https://digitalcollections.eku.edu/files/show/77770
8. ↑ Freemason: The Masons and the Kit Carson Home.
9. ↑ The Death and The Last Will of Kit Carson by- Albert W. Thompson, in The Colorado Magazine, Vol. 4-5, pp183-191.

• Baptism of son Carlos Adolfo Carson: "New Mexico, Births and Christenings, 1726-1918"
  citing Digital film/folder number: 007548733; FHL microfilm: 17021; Record number: 4489; Packet letter: A
  FamilySearch Record: HWXT-NRT2 (accessed 1 May 2026)
  Cristoval Carson's son Carlos Adolfo Carson baptism on 6 May 1850 in Taos, Taos, New Mexico, United States.
• Baptism of son Julian Carson: "New Mexico, Births and Christenings, 1726-1918"
  citing Digital film/folder number: 007548729; FHL microfilm: 17010; Record number: 902; Packet letter: A
  FamilySearch Record: HW64-DW3Z (accessed 1 May 2026)
  Cristoval Carson's son Julian Carson baptism on 6 Oct 1852 in Taos, Taos, New Mexico, United States.
• Book: Carson, Kit., Kit Carson's Own Story of His Life: As Dictated to Col. and Mrs. D. C. Peters about 1856-57, and Never Before Published
  United States: Santa Fe New Mexican Publishing Corporation, 1926, page 1
  Google Books (accessed 1 May 2026).
• Baptism of son Cristoval Carson: "New Mexico, Births and Christenings, 1726-1918"
  citing Digital film/folder number: 007548729; FHL microfilm: 17010; Record number: 422; Packet letter: C
  FamilySearch Record: HW6Q-DKMM (accessed 1 May 2026)
  Cristoval Carson's son Cristoval Carson baptism on 6 Jul 1858 in Taos, Taos, New Mexico, United States.
• Pension: "United States, General Index to Pension Files, 1861-1934"
  citing Affiliate Publication Title: General Index to Pension Files, 1861-1934; Affiliate Publication Number: T288; Digital film/folder number: 005079801; FHL microfilm: 540830; Image number: 1321
  FamilySearch Record: KD5S-2DX (accessed 1 May 2026)
  FamilySearch Image: 33SQ-GTY5-9ZWC
  Name: Andrew C Carson; Pension Date: 1866.
• Leavenworth, Kansas Newspaper Name index, 1866-68: "Leavenworth, Kansas Newspaper Name Index, 1866-68"
  Original data: Leavenworth Daily Commercial Name Index, 1866-1868
  Ancestry Record 3852 #271 (requires subscription, accessed 1 May 2026)
  Given Name: Kit (Gen.); Surname: Carson; Publication Date: Dec. 5, 1867; Action: Mustered out; Remarks: at Santa Fe on the 18th ultimo.
• Obituary: "United States, GenealogyBank Historical Newspaper Obituaries, 1815-2013"
  citing Affiliate Name: GenealogyBank, Inc.; Digital film/folder number: 103994372; Image number: 296
  FamilySearch Record: Q574-VYR5 (accessed 1 May 2026)
  FamilySearch Image: 3Q9M-CSLF-H9FG-S
  Name: Kit Carson; Occupation: Lieutenant; Death Date: About Jun 1868; Death Place: Fort Lynn, Colorado; Birth Date: 24 Dec 1809; Birth Place: Madison County, Kentucky; Obituary Date: Jun 1868; Obituary Place: Washington; Source Newspaper: Evening Star.
• Obituary: "United States, GenealogyBank Historical Newspaper Obituaries, 1815-2013"
  citing Affiliate Name: GenealogyBank, Inc.; Digital film/folder number: 104315473; Image number: 762
  FamilySearch Record: Q5SN-TK9H (accessed 1 May 2026)
  FamilySearch Image: 3Q9M-CS53-YFCR
  Name: Kit Carson; Occupation: Trapper; Obituary Date: Jun 1868; Obituary Place: Springfield, Massachusetts; Death Date: About Jun 1868; Death Place: Fort Lyon; Birth Date: 24 Dec 1809; Birth Place: Madison County, Kentucky; Age: 15; Source Newspaper: Springfield Republican.
• Book: Abbott, John Stevens Cabot., Christopher Carson: Familiarly Known as Kit Carson
  United States: Dodd & Mead, 1873, page Front Cover
  Google Books (accessed 1 May 2026).
• Marriage of daughter Rebeca Carson: "New Mexico, Marriages, 1751-1918"
  citing Digital film/folder number: 007548731; FHL microfilm: 17017; Record number: 4409947
  FamilySearch Record: FDPJ-SZX (accessed 1 May 2026)
  Cristobal Carson's daughter Rebeca Carson marriage to John Henry Lewis on 7 Aug 1880 in Taos, Taos, New Mexico, United States.
• Obituary: "United States, GenealogyBank Historical Newspaper Obituaries, 1815-2013"
  citing Affiliate Name: GenealogyBank, Inc.; Digital film/folder number: 102296432; Image number: 372
  FamilySearch Record: Q593-NL4T (accessed 1 May 2026)
  FamilySearch Image: 3Q9M-CSHG-7TY5
  Name: Or Kit Carson; Occupation: Scout; Death Date: 23 May 1868; Death Place: Fort Lyon, Colorado; Birth Place: Madison County, Kentucky; Obituary Date: 24 Dec 1920; Obituary Place: San Diego, California; Source Newspaper: Evening Tribune.
• Obituary of another person: "United States, GenealogyBank Historical Newspaper Obituaries, 1815-2013"
  citing Affiliate Name: GenealogyBank, Inc.; Digital film/folder number: 103816811; Image number: 228
  FamilySearch Record: Q59F-4XPB (accessed 1 May 2026)
  FamilySearch Image: 3Q9M-CS2V-DQS3
  Name: Kit Carson; Source Newspaper: San Francisco Chronicle.
• Record of Kit Or Christopher Carson: "California, Pioneer Migration Index, Compiled 1906-1935"
  citing Digital film/folder number: 007499190; Image number: 1681; Record number: 0
  FamilySearch Record: QPLQ-C5KQ (accessed 1 May 2026)
  FamilySearch Image: 3QS7-89Z5-K9MW
  Name: Kit Or Christopher Carson; Birth Date: 24 Dec 1809; Birth Place: Madison, Kentucky; Emigration Place: California, United States; Death Date: 22 May 1868; Death Place: Fort Lynn, Colo.
• American Civil War Officers: "American Civil War General Officers"
  Original data: Data compiled by Historical Data Systems of Kingston, MA from the following list of works
  Ancestry Record 3867 #465 (requires subscription, accessed 1 May 2026)
  Name: Christopher Carson; State Served: New Mexico; Highest Rank: Brigadier General; Birth Date: 1809; Death Date: 1868; Birth Place: Richmond, Kentucky; Army: Union; Promotions: Promoted to Full Lt Colonel (1st NM Cav) Promoted to Full Colonel Promoted to Brevet Brig-Gen Promoted to Full Lt Colonel (1st Battn NM Cavalry).
• U.S., American Civil War Regiments, 1861-1866: "U.S., American Civil War Regiments, 1861-1866"
  Original data: Data compiled by Historical Data Systems of Kingston, MA from the following list of works
  Ancestry Record 3866 #4400 (requires subscription, accessed 1 May 2026)
  Regiment: 1st Cavalry Regiment New Mexico; Date of Organization: 31 May 1862; Muster Date: 30 Sep 1866; Regiment State: New Mexico; Regiment Type: Cavalry; Regiment Number: 1st; Battles: Fought on 16 Jun 1863.
  Fought on 18 Aug 1863 at Pueblo, CO.
  Fought on 25 Aug 1864.
  Fought on 24 May 1865 at Fort Wingate, NM.
  Fought on 31 Aug 1866.
  ; Regiment History: First Cavalry
  NEW MEXICO TERRITORY
  (3-YEARS)
  First New Mexico Cavalry. -- Col., Christopher Carson; Lieut.-
  Cols., J. Francisco Chaves, Ethan W. Eaton, Julius C. Shaw;
  Majs., Arthur Morrison, A. H. Meyer, Joseph Cummings, Ethan W.
  Eaton, Francisco P. Abreu, Jose D. Seno, Rafael Chacon, Edward
  H. Bergmann, Albert H. Pfeiffer, John Thompson.
  This regiment, with the exception of Cos. L and M, was
  organized May 31, 1862, by the consolidation of certain
  members of the 1st, 2nd, 4th and 5th N. Mex. Infantry, to serve
  for three years.
  Co. M was organized at Fort Garland, Col. Ter., Oct. 4, 1862,
  and Co. L, at Santa Fe, N. Mex., Jan. 29, 1863, each to serve
  for three years. The original members, except veterans, were
  mustered out July 31, 1864 by reason of expiration of their
  term of service, and the organization composed of veterans and
  recruits, retained in service.
  Co. M was consolidated with Co. G Jan. 19, 1866. The
  remaining companies were mustered out of service from Sept. 19
  to 30, 1866, with the exception of certain members who were
  consolidated with a portion of the 1st N. Mex. Infantry and
  retained in service to form a battalion of cavalry and
  infantry designated 1st battalion N. Mex. volunteers -(q. v.),
  said transfer and consolidation to date from Aug. 31, 1866.
  New Mexico was not again invaded by the Confederates after the
  expulsion of the Texans in 1862, but the numerous Indian
  tribes of the Territory and the adjacent eastern plains took
  advantage of the war to indulge in frequent uprisings. The
  1st cavalry was almost continuously employed during its term
  of service in expeditions against the hostile Navajos,
  Apaches, Comanches, Kiowas, Utes, .etc., and detachments of the
  regiment were stationed as garrisons at the various military
  posts of the territory such as Forts Bascom, Canby Stanton,
  Wingate, Sumner and Whipple, according to the varying
  exigencies of the Indian service.
  The regiment, under its famous colonel, "Kit" Carson,
  performed excellent service in rounding up the hostile tribes,
  and in conformity to the established policy of Gen. Carleton,
  who had succeeded Canby as department commander, thousands of
  the Indians were placed on reservations provided for them.
  A list of the Indian fights in which the regiment, or a
  portion of it, participated includes Jornado Del Muerto, Warm
  springs, Rio Hondo, Conchas springs, Pueblo Col., Rincon de
  Mascaras, Sacramento mountains, St. Vrain's old fort Rerocks,
  Black cation, Skull valley, San Andres mountain, Abo pass and
  Rio Verde.
  The loss of the regiment in killed, wounded and missing, in
  these numerous Indian engagements aggregated over 50 officers
  and enlisted men.
  The following officers were among the killed in action: Major
  Joseph Cummings at Pueblo; Lieut. L. A. Bargie at Jornado del
  Muerto; Lieut. Henry W. Gilbert at Sacramento Mountains.
  The following officers died from disease or accident: Lieut.-
  Col. Julius C. Shaw, Capt. James Graydon, Capt. Joseph Berney,
  Capt. Francis McCabe, Capt. Nicholas Hodt.
  Source: The Union Army, vol. 4, p. 460
  ; Find Soldiers in this Regiment: U.S. Civil War Soldier Records and Profiles.
• Military: "U.S., Civil War Soldier Records and Profiles, 1861-1865"
  Historical Data Systems, Inc.; Duxbury, MA 02331; American Civil War Research Database
  Ancestry Record 1555 #1148812 (requires subscription, accessed 1 May 2026)
  Name: Christopher Houston Carson; Enlistment Age: 51; Birth Date: 24 Dec 1809; Birth Place: Richmond, Kentucky; Enlistment Date: 25 Jul 1861; Enlistment Rank: Lieut Colonel; Muster Date: 25 Jul 1861; Muster Place: New Mexico; Muster Company: S; Muster Regiment: 1st Inf (Old); Muster Regiment Type: Infantry; Muster Information: Commission; Rank Change Date: 20 Sep 1861; Rank Change Rank: Colonel; Muster Out Date: 31 May 1862; Muster Out Information: Transferred; Side of War: Union; Survived War?: Yes; Was Officer?: Yes; Death Date: 23 May 1868; Death Place: Fort Lyon, Colorado; Burial Place: Taos, New Mexico; Cemetery: Kit Carson Cemetery; Additional Notes: GAR Post #42, Albion, NE was named in honor of this soldier; Additional Notes 2: Muster 2 Date: 31 May 1862; Muster 2 Place: New Mexico; Muster 2 Unit: 1272; Muster 2 Company: S; Muster 2 Regiment: 1st Cavalry; Muster 2 Regiment Type: Cavalry; Muster 2 Information: Commission; Muster 3 Date: 08 Oct 1866; Muster 3 Place: New Mexico; Muster 3 Unit: 1271; Muster 3 Company: S; Muster 3 Regiment: 1st Battn Cavalry; Muster 3 Regiment Type: Cavalry; Muster 3 Information: Commission; Rank Change 2 Date: 13 Mar 1865; Rank Change 2 Rank: Brigadier General; Rank Change 3 Date: 08 Oct 1866; Rank Change 3 Rank: Lieutenant Colonel; Muster Out 2 Date: 08 Oct 1866; Muster Out 2 Information: Transferred; Muster Out 3 Date: 22 Nov 1867; Muster Out 3 Information: Mustered Out; Title: Index to Compiled Military Service Records; Official Army Register of the Volunteer Force 1861-1865; Dyer: A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion; Heitman: Register of United States Army 1789-1903; Brevet Brigadier Generals in Blue; Research by Brian Heintzelman.
• Death: "Appletons' Cyclopedia of American Biography, 1600-1889"
  Appletons' Cyclopedia of American Biography; Volume: Vol. I
  Ancestry Sharing Link (free access)
  Ancestry Record 61360 #3225 (requires subscription, accessed 1 May 2026)
  Christopher Carson death 23 May 1808 (born 24 Dec 1809) in Fort Lynn, Col..
• Book: Abbott, John Stevens Cabot., Christopher Carson: Known as Kit Carson
  United States: Dodd, Mead, 1898, page Front Cover
  Google Books (accessed 1 May 2026).
• Book: Vestal, Stanley., Kit Carson, the Happy Warrior of the Old West: A Biography
  United States: Houghton Mifflin, 1928, page Front Cover
  Google Books (accessed 1 May 2026).
• Book: Carson, Kit., Kit Carson's Autobiography
  Kiribati: University of Nebraska Press, 1966, page Front Cover
  Google Books (accessed 1 May 2026).
• Memorial: Find a Grave (has image)
  Find A Grave: Memorial #124092073 (accessed 1 May 2026)
  Memorial page for Kit Carson (24 Dec 1809-23 May 1868), citing Boggsville National Historic Site Grounds, Boggsville, Bent County, Colorado, USA; Maintained by Find a Grave.
• Memorial: "BillionGraves Index"
  FamilySearch Record: 27MR-N1K (accessed 1 May 2026)
  http://billiongraves.com/pages/record/person/5032542
  Kit Carson burial (died on 23 May 1868) in Taos, Taos, New Mexico, United States. Born in 1809.
• Carson, Kit. Kit Carson's Autobiography. Edited by Milo Milton Quaife. Chicago: R. R. Donnelley & Sons Co., 1935. Reprint, Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1966.
• Book: Dunlay, Thomas W.., Kit Carson and the Indians
  United Kingdom: University of Nebraska Press, 2000, page Front Cover
  Google Books (accessed 1 May 2026).
• Book: Remley, David., Kit Carson: The Life of an American Border Man
  United States: University of Oklahoma Press, 2011, page Front Cover
  Google Books (accessed 1 May 2026).
• Book: Abbott, John S. C.., Christopher Carson, Familiarly Known as Kit Carson: Enriched Edition. Frontier Adventures of a Legendary Scout
  Czechia: Good Press, 2019, page Front Cover
  Google Books (accessed 1 May 2026).
• Book: Ellis, Edward S.., The Life of Kit Carson: Enriched Edition.
  Czechia: DigiCat, 2022, page Front Cover
  Google Books (accessed 1 May 2026).

See also:

• Wikidata: Item Q379673
• FamilySearch Person: LWR2-XBD Brigadier General Christopher Houston "Kit" Carson