Mirouriezh

social philosophy, political philosophy
Iskevrennad eus	ideologiezh politikel
Arvez	tu dehoù
Named by	François-René de Chateaubriand
Dizoloer pe ijiner	Edmund Burke
Enebet ouzh	progressivism

Mirouriezh a vez graet eus ur sevenadurezh, sokial, ha preder politikel hag ideologiezh hag a glask brudañ ha gwareziñ an hengounioù an ensavadurioù, emglevioù sokial, ha talvoudegezhioù.^[1]^[2]^[3] Diazez ar mirouriezh a zo disheñvel hervez ar sevenadur ha sevenadurezh lec'h ma c'han.^[4] Er Sevenadurezh kornôgel, hervez ar mare hag ar vro, ar virouriezh a glask brudañ ha gwareziñ a-bep seurt stern evel ar familh nukleel, ar relijion aozet, an arme, ar Stad-nasion, ar Gwir perc'henniñ, ar rule of law, aristokratelezh, hag an unpenniezh.^[5]^[6]

Edmund Burke, ur politikour iwerzhonat-saoz eus an XVIII^vet kantved hag a oa enebet ouzh an Dispac'h gall met a oa savet a-du gant ar Reveulzi Amerikan, a vez laret da vezañ bet unan eus hendadoù ar virouriezh ganet er bloavezhioù 1790, gant ar politikour Savoyar Joseph de Maistre. Ar c'hentañ wech ma voe kaoz eus mirouriezh en ur c'henarroud politikel a oa bet e 1818 gant François-René de Chateaubriand e-kerzh mare restaorasion ar re Bourbons hag a oa bet ur c'hlask distreiñ d'ar sternioù kevredigezhel hag a oa bet a-raok an Dispac'h gall.

Ar virouriezh a zo lies-tre ha liammet ouzh kenarroudoù lec'hel, hervez an hengounioù ha pobloù. Setu penaos al luskadoù mirour eus lodennoù disheñvel eus ar bed a c'hall bezañ enebet o tifenn o sevenadurezh hag hengounioù dezho.^[7] Unan eus an teir idologiezh bennañ eo ar virouriezh gant ar frankizouriezh hag ar sokialouriezh, e-touez ar broioù dre ar bed. Evel en Hungaria, India, Iran, Israel,^[8] Italia, Japan, Polonia, Rusia, Singapour, ha Korea ar Su. En un doare istorel eo liammet ar virouriezh ouzh an tu-dehoù, an droienn a zo bet implijet evit ober anv eus ideologiezhoù lies-tre. Ar virouriezh a c'hall bezañ libertarian pe aotrouniek,^[9] poblelour pe begenour,^[10] araokour pe kilstourm,^[11] klouar pe eus ar pellañ.^[12]

Notennoù ha daveoù

↑ "Conservatism". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. (2019).
↑ Patrom:Harvnb: "Conservatism, political doctrine that emphasizes the value of traditional institutions and practices."
↑ Patrom:Harvnb: "In particular, conservatives have emphasized that society is held together by the maintenance of traditional institutions such as the family and by respect for an established culture, based upon religion, tradition and custom."
↑ O'Hara, Kieron (2011). Conservatism. London : Reaktion. ISBN 978-1-86189-812-8. “It is clear that conservatives are influenced not only by their ideology, but also by the political context – no surprise there – but contexts vary and so, therefore, do conservatives.”
↑ Patrom:Harvnb: "[C]onservatives favour the importance of ‘natural’ forms of authority, such as the monarchy, the church, the nation and the family."
↑ Patrom:Harvnb: "Conservatives aim to conserve the natural and fundamental elements of society, which are: private property, family, the homeland, and even religion [...] the right-wing conservative is such not because he wants to conserve any regime and any institutions, but rather specific institutions and particular values."
↑ Vincent, Andrew (2009). Modern Political Ideologies. John Wiley & Sons. 79 p. ISBN 978-1-4443-1105-1.
↑ Fazi arroud : Balizenn <ref> faziek ; ne oa bet lakaet tamm testenn ebet evit an daveennoù anvet :13
↑ Patrom:Harvnb: "While contemporary conservatives are keen to demonstrate their commitment to democratic, particularly liberal-democratic, principles, there is a tradition within conservatism that has favoured authoritarian rule, especially in continental Europe."
↑ (2004) The Right Nation: Conservative Power in America. Penguin Books Limited. ISBN 1594200203. “Americans who describe themselves as 'conservatives' nevertheless disagree on almost all the most fundamental questions of life. […] The Straussians at the Weekly Standard are philosophical elitists who believe that the masses need to be steered by an educated intelligentsia. The antitax crusaders who march behind Grover Norquist are populists who believe that pointy-headed intellectuals need to be given a good ducking.”
↑ Patrom:Harvnb: "The Canadian Conservative Party adopted the title Progressive Conservative precisely to distance itself from reactionary ideas."Patrom:Dubious
↑ Patrom:Harvnb: "Conservatives can be radical or moderate. It depends on the state of the contest, on the stakes in the contest, and on which party is attacking, which defending."

[:1-1] "Conservatism". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. (2019).

[2] Patrom:Harvnb: "Conservatism, political doctrine that emphasizes the value of traditional institutions and practices."

[3] Patrom:Harvnb: "In particular, conservatives have emphasized that society is held together by the maintenance of traditional institutions such as the family and by respect for an established culture, based upon religion, tradition and custom."

[:6-4] O'Hara, Kieron (2011). Conservatism. London : Reaktion. ISBN 978-1-86189-812-8. “It is clear that conservatives are influenced not only by their ideology, but also by the political context – no surprise there – but contexts vary and so, therefore, do conservatives.”

[5] Patrom:Harvnb: "[C]onservatives favour the importance of ‘natural’ forms of authority, such as the monarchy, the church, the nation and the family."

[6] Patrom:Harvnb: "Conservatives aim to conserve the natural and fundamental elements of society, which are: private property, family, the homeland, and even religion [...] the right-wing conservative is such not because he wants to conserve any regime and any institutions, but rather specific institutions and particular values."

[7] Vincent, Andrew (2009). Modern Political Ideologies. John Wiley & Sons. 79 p. ISBN 978-1-4443-1105-1.

[:13-8] Fazi arroud : Balizenn <ref> faziek ; ne oa bet lakaet tamm testenn ebet evit an daveennoù anvet :13

[9] Patrom:Harvnb: "While contemporary conservatives are keen to demonstrate their commitment to democratic, particularly liberal-democratic, principles, there is a tradition within conservatism that has favoured authoritarian rule, especially in continental Europe."

[10] (2004) The Right Nation: Conservative Power in America. Penguin Books Limited. ISBN 1594200203. “Americans who describe themselves as 'conservatives' nevertheless disagree on almost all the most fundamental questions of life. […] The Straussians at the Weekly Standard are philosophical elitists who believe that the masses need to be steered by an educated intelligentsia. The antitax crusaders who march behind Grover Norquist are populists who believe that pointy-headed intellectuals need to be given a good ducking.”

[11] Patrom:Harvnb: "The Canadian Conservative Party adopted the title Progressive Conservative precisely to distance itself from reactionary ideas."Patrom:Dubious

[12] Patrom:Harvnb: "Conservatives can be radical or moderate. It depends on the state of the contest, on the stakes in the contest, and on which party is attacking, which defending."

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