Niddesa
| Niddesa | |
|---|---|
| Jenis | Kitab kanonis |
| Induk | Khuddakanikāya |
| Isi | Mahāniddesa; Cūḷaniddesa |
| Mengomentari | Aṭṭhakavagga dan Pārāyanavagga |
| Atribusi | Sāriputta; Bhāṇaka |
| Komentar | Saddhammapajotikā (Mahāniddesa-aṭṭhakathā, Cūḷaniddesa-aṭṭhakathā) |
| Pengomentar | Upasena |
| Singkatan | Nd; Nidd Mahāniddesa: Mnd; Nidd I Cūḷaniddesa: Cnd; Nidd II |
| Bagian dari seri |
| Tipiṭaka |
|---|
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| Buddhisme Theravāda |
| Bagian dari seri tentang |
| Buddhisme Theravāda |
|---|
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| Buddhisme |
Kitab Niddesa (Pali; disingkat Mnd untuk Mahāniddesa, Cnd untuk Cūḷaniddesa) adalah sebuah kitab suci Buddhisme sebagai bagian dari Khuddakanikāya dalam Suttapiṭaka, yang merupakan bagian dari Tripitaka Pali sebagaimana dilestarikan oleh Buddhisme Theravāda. Kitab ini berperan sebagai kitab komentar (penjelasan) untuk beberapa bagian kitab Suttanipāta.
Kanonisitas
[sunting | sunting sumber]Tradisi menganggapnya sebagai karya murid Sang Buddha, yaitu Sāriputta, yang kemudian diwariskan secara lisan. Menurut ahli sejarah, kitab ini kemungkinan besar ditulis paling lambat pada abad ke-1 SM.[1]
Susunan
[sunting | sunting sumber]Kitab ini dibagi menjadi dua bagian:
- Mahāniddesa (Mnd), mengomentari bagian Aṭṭhakavagga (Snp 4) dari kitab Suttanipāta.
- Cūḷaniddesa (Cnd), mengomentari bagian Pārāyanavagga (Snp 5) dan Khaggavisana Sutta (Snp 1.3) dari kitab Suttanipāta.
Mahāniddesa
[sunting | sunting sumber]Berikut adalah rincian susunan bagian dari kitab Mahāniddesa (Mnd):
| SC | PTS | Judul Pali | Judul Inggris |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mnd 1 | PTS 1–22 | Kāmasuttaniddesa | Exposition of the Discourse on Sensuality |
| Mnd 2 | PTS 23–61 | Guhaṭṭhakasuttaniddesa | Exposition of the Eight on the Cave |
| Mnd 3 | PTS 62–83 | Duṭṭhaṭṭhakasuttaniddesa | Exposition of the Eight on Corruptions |
| Mnd 4 | PTS 84–101 | Suddhaṭṭhakasuttaniddesa | Exposition of the Eight on Purity |
| Mnd 5 | PTS 102–116 | Paramaṭṭhakasuttaniddesa | Exposition of the Eight on the Ultimate |
| Mnd 6 | PTS 117–138 | Jarāsuttaniddesa | Exposition of the Discourse on Old Age |
| Mnd 7 | PTS 139–160 | Tissametteyyasuttaniddesa | Exposition of the Discourse with Tissa Metteyya |
| Mnd 8 | PTS 161–180 | Pasūrasuttaniddesa | Exposition of the Discourse to Pasūra on Debate |
| Mnd 9 | PTS 181–209 | Māgaṇḍiyasuttaniddesa | Exposition of the Discourse to Māgaṇḍiya |
| Mnd 10 | PTS 210–254 | Purābhedasuttaniddesa | Exposition of the Discourse on Before the Dissolution |
| Mnd 11 | PTS 255–284 | Kalahavivādasuttaniddesa | Exposition of the Discourse on Quarrels |
| Mnd 12 | PTS 285–304 | Cūḷabyūhasuttaniddesa | Exposition of the Shorter Discourse on Arguments |
| Mnd 13 | PTS 305–338 | Mahābyūhasuttaniddesa | Exposition of the Longer Discourse on Arguments |
| Mnd 14 | PTS 339–401 | Tuvaṭakasuttaniddesa | Exposition of the Discourse on the Quick Way |
| Mnd 15 | PTS 402–444 | Attadaṇḍasuttaniddesa | Exposition of the Discourse on Taking Up Arms |
| Mnd 16 | PTS 445–510 | Sāriputtasuttaniddesa | Exposition of the Discourse to Sāriputta |
Cūḷaniddesa
[sunting | sunting sumber]Berikut adalah rincian susunan bagian dari kitab Cūḷaniddesa (Cnd):
| SC | PTS | Judul Pali | Judul Inggris |
|---|---|---|---|
Pārāyanavaggagāthā[sunting | sunting sumber] | |||
| (The Way to the Beyond) | |||
| Cnd 1 | PTS 1–6 | Vatthugāthā | Introductory Verses |
| Cnd 2 | PTS 7–45 | Pucchā | The Questions |
| Cnd 3 | PTS 46–48 | Pārāyanatthutigāthā | Homage to the Way to the Beyond |
| Cnd 4 | PTS 49–56 | Pārāyanānugītigāthā | Concluding Verses of the Way to the Beyond |
Pārāyanavagganiddesa[sunting | sunting sumber] | |||
| (Exposition of the Way to the Beyond) | |||
| Cnd 5 | - | Ajitamāṇavapucchāniddesa | Exposition of the Questions of the Student Ajita |
| Cnd 6 | - | Tissametteyyamāṇavapucchāniddesa | Exposition of the Questions of the Student Tissametteyya |
| Cnd 7 | - | Puṇṇakamāṇavapucchāniddesa | Exposition of the Questions of the Student Puṇṇaka |
| Cnd 8 | - | Mettagūmāṇavapucchāniddesa | Exposition of the Questions of the Student Mettagū |
| Cnd 9 | - | Dhotakamāṇavapucchāniddesa | Exposition of the Questions of the Student Dhotaka |
| Cnd 10 | - | Upasīvamāṇavapucchāniddesa | Exposition of the Questions of the Student Upasīva |
| Cnd 11 | - | Nandamāṇavapucchāniddesa | Exposition of the Questions of the Student Nanda |
| Cnd 12 | - | Hemakamāṇavapucchāniddesa | Exposition of the Questions of the Student Hemaka |
| Cnd 13 | - | Todeyyamāṇavapucchāniddesa | Exposition of the Questions of the Student Todeyya |
| Cnd 14 | - | Kappamāṇavapucchāniddesa | Exposition of the Questions of the Student Kappa |
| Cnd 15 | - | Jatukaṇṇimāṇavapucchāniddesa | Exposition of the Questions of the Student Jatukaṇṇī |
| Cnd 16 | - | Bhadrāvudhamāṇavapucchāniddesa | Exposition of the Questions of the Student Bhadrāvudha |
| Cnd 17 | - | Udayamāṇavapucchāniddesa | Exposition of the Questions of the Student Udaya |
| Cnd 18 | - | Posālamāṇavapucchāniddesa | Exposition of the Questions of the Student Posala |
| Cnd 19 | - | Mogharājamāṇavapucchāniddesa | Exposition of the Questions of the Student Mogharāja |
| Cnd 20 | - | Piṅgiyamāṇavapucchāniddesa | Exposition of the Questions of the Student Piṅgiya |
| Cnd 21 | - | Pārāyanatthutigāthāniddesa | Exposition of Homage to the Way to the Beyond |
| Cnd 22 | - | Pārāyanānugītigāthāniddesa | Exposition of the Concluding Verses of the Way to the Beyond |
Khaggavisāṇasuttaniddesa[sunting | sunting sumber] | |||
| (Exposition of the Rhinoceros Horn Discourse) | |||
| Cnd 23 | PTS 57–73 | Khaggavisāṇasuttaniddesa | Exposition of the Rhinoceros Horn Discourse |
Catatan
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ↑ Hinüber (2000), hlm. 59, para. 118, menulis:
- The age of Nidd has been discussed at great length by S.Lévi 1925, who arrives at a date in the 2nd century AD, arguing from the geographical horizon of the text. This date has been disputed recently by Norman 1983: 84,86, who argues in favour of a much earlier date at the time of Aśoka. The question needs reexamination. It is, however, certain that Nidd does not belong to the old canonical texts and that also a date after Aśoka does not seem likely.
- But "cannot be later than the date of the fixing of the canon", Norman:Sn-trsl II, hlm. XXVI: This means not later than the 1st century BC.
- The age of Nidd has been discussed at great length by S.Lévi 1925, who arrives at a date in the 2nd century AD, arguing from the geographical horizon of the text. This date has been disputed recently by Norman 1983: 84,86, who argues in favour of a much earlier date at the time of Aśoka. The question needs reexamination. It is, however, certain that Nidd does not belong to the old canonical texts and that also a date after Aśoka does not seem likely.
Daftar pustaka
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Hinüber, Oskar von (2000). A Handbook of Pāli Literature. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 3-11-016738-7.
- De la Vallee Poussin, L., Thomas, E.J., ed. (1916), "Niddesa I, Mahaniddesa", Vol. 1, The Pali Text Society, London, Oxford University Press. (Edisi Pali)
- De la Vallee Poussin, L., Thomas, E.J., ed. (1917), "Niddesa I, Mahaniddesa", Vol. 2, The Pali Text Society, London, Oxford University Press. (Edisi Pali)
- De la Vallee Poussin, L., Thomas, E.J., ed. (1916), "Niddesa II, Cullaniddesa", Vol. 3, The Pali Text Society, London, Oxford University Press. (Edisi Pali)
Pranala luar
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Pranala ke kutipan singkat dari kitab Niddesa yang telah diterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa Inggris:
- Access to Insight
- Pranala ke terjemahan bahasa Inggris lengkap:
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