Lindsey Graham (Republican Party) is a member of the U.S. Senate from South Carolina. He assumed office on January 3, 2003. His current term ends on January 3, 2027.
Graham (Republican Party) is running for re-election to the U.S. Senate to represent South Carolina. He is on the ballot in the general election on November 3, 2026. He advanced from the Republican primary on June 9, 2026.
In June 2015, Graham announced his candidacy in the 2016 election for president, but withdrew in December.
Graham was born in Seneca, South Carolina in 1955.He earned his bachelor's degree from the University of South Carolina in 1977 and his J.D. from the University of South Carolina Law School in 1981. Graham served in the U.S. Air Force from 1982 to 1988 and the South Carolina Air National Guard from 1989 to 1995. He has served in the U.S. Air Force Reserve. Graham's work experience includes being a lawyer in private practice. He served as Assistant County Attorney for Oconee County, South Carolina, city attorney for Central, South Carolina, in the South Carolina House of Representatives from 1992 to 1994, and the United States House of Representatives from 1995 to 2003.[1]
Committee assignments
U.S. Senate
2025-2026
Graham was assigned to the following committees:[Source]
Incumbent Lindsey Graham defeated Jaime Harrison and Bill Bledsoe(Unofficially withdrew) in the general election for U.S. Senate South Carolina on November 3, 2020.
Biography: Graham received a bachelor's degree from the University of South Carolina in 1977 and a law degree from the University of South Carolina Law School in 1981. He served in the U.S. Air Force from 1982 to 1988 and the South Carolina Air National Guard from 1989 to 1995. Graham worked as a lawyer in private practice prior to entering Congress.
Key Messages
The following key messages were curated by Ballotpedia staff. For more on how we identify key messages, click here.
Graham said he voted in favor of the CARES Act and provided financial support to his constituents during the coronavirus pandemic. He said he would work with the Trump administration to support the development of coronavirus treatments and vaccines, secure funding for means-tested stimulus checks and school reopenings, and hold China accountable.
Graham said he helped businesses and created jobs when he supported the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act and the Charleston Harbor Deepening Project. He said he would lower taxes, reduce business regulations, and invest in infrastructure.
Graham said Jaime Harrison (D) was too liberal for South Carolina. He said Harrison supported Nancy Pelosi (D), increased government involvement in healthcare, and providing healthcare to unauthorized immigrants.
Graham was part of a group of Republican members of Congress who said they would not endorse or vote for Donald Trump. On May 6, 2016, Graham said, "I absolutely will not support Hillary Clinton for President. She represents the third term of Barack Obama, and our nation cannot afford to continue those failed policies at home or abroad. I also cannot in good conscience support Donald Trump because I do not believe he is a reliable Republican conservative nor has he displayed the judgment and temperament to serve as Commander in Chief."[5]
On March 2, 2016, he said, "We're going to lose. You'll never convince me that Donald Trump is the answer to the problem we have with Hispanics. It will tear the party apart, it will divide conservatism, and we're gonna lose to Hillary Clinton and have the third term of Barack Obama. ... Here's what I want to tell people when we lose to Hillary: I told you that the immigration issue is killing us. We're doubling down on the problem we have with Hispanics. We went from self-deportation to forced deportation. Have you ever heard the statement too big to fail? We're too stubborn to win. So here's what I'm going to say in November when we lose: I told you so."[6]
A full list of Republicans who opposed Trump can be viewed here.
In April 2018, Graham said that he would support President Trump if he ran for re-election.[7]
Graham was a Republican candidate for the office of President of the United States in 2016. He announced his run in his hometown of Central, South Carolina, on June 1, 2015.[8] He withdrew from the race on December 21, 2015.
On January 18, 2015, Graham said that he was considering a run for president in 2016. He noted that his foreign policy knowledge qualifies him to run. He said, "I think the world is falling apart, and I’ve been more right than wrong when it comes to foreign policy. But we’ll see."[9]
The Senate Conservatives Fund targeted Graham in August 2013 with two weeks of radio ads designed to push Senate Republicans to support Utah's Mike Lee's effort to defund Obamacare.[12]
Primary vulnerability
Graham was named by National Journal as one of the top five incumbent senators at risk of losing his or her primary election in 2014. Four of the five most vulnerable senators were Republican.[13]
Note: A "0%" finding means the candidate was not a part of the poll. The polls above may not reflect all polls that have been conducted in this race. Those displayed are a random sampling chosen by Ballotpedia staff. If you would like to nominate another poll for inclusion in the table, send an email to editor@ballotpedia.org
Note: A "0%" finding means the candidate was not a part of the poll. The polls above may not reflect all polls that have been conducted in this race. Those displayed are a random sampling chosen by Ballotpedia staff. If you would like to nominate another poll for inclusion in the table, send an email to editor@ballotpedia.org
Note: A "0%" finding means the candidate was not a part of the poll. The polls above may not reflect all polls that have been conducted in this race. Those displayed are a random sampling chosen by Ballotpedia staff. If you would like to nominate another poll for inclusion in the table, send an email to editor@ballotpedia.org
Note: The polls above may not reflect all polls that have been conducted in this race. Those displayed are a random sampling chosen by Ballotpedia staff. If you would like to nominate another poll for inclusion in the table, send an email to editor@ballotpedia.org.
Note: The polls above may not reflect all polls that have been conducted in this race. Those displayed are a random sampling chosen by Ballotpedia staff. If you would like to nominate another poll for inclusion in the table, send an email to editor@ballotpedia.org.
Approval rating
Graham's approval rating dropped 30 points in October 2013, according to a Winthrop University poll. Only 45.2 percent of Republicans approved compared to 71.6 percent in February 2013.[14]
Endorsements
Graham was endorsed by the following people and organizations:
During an interview on CNN's Crossfire, Sen. Tim Scott, fellow South Carolina senator, declined to endorse Sen. Graham.
"I am up for re-election next year myself. I’m going to allow for all the other folks on the ballot to represent themselves very well. I’m going to continue to work hard for my election," Scott said.[17]
Media
Lindsey Graham - "Fighter."
Lindsey Graham - "Fiscal."
Lindsey Graham - "Defender."
Lindsey Graham - "Opt Out."
Lindsey Graham - "Tough Questions."
Full history
To view the full congressional electoral history for Lindsey Graham, click [show] to expand the section.
2008
On November 4, 2008, Graham won re-election to the United States Senate. He defeated Bob Conley in the general election.[18]
U.S. Senate, South Carolina General Election, 2008
Party
Candidate
Vote %
Votes
Republican
Lindsey GrahamIncumbent
57.7%
1,076,534
Democratic
Bob Conley
42.3%
790,621
Total Votes
1,867,155
2002
On November 5, 2002, Lindsey Graham won election to the United States Senate. He defeated Alex Sanders (D), Victor Kocher (L), Ted Adams (T) and Write-In in the general election.[19]
U.S. Senate, South Carolina General Election, 2002
Party
Candidate
Vote %
Votes
Republican
Lindsey Graham
54.4%
600,010
Democratic
Alex Sanders
44.2%
487,359
Libertarian
Victor Kocher
0.6%
6,648
Constitution
Ted Adams
0.7%
8,228
N/A
Write-In
0.1%
667
Total Votes
1,102,912
2000
On November 7, 2000, Lindsey O. Graham won re-election to the United States House. He defeated George Brightharp (D), Adrian Banks (L) and LeRoy J. Klein (Natural Law) in the general election.[20]
U.S. House, South Carolina District 3 General Election, 2000
Party
Candidate
Vote %
Votes
Republican
Lindsey O. Grahamincumbent
68.5%
150,180
Democratic
George Brightharp
29.6%
64,917
Libertarian
Adrian Banks
1.4%
3,116
Natural Law
LeRoy J. Klein
0.5%
1,122
N/A
Write-in
0%
33
Total Votes
219,368
1998
On November 3, 1998, Lindsey Graham won re-election to the United States House. He defeated Write-In in the general election.[21]
U.S. House, South Carolina District 3 General Election, 1998
Party
Candidate
Vote %
Votes
Republican
Lindsey Grahamincumbent
99.7%
129,047
N/A
Write-In
0.3%
402
Total Votes
129,449
1996
On November 5, 1996, Lindsey Graham won re-election to the United States House. He defeated Debbie Dorn (D) and Lindal Pennnington (T) in the general election.[22]
U.S. House, South Carolina District 3 General Election, 1996
Party
Candidate
Vote %
Votes
Republican
Lindsey Grahamincumbent
60.3%
114,273
Democratic
Debbie Dorn
38.7%
73,417
Natural Law
Lindal Pennnington
1%
1,835
Total Votes
189,525
1994
On November 8, 1994, Lindsey Graham won election to the United States House. He defeated James Bryan, Jr. (D) and Write-In in the general election.[23]
U.S. House, South Carolina District 3 General Election, 1994
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Lindsey Graham understands that the way to create jobs and build a strong economy is to let Americans keep more of what they earn and get the government out of the way. Raised in the back room of a small bar, restaurant, and liquor store owned and operated by his parents, Senator Graham saw first-hand the tremendous work it takes to run a small business and the invaluable contributions they make to a community.
Lower taxes. Less regulation. A smaller, smarter, more efficient government. Those are the values and priorities Lindsey Graham has fought for as a senator in Washington.
In 2017, Senator Graham was a leading advocate for the passage of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, a historic tax reform package that spurred unprecedented economic growth throughout the country. In the wake of the agenda of deregulation and private enterprise empowerment championed by Senator Graham and President Trump, South Carolina experienced record low unemployment preceding the global COVID-19 pandemic.
Senator Graham has also been a strong advocate for South Carolina’s farming and agribusiness community through his support of numerous farm bills. He has been at the forefront of promoting our state’s speciality crops, fighting back against unfair trade practices, and ensuring that there is an adequate supply of legal labor for our farms.
Working extensively with the electric cooperatives in South Carolina, Senator Graham has supported efforts to expand affordable electricity and broadband to rural areas of the state. He has helped the coops champion energy efficiency measures that collectively save our state’s residents millions of dollars every year.
To assist South Carolina’s tourism industry, he helped pass the Brand USA reauthorization which promotes South Carolina to international travelers and has generated over 173,000 visitors and $1.5 billion in tax revenue, while supporting over 190,000 jobs. He also was a lead author of the RESTAURANTS Act which would create a $120 billion revitalization fund to help independent restaurants overcome COVID-19 challenges.
Finally, Senator Graham supports a major infrastructure bill that will help rebuild our nation’s crumbling roads, bridges, ports, and airports. He has been a longtime supporter of I-73 to help with traffic going to and from Myrtle Beach — both for tourism and hurricane evacuation efforts.
Supporting South Carolina
Here at home, Senator Graham is an integral member of #TeamSouthCarolina, which is the economic development effort designed to bring new business to the Palmetto State. Senator Graham was one of the first officials to meet with Boeing and let them know South Carolina was interested in becoming the second 787 Dreamliner production site. He played another leading role in talks with Volvo in their decision to locate a $1.1 billion manufacturing facility in Berkeley County.
Lindsey Graham secured the initial, critical funding to study and kick off the Charleston Harbor Deepening Project. He has led the South Carolina congressional delegation’s efforts in pushing for planning, design, and actual construction funding of the project. With one in ten jobs in South Carolina tied to the Port of Charleston, Senator Graham is proud to have helped secure hundreds of millions of dollars for the economic engine of South Carolina.
While working tirelessly to help South Carolina to become a modern manufacturing giant in the aviation, automotive and tire industries, Senator Graham has worked hand in hand with our textile manufacturers to help combat currency manipulation and intellectual property theft by China. He has helped the textile industry identify important manufacturing opportunities with the Department of Defense, and he has led the effort to bring our medical supply chain back from overseas.
Nearly every major company in South Carolina has a story to tell about how Senator Graham assisted their operations. Countless constituent companies have worked with Senator Graham on issues ranging from steel and aluminum tariffs to EPA regulations. He has solved issues as complex as helping South Carolina manufacturers execute multi-million dollar Foreign Military Sales to allies and as simple as ensuring allowing our companies to compete for opportunities on a level playing field.
To assist South Carolina’s tourism industry, Senator Graham has successfully worked to permanently reauthorize the Land and Water Conservation Fund. This fund has provided over $61 million in grants to more than 1,100 recreational projects across the state. Some recipients of this funding include Beaufort’s Waterfront Park, Glencairn Gardens in Rock Hill, and Caesars Head State Park in Cleveland.
Lindsey Graham will continue to put the needs of taxpayers first and foremost by promoting policies that create jobs and a strong economy in South Carolina.
A Strong America , A Strong Military
Lindsey Graham believes a strong and safe America is only possible with a strong United States military.
He supports better pay for our troops, cutting-edge equipment for our soldiers, and strong alliances which help keep us safe here at home.
Senator Graham has pushed for policies in the fight against radical Islam which protect American citizens, the homeland, and our long-term national security interests. One leading conservative wrote that when it comes to defending America, “[Lindsey] Graham has been right about more things on foreign policy for longer than just about anyone.”
Lindsey Graham wore the uniform of the United States Air Force for more than 30 years serving on active duty, in the South Carolina Air National Guard, and U.S. Air Force Reserves where he retired at the rank of Colonel.
Senator Graham has traveled the globe meeting with countless world leaders in an effort to protect American interests and promote American values. He has visited Iraq and Afghanistan over 50 times.
While America remains the leader of the free world, Senator Graham knows we need to enlist the help of friends and allies to accomplish our shared goals of peace and prosperity.
The right to vote. The rights of women. The promotion of human rights. Senator Graham’s leadership has given him a direct line to the President and world leaders when it comes to discussing the toughest issues around the globe.
Judges and Protecting the Constitution
This is Lindsey Graham’s record on judges:
Supreme Court Justice Brett Kavanaugh.
Supreme Court Justice Neil Gorsuch.
Over 200 district and court of appeals judges – nominated by President Trump – confirmed for lifetime appointments to the federal bench.
When he assumed the role of Chairman of the Senate Judiciary Committee, Senator Graham made clear his priority: “Judges, judges, and more judges.”
Today, 20 percent of all current federal judges were nominated by President Trump and confirmed by the Republican-controlled U.S. Senate.
Senator Graham has made good on his promise.
Health Care
Health care is one of the most important issues for Americans.
First, Lindsey Graham believes no American should be denied medical coverage or insurance due to a preexisting condition.
Second, Senator Graham favors health care solutions which put patients – not government bureaucrats – in charge of medical decisions.
Third, Senator Graham opposes “Medicare for All,” which puts the government in complete control of the health care system.
So what’s the best way to bring down health care costs, cover more people, and make health insurance more affordable? Redirect money and power over health care decisions away from Washington and return it to patients, local communities, and states.
Just like no two patients are the same, no two states have the same health care populations and health care needs. Simply put, what works in Massachusetts may not work in South Carolina. And what works in South Carolina may not work in California.
That one-size-fits-all thinking is one of the many failures of Obamacare which centralizes money and decision-making in Washington.
Instead of continuing to empower Washington, Senator Graham supports returning money to the states and empowering local communities to explore and utilize health care solutions that work for them.
Recognizing the unique needs of South Carolina’s rural population, he has used the Appropriations process to bring millions of dollars to telehealth efforts, which aim to ensure every South Carolinian has access to quality medical care, regardless of where they live.
Senator Graham has also been at the forefront of funding important medical research. He is a co-chair of the Senate’s National Institutes of Health (NIH) Caucus, which has successfully secured billions of dollars of additional funding.
The Right to Life
When it comes to protecting the right to life, very few have done more for the cause than Lindsey Graham.
He has compiled a proud record of achievement and support in the pro-life cause.
Twice, South Carolina Citizens for Life have named him their Legislator of the Year.
An ‘A’ rating from the Susan B. Anthony List National Pro-Life scorecard.
100% rating from the National Right to Life Committee.
Senator Graham is the author of the Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act which bans abortion after 20-weeks when an unborn child can feel pain. Only seven nations in the world allow abortion on demand after 20 weeks — including Iran and North Korea, and Senator Graham feels strongly America should not be in this notorious club.
Senator Graham’s long pro-life voting record includes support for the Partial-Birth Abortion Ban, Unborn Victims of Violence Act, and Born-Alive Abortion Survivors Protection Act.
The president of South Carolina Citizens for Life recently remarked, “When it comes to pro-life legislation, Senator Graham doesn’t just vote the right way — he leads the way.”
Second Amendment
Lindsey Graham is a strong supporter of Americans’ right to “keep and bear arms” as specified in the Second Amendment of the Constitution. As an owner of multiple guns himself, Senator Graham has been a steadfast protector of law-abiding gun owners. He is proud to receive high marks from organizations advocating for responsible gun ownership, including a 100% rating from the National Shooting Sports Foundation.
Lindsey Graham is also committed to ending the scourge of senseless gun violence perpetrated by individuals who obtained firearms illegally. In the case of the Parkland shooter in Florida, the FBI and local police officers made numerous house calls due to complaints about the eventual shooter. Still, they were unable to take any action to disarm him before he killed seventeen innocent students. Working with members of both parties, Senator Graham has introduced legislation to create a federal grant program to assist law enforcement in coordinating with mental health professionals so preemptive action can be taken to stop known troubled individuals before they strike. This legislation is accompanied by robust due process to ensure no guns are taken from owners without just cause and swift due process.
COVID-19
Lindsey Graham has worked to mobilize all of the federal government’s resources in response to the worst pandemic that the world has seen in over 100 years. In March, Senator Graham voted in favor of the $2 trillion relief package, the CARES Act. This historic package brought nearly $2 billion of aid to South Carolina to help local hospitals, schools, and more. Hundreds of billions of additional dollars were provided to low and moderate income families, small businesses, employees, and those unemployed through no fault of their own.
While the CARES Act was a critical first step, more is needed to combat COVID-19 and get our economy moving again.
First, Senator Graham will continue to work closely with the Trump administration to ensure the speedy discovery of therapeutics to lessen the severity of this virus and a vaccine to prevent further spread.
Next, Senator Graham supports additional stimulus payments to low and moderate income families, and he supports providing funding to help schools reopen safely.
He also supports reforming unemployment benefits so people make up to 100% of their income but aren’t disincentivized from going back to work. He has authored legislation that would do just that. Congress must also pass liability protections to ensure that businesses aren’t sued for reopening when they follow the rules. Without this, businesses will be overwhelmed with lawsuits.
Senator Graham is also working to ensure we hold China accountable for the role they played in allowing the virus to spread. He introduced a sanctions bill aimed at forcing China to cooperate with all investigations into the virus.
It’s estimated that 90 percent of the Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) used in the United States today is made in China. Senator Graham is leading the effort to bring the medical supply chain home and manufacture PPE in the United States. That’s why he wrote the US MADE Act, which will ensure PPE is made here in America and treated as a resource on par with military equipment. This legislation was one of the foundational components of the Senate’s new legislation to address the virus.
Combatting this virus is a team effort, and Senator Graham believes all Americans should closely follow CDC guidelines to keep themselves safe, which can be found here.[24]
Note: The finance data shown here comes from the disclosures required of candidates and parties. Depending on the election or state, this may represent only a portion of all the funds spent on their behalf. Satellite spending groups may or may not have expended funds related to the candidate or politician on whose page you are reading this disclaimer. Campaign finance data from elections may be incomplete. For elections to federal offices, complete data can be found at the FEC website. Click here for more on federal campaign finance law and here for more on state campaign finance law.
Lindsey Graham campaign contribution history
Year
Office
Status
Contributions
Expenditures
2026*
U.S. Senate South Carolina
On the Ballot general
$20,916,691
$29,180,380
2020
U.S. Senate South Carolina
Won general
$112,292,176
$102,195,709
2014
U.S. Senate (South Carolina)
Won
$11,056,889
N/A**
2008
U.S. Senate (South Carolina)
Won
$9,713,500
N/A**
2002
U.S. Senate (South Carolina)
Won
$5,838,233
N/A**
2000
U.S. House (South Carolina, District 3)
Won
$2,282,199
N/A**
** Data on expenditures is not available for this election cycle
Members of the Senate are required to file financial disclosure reports. You can search disclosure reports on the Senate’s official website here.
Analysis
Below are links to scores and rankings Ballotpedia compiled for members of Congress. We chose analyses that help readers understand how each individual legislator fit into the context of the chamber as a whole in terms of ideology, bill advancement, bipartisanship, and more.
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Select a topic from the dropdown below to learn more.
COVID-19, also known as coronavirus disease 2019, is the disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The first confirmed case of the disease in the United States was announced on January 21, 2020. For more of Ballotpedia's coverage of the coronavirus impact on political and civic life, click here.
Letter to Iran
On March 9, 2015, Senator Tom Cotton (R-Ark.) wrote a letter to Iran's leadership, warning them that signing a nuclear deal with the Obama administration without congressional approval constituted only an executive agreement. The letter also stated that "The next president could revoke such an executive agreement with the stroke of a pen and future Congresses could modify the terms of the agreement at any time." The letter was signed by 47 Republican members of the Senate. Graham was one of the 47 who signed the letter. No Democrats signed it.[29]
Members of the Obama administration and of Congress reacted to the letter.[30] Vice President Joe Biden said of the letter, "In thirty-six years in the United States Senate, I cannot recall another instance in which senators wrote directly to advise another country — much less a longtime foreign adversary — that the president does not have the constitutional authority to reach a meaningful understanding with them."[31]
Afghanistan
Graham met with Afghanistan's President Hamid Karzai, along with Sen. John McCain (R-Ariz.) in January 2014. The two senators asked Karzai to stop releasing prisoners who were a danger to U.S. security. They also asked him to sign the U.S.-Afghan bilateral security agreement. The U.S. said it would remove all U.S. troops from Afghanistan by the end of 2014, if Karzai did not sign the agreement. Karzai wanted to wait to sign the agreement until after the spring election. Karzai could not seek re-election, due to term limits.[32]
Graham disagreed with President Barack Obama's (D) handling of the conflict in Syria in September 2013. Obama said he would seek congressional approval prior to intervening in Syria, and Graham said this was a mistake. Graham said, "Well, this is about the most mismanaged situation I’ve ever seen since World War II when they were trying to control the Nazis. I just- this is bizarre. We’re going, we’re not going, we don’t need Congress, yes we do. Let’s see if we can come up with a strategy that has a chance of working. A military strike to degrade Assad, upgrading the rebel opposition forces, regional players help carrying some of the burden makes sense to me. This is [sic] all bad options, but that option to me has a chance of working."[33]
Statement on Russian deal
Graham and Senator John McCain released a joint statement on the Russian deal with Syria to relinquish Syria's chemical weapons. McCain and Graham called the deal, "an act of provocative weakness on America’s part. We cannot imagine a worse signal to send to Iran as it continues its push for a nuclear weapon. Is the message of this agreement that Assad is now our negotiating partner, and that he can go on slaughtering innocent civilians and destabilizing the Middle East using every tool of warfare, so long as he does not use chemical weapons? That is morally and strategically indefensible."[34]
The two senators offered their own recommendation saying, “The only way this underlying conflict can be brought to a decent end is by significantly increasing our support to moderate opposition forces in Syria. We must strengthen their ability to degrade Assad’s military advantage, change the momentum on the battlefield, and thereby create real conditions for a negotiated end to the conflict."[34]
State of the Union response
Following the 2014 State of the Union Address, Graham said, "The world is literally about to blow up. The world as I know was not remotely described by the president. Syria is a contagion. Explain to me what happens if the Syrian conflict goes on another year and Assad continues to win. Iraq is disintegrating. The whole region is moving toward chaos, and we’re doing nothing. We’re talking about limiting drones? I hope he will leave a residual force in Afghanistan [so] they can do the job, because if he doesn’t, it will fall apart at a faster pace than Iraq."[35]
On March 6, 2013, Senator Rand Paul (R) led a 13-hour filibuster of President Obama's CIA Director nominee, John Brennan. Paul started the filibuster in order to highlight his concerns about the administration's drone policies. In particular, Paul said he was concerned about whether a drone could be used to kill an American citizen within the United States border, without any due process involved. Paul and other civil liberties activists criticized Obama for not offering a clear response to the question. A total of 14 senators joined Paul in the filibuster – 13 Republicans and one Democrat.[36][37][38]
After the filibuster, Graham spoke out against Paul and those that stood with him. He said, "To my Republican colleagues, I don’t remember any of you coming down here suggesting that President Bush was going to kill anybody with a drone, do you? They had a drone program back then, all of a sudden this drone program has gotten every Republican so spun up. What are we up to here?"[39]
Benghazi survivors & Obama nominees
On October 28, 2013, Graham said that he would block each of President Barack Obama's (D) nominees on the Senate floor until information about the survivors of the attack in Benghazi, Libya, was released. Graham tweeted:[40]
On October 30, Graham announced at a press conference that he would vote to confirm Obama's Department of Homeland Security nominee, Jeh Johnson. Graham referred to Johnson as well-qualified. Graham also amended his earlier stance by stating that the block did not extend to Rep. Mel Watt's nomination to director of the Federal Housing Finance Agency, since cloture was already filed before Graham's promise.[41]
Boxer-Graham amendment
Graham sponsored an amendment along with Sen. Barbara Boxer (D-Calif.) that proposed allowing victims of military sexual assault to file sworn statements instead of testifying in the pre-trial. Military courts would also have to provide victims’ lawyers with audio recordings of the hearing, in addition to limiting the defense to questions concerning probable cause. The hearings would also have to be presided over by an equal or higher-ranking officer than those parties involved.[42]
Affordable Care Act
Following the rollout of the Affordable Care Act website, Graham said, "The president promised if you liked your health care you could keep it. He said it’d be as cheap as a cell phone and easy as to access as Amazon.com, so he’s oh for three. How could for three years you haven’t noticed that you got to roll out a website on a certain day and it not work? Everybody’s responsible but nobody’s to blame, I guess, is sort of what I learned."[43]
Graham declined his employer contribution toward Obamacare and purchased his health care via South Carolina's health care exchange. Graham explained that his previous healthcare plan was cheaper and covered more. Graham said, "Sadly, I’m not the only one who will feel the negative effects of Obamacare. It’s happening all over South Carolina."[44]
Following the ACA rollout, Graham said, "The hardest problem for us is what to do next. Should we just get out of the way and point out horror stories? Should we come up with a mini Contract With America on health care, or just say generally if you give us the Congress, the House and the Senate in 2014, here’s what we will do for you on multiple issues including health care? You become a more effective critic when you say, ‘Here’s what I’m for,’ and we’re not there yet. So there’s our struggle."[45]
Abortion
Graham said he would introduce legislation in November 2013 to ban abortions after 20 weeks. The only exceptions would be in cases of rape, incest, or to protect the life of the mother. Graham asked, "When do you become you, at 20 weeks of a pregnancy? What is the proper role of the government in protecting that child?"[46]
Gang of Eight
Graham was a member of the group of senators deemed the Gang of Eight. This term was used to reference eight of the most influential senators on immigration reform and included four senators from each party.[47] The group called for comprehensive and bipartisan immigration legislation that included the following four basic pillars:
1. A “tough but fair path to citizenship . . . .contingent upon securing our borders and tracking whether legal immigrants have left the country as required”;
2. Reform our legal immigration system with a greater eye toward our economic needs;
3. Workplace verification; and
4. Setting up a system for admitting future workers[48]
Ballotpedia monitors legislation that receives a vote and highlights the ones that we consider to be key to understanding where elected officials stand on the issues. To read more about how we identify key votes, click here.
An act to provide for reconciliation pursuant to title II of H. Con. Res. 14.
An Act to provide for reconciliation pursuant to title II of H. Con. Res. 14 (H.R.1) was a reconciliation bill passed by the 119th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump (R) on 7/4/2025, which provided funding for various federal programs, increased the statutory debt limit, and addressed tax policy. It was also known as the One Big Beautiful Bill Act. The bill required a simple majority vote in the House and Senate and Vice President J.D. Vance (R) cast a tie-breaking vote in favor of passage in the Senate.[49]
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026
The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026 (S.2296) was a bill approved by the Senate on 10/9/2025, which set forth policies for the Department of Defense programs and activities and national security programs for the Department of Energy for fiscal year 2026. The bill required a three-fifths majority vote in the Senate.[51]
Establishing the congressional budget for the United States Government for fiscal year 2025 and setting forth the appropriate budgetary levels for fiscal years 2026 through 2034.
Establishing the congressional budget for the United States Government for fiscal year 2025 and setting forth the appropriate budgetary levels for fiscal years 2026 through 2034 (H.Con.Res.14) was a resolution agreed to by the Senate on 4/5/2025, which established the congressional budget for the federal government for fiscal year 2025 and budgetary levels for fiscal years 2026 through 2034 and provided reconciliation instructions for legislation to increase the statutory debt limit. The resolution was one of the budget resolutions proposed during the 2025 reconciliation process and required a simple majority vote in the Senate.[53]
Continuing Appropriations, Agriculture, Legislative Branch, Military Construction and Veterans Affairs, and Extensions Act, 2026
The Continuing Appropriations, Agriculture, Legislative Branch, Military Construction and Veterans Affairs, and Extensions Act, 2026 (H.R.5371) was a bill passed by the 119th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump (R) on 11/12/2025, which ended the government shutdown that began on 10/1/2025 by appropriating funds for federal agencies through 1/30/2026 and providing appropriations for certain programs through the end of fiscal year 2026. The bill required a three-fifths majority vote in the Senate.[55]
H.R.1968 - Full-Year Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2025
The Full-Year Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2025 (H.R.1968) was a bill passed by the 119th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump (R) on 3/15/2025, which provided appropriations for federal agencies for the fiscal year 2025 and extended various expiring authorities and programs. The bill required a simple majority vote in the Senate.[57]
The GENIUS Act (S.1582) was a bill passed by the 119th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump (R) on 7/18/2025, which created a regulatory framework for payment stablecoins, digital assets with a fixed redeemable value. The bill required a three-fifths majority vote in the Senate.[59]
The Epstein Files Transparency Act (H.R.4405) was a bill passed by the 119th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump (R) on 11/19/2025, which required the Department of Justice to publish all unclassified records, documents, communications, and investigative materials related to Jeffrey Epstein's investigation and prosecution in a searchable format. The bill was passed with unanimous consent in the Senate, avoiding the three-fifths majority vote requirement.[61]
The No Tax on Tips Act (S.129) was a bill agreed to by the Senate on 5/20/2025 that created a new tax deduction of up to $25,000 for tips, with certain limitations, and expanded the existing business tax credit to include payroll taxes paid on tips for some beauty services. The bill was agreed to by unanimous consent in the Senate, avoiding the three-fifths majority vote requirement.[62]
The Laken Riley Act (S.5) was a bill passed by the 119th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump (R) on 1/29/2025, which required the Department of Homeland Security to detain certain individuals residing in the United States without legal permission who have been arrested for burglary, theft, larceny, or shoplifting and authorized states to sue the federal government for alleged failures related to immigration enforcement. The bill required a three-fifths majority vote in the Senate.[63]
Continuing Appropriations and Extensions and Other Matters Act, 2026
The Continuing Appropriations and Extensions and Other Matters Act, 2026 (S.2882) was a bill that failed in the Senate on 10/9/2025 and would have provided continuing appropriations for federal agencies in fiscal year 2026, permanently extended the expanded premium tax credit for purchasing health insurance, extended certain expiring programs, and provided additional funding for Medicaid programs. The bill required a three-fifths majority vote in the Senate.[65]
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024
The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024 (H.R. 2670) was a bill passed by the 118th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on December 22, 2023, authorizing Department of Defense activities and programs for fiscal year 2024. The bill required a simple majority vote in the Senate to pass the bill as amended by a Senate and House conference report.[67]
Further Continuing Appropriations and Other Extensions Act, 2024
The Further Continuing Appropriations and Other Extensions Act, 2024 (H.R. 6363) was a bill passed by the 118th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on November 17, 2023, providing for the funding of federal agencies through January 19, 2024. The bill prevented a government shutdown that would have taken place if funding was not approved by November 17, 2023. The bill required a three-fifths majority vote in the Senate.[69]
Continuing Appropriations Act, 2024 and Other Extensions Act
The Continuing Appropriations Act, 2024 and Other Extensions Act (H.R. 5860) was a bill approved by the 118th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on September 30, 2023, providing for the funding of federal agencies through November 17, 2023. The bill prevented a government shutdown that would have taken place if funding was not approved by October 1, 2023. The bill required a three-fifths majority vote in the Senate.[71]
The Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023 (H.R. 3746) was a bill passed by the 118th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on June 3, 2023. The bill raised the federal debt limit until January 2025. The bill also capped non-defense spending in fiscal year 2024, rescinded unspent coronavirus relief funding, rescinded some Internal Revenue Service (IRS) funding, enhanced work requirements for the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) and the Temporary Assistance to Needy Families program (TANF), simplified environmental reviews for energy projects, and ended the student loan debt repayment pause in August 2023. The bill required a three-fifths majority vote in the Senate.[73]Click here to read more.
Relating to a national emergency declared by the President on March 13, 2020.
H.J.Res. 7 (Relating to a national emergency declared by the President on March 13, 2020.) was a joint resolution of disapproval under the terms of the Congressional Review Act (CRA) passed by the 118th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on April 10, 2023. The resolution ended the national coronavirus state of emergency, which began on March 13, 2020. The resolution required a simple majority vote in the Senate.[75]Click here to read more.
Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives relating to "Factoring Criteria for Firearms with Attached 'Stabilizing Braces'".
H.J.Res. 44 (Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives relating to "Factoring Criteria for Firearms with Attached 'Stabilizing Braces'".) was a joint resolution of disapproval under the terms of the Congressional Review Act (CRA) passed by the House of Representatives and voted down by the Senate. The bill sought to nullify a Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF) rule establishing criteria to determine whether firearms equipped with stabilizing braces that facilitate shoulder fire were subject to regulation under the National Firearms Act. The resolution required a simple majority vote in the Senate.[77]
Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Labor relating to "Prudence and Loyalty in Selecting Plan Investments and Exercising Shareholder Rights".
H.J.Res. 30 (Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Labor relating to "Prudence and Loyalty in Selecting Plan Investments and Exercising Shareholder Rights".) was a joint resolution of disapproval under the terms of the Congressional Review Act (CRA) passed by the 118th Congress and vetoed by President Joe Biden (D) on March 20, 2023. This was Biden's first veto of his presidency. The resolution sought to nullify a Department of Labor rule that amended the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA) to allow retirement plans to consider certain environmental, social, and corporate governance (ESG) factors in investment-related decisions. The resolution required a simple majority vote in the Senate.[79]Click here to read more.
The Social Security Fairness Act of 2023 (H.R. 82) was a bill passed by the 118th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on January 5, 2025, that reduced Social Security benefits for individuals who received other pensions from state or local governments. It also eliminated an offset that would reduce benefits for spouses and widows of individuals with government pensions. It also eliminated a provision that reduced benefits for an individual who received a pension or disability benefit from an employer that did not withhold Social Security taxes. This bill required a 2/3rds majority vote to pass.[81]
The Consolidated Appropriations Act 2024 (H.R. 4366) was a bill passed by the 118th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on March 9, 2024, authorizing appropriations for various government departments for the fiscal year 2024. The bill required a two-thirds majority vote in the House to pass the bill as amended by a Senate and House conference report.[83]
The FAA Reauthorization Act of 2024 (H.R. 3935) was a bill passed by the 118th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on May 16, 2024, that reauthorized Federal Aviation Administration funding until fiscal year 2028. The bill also made other modifications to address various department-related issues. The bill required a two-thirds majority vote in the House to pass the bill as amended by a Senate and House conference report. [85]
H.Res.863 Impeaching Alejandro Nicholas Mayorkas, Secretary of Homeland Security, for high crimes and misdemeanors, passed the U.S. House on February 13, 2024. The resolution impeached U.S. Secretary of Homeland Security Alejandro Mayorkas for high crimes and misdemeanors. The motion to impeach required a majority in the House and a 2/3rds vote in the Senate.[87]
H.Res.863 Impeaching Alejandro Nicholas Mayorkas, Secretary of Homeland Security, for high crimes and misdemeanors, passed the U.S. House on February 13, 2024. The resolution impeached U.S. Secretary of Homeland Security Alejandro Mayorkas for high crimes and misdemeanors. The motion to impeach required a majority in the House and a 2/3rds vote in the Senate.[89]
Making emergency supplemental appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2024, and for other purposes.
H.R. 815, Making emergency supplemental appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2024, and for other purposes, was passed by the 118th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on April 24, 2024, appropriating foreign aid to Israel, Taiwan, and Ukraine. The bill also mandated the company ByteDance divested from TikTok or the app would be removed from the U.S. This bill required a majority vote.[91]
The Border Act of 2024 (S.4361) was voted down in the U.S. Senate on April 23, 2024. The bill would have expanded the Department of Homeland Security's capabilities of handling individuals entering/residing in the country without permission. It would have expanded the Department's capabilities at the border. It required 3/5ths of the vote to pass cloture.[93]
S.4445, the Right to IVF Act, was voted down in the U.S. Senate on September 17, 2024. The bill would have codified access to in vitro fertilization (IVF) into law. This bill required a 3/5ths majority vote to pass cloture.[95]
Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2025
H.R.9747, the Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2025, was passed by the 118th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on September 26, 2024, providing funding to federal agencies, including the Secret Service, and federal programs for the 2025 fiscal year. The bill required a two-thirds majority vote in the House to pass the bill as amended by a Senate and House conference report.[97]
Tax Relief for American Families and Workers Act of 2024
The Tax Relief for American Families and Workers Act of 2024 (H.R.7024) was a bill passed by the U.S. House on January 31, 2024, that would have modified the U.S. tax code, increasing how much money can be given back in credits and what is exempt. This bill required a 2/3rds majority vote to pass.[99]
The 117th United States Congress began on January 3, 2021 and ended on January 3, 2023. At the start of the session, Democrats held the majority in the U.S. House of Representatives (222-213), and the U.S. Senate had a 50-50 makeup. Democrats assumed control of the Senate on January 20, 2021, when President Joe Biden (D) and Vice President Kamala Harris (D), who acted as a tie-breaking vote in the chamber, assumed office. We identified the key votes below using Congress' top-viewed bills list and through marquee coverage of certain votes on Ballotpedia.
Key votes: 117th Congress, 2021-2023
Vote
Bill and description
Status
Yea
Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act
The Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (H.R. 3684) was a federal infrastructure bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on November 15, 2021. Among other provisions, the bill provided funding for new infrastructure projects and reauthorizations, Amtrak maintenance and development, bridge repair, replacement, and rehabilitation, clean drinking water, high-speed internet, and clean energy transmission and power infrastructure upgrades. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate to invoke cloture and a 1/2 majority vote on passage.[101]Click here to read more.
Passed (69-30)
Nay
American Rescue Plan Act of 2021
The American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (H.R. 1319) was a bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on March 11, 2021, to provide economic relief in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Key features of the bill included funding for a national vaccination program and response, funding to safely reopen schools, distribution of $1,400 per person in relief payments, and extended unemployment benefits. The bill required a 1/2 majority vote in the Senate.[102]Click here to read more.
Passed (50-49)
Nay
Inflation Reduction Act of 2022
The Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (H.R. 5376) was a bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on August 16, 2022, to address climate change, healthcare costs, and tax enforcement. Key features of the bill included a $369 billion investment to address energy security and climate change, an extension of Affordable Care Act subsidies, allowing Medicare to negotiate certain drug prices, a 15% corporate minimum tax, a 1% stock buyback fee, and enhanced Internal Revenue Service (IRS) enforcement, and an estimated $300 billion deficit reduction from 2022-2031. The bill required a 1/2 majority vote in the Senate.[103]Click here to read more.
Passed (51-50)
Yea
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022
The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022 (S. 1605) was a bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on December 27, 2021, authorizing Department of Defense acitivities and programs for fiscal year 2022. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate to invoke cloture and a 1/2 majority vote on passage.[104]
Passed (88-11)
Yea
James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023
The James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023 (H.R. 7776) was a bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on December 23, 2022, authorizing Department of Defense activities and programs for fiscal year 2023. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate to invoke cloture and a 1/2 majority vote on passage.[105]
Passed (83-11)
Yea
Sergeant First Class Heath Robinson Honoring our Promise to Address Comprehensive Toxics Act of 2022
The Sergeant First Class Heath Robinson Honoring our Promise to Address Comprehensive Toxics Act of 2022 (S. 3373) was a bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on August 10, 2022, that sought to address healthcare access, the presumption of service-connection, and research, resources, and other matters related to veterans who were exposed to toxic substances during military service. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate to invoke cloture and a 1/2 majority vote on passage.[106]
Passed (86-11)
Yea
Chips and Science Act
The Chips and Science Act (H.R. 4346) was a bill approved by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on August 9, 2022, which sought to fund domestic production of semiconductors and authorized various federal science agency programs and activities. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate to invoke cloture and a 1/2 majority vote on passage.[107]
Passed (64-33)
Nay
Women’s Health Protection Act of 2021
The Women's Health Protection Act of 2021 (H.R. 3755) was a bill passed by the House of Representatives. The bill proposed prohibiting governmental restrictions on the provision of and access to abortion services and prohibiting governments from issuing some other abortion-related restrictions. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate to invoke cloture and a 1/2 majority vote on passage.[108]
Failed (46-48)
Yea
Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022
The Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022 (H.R. 2471) was a bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on March 15, 2022, providing for the funding of federal agencies for the remainder of 2022, providing funding for activities related to Ukraine, and modifying or establishing various programs. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate to invoke cloture and a 1/2 majority vote on passage.[109]
Passed (68-31)
Nay
Respect for Marriage Act
The Respect for Marriage Act (H.R. 8404) was a bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on December 13, 2022. The bill codified the recognition of marriages between individuals of the same sex and of different races, ethnicities, or national origins, and provided that the law would not impact religious liberty or conscience protections, or provide grounds to compel nonprofit religious organizations to recognize same-sex marriages. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate to invoke cloture and a 1/2 majority vote on passage.[110]Click here to read more.
Passed (61-36)
Yea
Continuing Appropriations and Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2023
The Continuing Appropriations and Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2023 (H.R. 6833) was a bill approved by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on September 30, 2022. It provided for some fiscal year 2023 appropriations, supplemental funds for Ukraine, and extended several other programs and authorities. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate to invoke cloture and a 1/2 majority vote on passage.[111]
Passed (72-25)
Yea
COVID-19 Hate Crimes Act
The COVID-19 Hate Crimes Act (S. 937) was a bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on May 20, 2021, that included provisions to designate an officer or employee of the Department of Justice (DOJ) to facilitate expedited review of hate crimes, required the DOJ to issue guidance to law enforcement agencies aimed to establish online hate crime reporting processes and to raise awareness about hate crimes during the COVID-19 pandemic, and established state grants to create hate crime reporting hotlines, among other related provisions. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate to invoke cloture and a 1/2 majority vote on passage.[112]
Passed (94-1)
Yea
Postal Service Reform Act of 2022
The Postal Service Reform Act of 2022 (H.R. 3076) was a bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on April 6, 2022, that sought to address healthcare and retirement benefits for postal workers, allow USPS to provide certain nonpostal products and services, and expand service performance and budgetary reporting. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate to invoke cloture and a 1/2 majority vote on passage.[113]
Passed (79-19)
Yea
Bipartisan Safer Communities Act
The Bipartisan Safer Communities Act (S. 2938) was a firearm regulation and mental health bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on June 25, 2022. Provisions of the bill included expanding background checks for individuals under the age of 21, providing funding for mental health services, preventing individuals who had been convicted of a domestic violence misdemeanor or felony in dating relationships from purchasing firearms for five years, providing funding for state grants to implement crisis intervention order programs, and providing funding for community-based violence prevention initiatives. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate to invoke cloture and a 1/2 majority vote on passage.[114]Click here to read more.
Passed (65-33)
Yea
Extending Government Funding and Delivering Emergency Assistance Act
The Extending Government Funding and Delivering Emergency Assistance Act (H.R. 5305) was a bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on September 30, 2021, that provided for continuing fiscal year 2022 appropriations to federal agencies through December 3, 2021, in order to prevent a government shutdown that would have otherwise occurred if fiscal year 2022 appropriations bills had not been passed by October 1, 2021. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate.[115]
Passed (65-35)
Not guilty
Impeaching Donald John Trump, President of the United States, for high crimes and misdemeanors.
This was a resolution before the 117th Congress setting forth an article of impeachment saying that Donald Trump (R) incited an insurrection against the government of the United States on January 6, 2021. The House of Representatives approved the article of impeachment, and the Senate adjudged that Trump was not guilty of the charges. Conviction on the impeachment charges required a 2/3 majority vote in the Senate.[116]Click here to read more.
Not guilty (57-43)
Nay
Domestic Terrorism Prevention Act of 2022
The Domestic Terrorism Prevention Act of 2022 (H.R. 350) was a bill passed by the House of Representatives and voted down by the Senate in a failed cloture vote that sought to expand the availability and reporting of information about domestic terrorism, enhance the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), the Department of Justice (DOJ), and the Federal Bureau of Investigation's (FBI) ability to prosecute domestic terrorism, among other things. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate to invoke cloture and a 1/2 majority vote on passage.[117]
Failed (47-47)
Nay
A concurrent resolution setting forth the congressional budget for the United States Government for fiscal year 2022 and setting forth the appropriate budgetary levels for fiscal years 2023 through 2031.
This concurrent resolution (S.Con.Res. 14) was a budget resolution passed by the 117th Congress outlining the fiscal year 2022 federal government budget, setting forth budgetary levels for fiscal years 2023-2031, and providing reconciliation instructions for legislation that increased the deficit. It contained a proposed framework for the Build Back Better Act. The resolution required 1/2 majority vote in the Senate.[118]Click here to read more.
Passed (50-49)
Nay
Freedom to Vote: John R. Lewis Act
The Freedom to Vote: John R. Lewis Act was a federal elections bill approved by the House of Representatives and voted down by the Senate in a failed cloture vote that sought to, among other provisions, make Election Day a public holiday, allow for same-day voter registration, establish minimum early voting periods, and allow absentee voting for any reason, restrict the removal of local election administrators in federal elections, regulate congressional redistricting, expand campaign finance disclosure rules for some organizations, and amend the Voting Rights Act to require some states to obtain clearance from the U.S. Department of Justice before implementing new election laws. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate to invoke cloture and a 1/2 majority vote on passage.[119]Click here to read more.
Failed (49-51)
Yea
Electoral Count Reform and Presidential Transition Improvement Act of 2022
The Electoral Count Reform and Presidential Transition Improvement Act was a bill passed by the 117th Congress in the form of an amendment to a year-end omnibus funding bill that was signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on December 23, 2022. The bill changed the procedure for counting electoral votes outlined in the Electoral Count Act of 1887. Elements of the bill included specifying that the vice president's role at the joint session of congress to count electoral votes is ministerial, raising the objection threshold at the joint session of congress to count electoral votes to one-fifth of the members of both the House of Representatives and the Senate, identifying governors as the single official responsible for submitting the certificate of ascertainment identifying that state’s electors, and providing for expedited judicial review of certain claims about states' certificates identifying their electors. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate to concur in the House's version of the bill.[120]Click here to read more.
The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act (H.R. 748) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump (R) on March 27, 2020, that expanded benefits through the joint federal-state unemployment insurance program during the coronavirus pandemic. The legislation also included $1,200 payments to certain individuals, funding for Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits, and funds for businesses, hospitals, and state and local governments. The bill required a three-fifths majority vote in the Senate.[121]
Passed (96-0)
Yea
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020
The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020 (S. 1790) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump (R) on December 20, 2019, setting policies and appropriations for the Department of Defense. Key features of this bill include appropriations for research/development, procurement, military construction, and operation/maintenence, as well as policies for paid family leave, North Korea nuclear sanctions, limiting the use of criminal history in federal hiring and contracting, military housing privatization, and paid family leave for federal personnel. This bill required a simple majroity vote in the Senate. [122]
Passed (86-8)
Yea
Families First Coronavirus Response Act
The Families First Coronavirus Response Act (H.R. 6201) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump (R) on March 18, 2020, addressing the COVID-19 pandemic by increasing access to unemployment benefits and food assistance, increasing funding for Medicaid, providing free testing for COVID-19, and requiring employers to provide paid sick time to employees who cannot work due to COVID-19. The bill required a three-fifths majority vote in the Senate.[123]
Passed (90-8)
Yea
Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020
The Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020 (H.R. 1865) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump (R) on December 20, 2019, providing appropriations for federal agencies in fiscal year 2020. This bill required a simple majority vote in the Senate.[124]
Passed (71-23)
Yea
Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2020
The Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2020 (H.R. 6074) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump on March 6, 2020, providing emergency funding to federal agencies in response to the COVID-19 outbreak. Key features of the bill include funding for vaccine research, small business loans, humanitarian assistance to affected foreign countries, emergency preparedness, and grants for public health agencies and organizations. This bill required a three-fifths majority vote in the Senate.[125]
Passed (96-1)
Yea
Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2019
The Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2019 (H.J.Res. 31) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump on February 15, 2019, providing approrations for Fiscal Year 2019. This bill required a simple majority vote in the Senate.[126]
Passed (83-16)
Yea
John D. Dingell, Jr. Conservation, Management, and Recreation Act
The John D. Dingell, Jr. Conservation, Management, and Recreation Act (S. 47) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Doanld Trump on March 12, 2019. This bill sought to set provisions for federal land management and conservation by doing things such as conducting land exchanges and conveyances, establishing programs to respond to wildfires, and extending and reauthorizing wildlife conservation programs. This bill required a simple majority vote in the Senate.[127]
Passed (92-8)
Not Voting
William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (passage)
The William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (H.R. 6395) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and vetoed by President Donald Trump on December 23, 2020. Congress voted to override Trump's veto, and the bill became law on January 1, 2021. The bill set Department of Defense policies and appropriations for Fiscal Year 2021. Trump vetoed the bill due to disagreement with provisions related to Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act, the renaming of certain military installations, limits on emergency military construction fund usage, and limits on troop withdrawals. This bill required a simple majority vote in the Senate on passage, and a two-thirds majority vote to overcome the veto.[128]
Passed (84-13)
Not Voting
William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (overcoming veto)
The William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (H.R. 6395) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and vetoed by President Donald Trump on December 23, 2020. Congress voted to override Trump's veto, and the bill became law on January 1, 2021. The bill set Department of Defense policies and appropriations for Fiscal Year 2021. Trump vetoed the bill due to disagreement with provisions related to Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act, the renaming of certain military installations, limits on emergency military construction fund usage, and limits on troop withdrawals. This bill required a simple majority vote in the Senate on passage, and a two-thirds majority vote to overcome the veto.[129]
Passed (81-13)
Yea
Strengthening America's Security in the Middle East Act of 2019
The Strengthening America's Security in the Middle East Act of 2019 (S. 1) is a bill approved by the Senate that sought to address security in certain Middle Eastern countries by sending resources to Israel, extending defense cooperation in Jordan, establishing sanctions related to the conflict in Syria, and allowing states to divest from entities boycotting Israel. The bill required a simple majority vote in the Senate.[130]
Passed (77-23)
Yea
Continuing Appropriations Act, 2021 and Other Extensions Act
The Continuing Appropriations Act, 2021 and Other Extensions Act (H.R. 8337) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump on October 1st, 2020, continuing appropriations to federal agencies for Fiscal Year 2021 as well as extending certain expiring programs that address issues such as health care, surface transportation, agriculture, and veterans benefits. This bill required a simple majority vote in the Senate.[131]
Passed (84-10)
Yea
Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020
The Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020 (H.R. 1158) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump on December 20, 2019, providing appropriations for the 2020 Fiscal Year for federal agencies. This bill required a simple majority vote in the Senate.[132]
Passed (81-11)
Yea
Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2020, and Further Health Extenders Act of 2019
The Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2020, and Further Health Extenders Act of 2019 (H.R. 3055) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump (R) on December 20, 2019, providing Fiscal Year 2020 appropriations to federal agencies through December 20, 2019 and extending certain programs and authorites that were set to expire. This bill prevented a government shutdown, and provided a pay raise for the military, repealed a revocation of state highway funding, and modified the United States Victims of State Sponsored Terrorism Fund. This bill required a two-thirds majority vote in the Senate.[133]
Passed (74-20)
Yea
Never Forget the Heroes: James Zadroga, Ray Pfeifer, and Luis Alvarez Permanent Authorization of the September 11th Victim Compensation Fund Act
The Never Forget the Heroes: James Zadroga, Ray Pfeifer, and Luis Alvarez Permanent Authorization of the September 11th Victim Compensation Fund Act (H.R. 1327) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump on July 29, 2019, providing funds for the September 11th Victim Compensation Fund of 2001. Key features of the bill included allowing claims to be filed until October 2090, removing the cap on noneconomic damages in certain circumstances, and periodically adjusting the annual limit on economic loss compensation for inflation. This bill required a simple majority vote from the Senate. [134]
Passed (97-2)
Not guilty
Impeaching Donald John Trump, President of the United States, for high crimes and misdemeanors. (article 1)
The 2020 impeachment of Donald Trump (R) was a resolution before the 116th Congress to set forth two articles of impeachment saying that Trump abused his power and obstructed congress. The first article was related to allegations that Trump requested the Ukrainian government investigate former Vice President Joe Biden (D) and his son, Hunter Biden, in exchange for aid, and the second was related to Trump's response to the impeachment inquiry.The House of Representatives approved both articles of impeachment, and the Senate adjudged that Trump was not guilty of either charge. Conviction on the impeachment charges required a two-thirds majority vote in the Senate. [135]
Not Guilty (52-48)
Not guilty
Impeaching Donald John Trump, President of the United States, for high crimes and misdemeanors. (article 2)
The 2020 impeachment of Donald Trump (R) was a resolution before the 116th Congress to set forth two articles of impeachment saying that Trump abused his power and obstructed congress. The first article was related to allegations that Trump requested the Ukrainian government investigate former Vice President Joe Biden (D) and his son, Hunter Biden, in exchange for aid, and the second was related to Trump's response to the impeachment inquiry.The House of Representatives approved both articles of impeachment, and the Senate adjudged that Trump was not guilty of either charge. Conviction on the impeachment charges required a two-thirds majority vote in the Senate. [136]
Not Guilty (53-47)
Yea
United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement Implementation Act
The United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement Implementation Act (H.R. 5430) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump (R) on October 21, 2020, establishing a trade agreement between the United States, Mexico, and Canada meant to replace the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) by establishing provisions such as labor and environment monitoring and enforcement, de minimis levels for U.S. exports, and cooperation among treaty members to prevent duty evasion. This bill required a simple majority vote in the Senate.[137]
Passed (89-10)
Yea
Pallone-Thune Telephone Robocall Abuse Criminal Enforcement and Deterrence Act
The Pallone-Thune Telephone Robocall Abuse Criminal Enforcement and Deterrence Act (S. 151) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump (R) on December 30, 2019, setting forth rules to reduce criminal robot calls. Some key featues of the bill included requiring voice service providers to develop call authentication technologies, creating rules to protect a subscriber from receiving unwanted calls or texts from a caller using an unauthenticated number, and protecting individuals from one-ring scams. This bill required a simple majority vote in the Senate.[138]
Passed (97-1)
Yea
Emergency Supplemental Appropriations for Humanitarian Assistance and Security at the Southern Border Act, 2019
The Emergency Supplemental Appropriations for Humanitarian Assistance and Security at the Southern Border Act, 2019 (H.R. 3401) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump (R) on July 1, 2019, providing emergency approprations for humanitarian assistance and security to respond to people attempting to enter the United States at the southern border. This bill required a three-fifths majority vote in the Senate.[139]
Passed (84-8)
Yea
Additional Supplemental Appropriations for Disaster Relief Act, 2019
The Additional Supplemental Appropriations for Disaster Relief Act, 2019 (H.R. 2157) was a bill passed by the 116th Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump on June 6, 2019, providing approprations to certain federal departments in order to address expenses incured by recent natural disasters. This bill required a simple majority vote in the Senate.[140]
Passed (85-8)
Nay
Relating to a national emergency declared by the President on February 15, 2019.
H.J.Res.46 (Relating to a national emergency declared by the President on February 15, 2019.) was a resolution passed by the 116th Congress and vetoed by President Donald Trump (R). This resolution sought to terminate the national emergency related to the U.S.-Mexico border, declared by President Trump on February 15, 2019. The bill required a simple majority vote in the Senate.[141]
Passed (59-41)
Key votes: 115th Congress, 2017-2018
For detailed information about each vote, click here.
Proposed making changes to the criminal justice system.[142]
Voted Yea on: Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (HR 2)
Conference Report Agreed to (87-13) on December 11, 2018
Proposed providing funding for commodity support, conservation, trade and international food aid, nutrition assistance, farm credit, rural development, research and extension activities, forestry, horticulture, and crop insurance through fiscal year 2023.[143]
Voted Yea on: "Brett M. Kavanaugh, of Maryland, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States" (PN2259)
Nomination Confirmed (50-48) on October 6, 2018
Brett M. Kavanaugh, of Maryland, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States[144]
Voted Yea on: "Brett M. Kavanaugh, of Maryland, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States" (PN2259)
Cloture Motion Agreed to (51-49) on October 5, 2018
Brett M. Kavanaugh, of Maryland, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States[145]
Voted Yea on: Agriculture and Nutrition Act of 2018 (HR 2)
Bill Passed (86-11, 3/5 majority required) on June 28, 2018
Proposed providing funding for commodity support, conservation, trade and international food aid, nutrition assistance, farm credit, rural development, research and extension activities, forestry, horticulture, and crop insurance.[146]
Voted Yea on: Immigration reform proposal from Sen. Chuck Grassley and the Trump administration (S Amdt 1959 to HR 2579)
Cloture Motion Rejected (39-60, 3/5 majority required) on February 15, 2018
Proposed providing a path to citizenship for 1.8 million individuals brought into the U.S. without legal permission as children, $25 billion for border security, limits on chain migration or family-based migration, and eliminating the visa lottery system.[147]
Voted Yea on: Immigration reform proposal from the Common Sense Coalition (S Amdt 1958 to HR 2579)
Cloture Motion Rejected (54-45, 3/5 majority required) on February 15, 2018
Proposed providing a path to citizenship for individuals brought into the U.S. without legal permission as children, $25 billion for border security, and limitations on chain or family-based immigration.[148]
Voted Yea on: Stop Dangerous Sanctuary Cities Act amendment (S Amdt 1948 to S Amdt 1959)
Cloture Motion Rejected (54-45, 3/5 majority required) on February 15, 2018
Proposed withholding funding from sanctuary jurisdictions for not cooperating with federal immigration officials.[149]
Voted Yea on: Coons-McCain immigration plan (S Amdt 1955 to S Amdt 1958)
Cloture Motion Rejected (52-47, 3/5 majority required) on February 15, 2018
Proposed providing a path to citizenship for individuals brought into the U.S. without legal permission as children and conducting a study to determine what border security measures were needed. It also proposed requiring the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to secure the U.S.-Mexico border by 2021.[150]
Voted Yea on: Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act (S 2311)
Cloture on the Motion to Proceed Rejected (51-46, 3/5 majority required) on January 29, 2018
Proposed amending the federal criminal code to make it a crime for any person to perform or attempt to perform an abortion if the probable post-fertilization age of the fetus was 20 weeks or more. The bill proposed providing exceptions for an abortion: (1) that was necessary to save the life of the pregnant woman, or (2) when the pregnancy was the result of rape or incest.[151]
Voted Yea on: An amendment to repeal the requirements for individuals to enroll in health insurance and for employers to offer it—"Skinny bill" (S Amdt 667 to S Amdt 267 to HR 1628 the American Health Care Act of 2017)
Amendment Rejected (49-51) on July 28, 2017
The amendment proposed repealing the requirements for individuals to enroll in health insurance and for employers to offer it.[152]
Voted Yea on: An amendment to repeal the ACA, including Paul amendment (No. 271) (S Amdt 271 to S Amdt 267 to HR 1628)
Amendment Rejected (45-55) on July 26, 2017
An amendment to repeal the ACA, including Paul amendment (No. 271)[153]
Voted Nay on: Motion to advance the Better Care Reconciliation Act of 2017, including Cruz and Portman amendments (S Amdt 270 to S Amdt 267 to HR 1628)
Motion Rejected (43-57, 3/5 majority required) on July 25, 2017
A procedural vote to advance the Better Care Reconciliation Act of 2017 (BCRA), including the Cruz and Portman amendments.[154]
Voted Yea on: Motion to begin debate on the American Health Care Act of 2017 (HR 1628)
Motion to Proceed Agreed to (50-50, Vice President voted Yea) on July 25, 2017
Proposed providing for reconciliation pursuant to title II of the concurrent resolution on the budget for fiscal year 2017.[155]
Voted Yea on: Neil M. Gorsuch, of Colorado, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (PN55(4)—confirmation vote)
Nomination Confirmed (54-45) on April 7, 2017
Neil M. Gorsuch, of Colorado, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States—confirmation vote.[156]
Voted Yea on: Neil M. Gorsuch, of Colorado, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (PN55(3))
Cloture Motion Agreed to (55-45) on April 6, 2017
Neil M. Gorsuch, of Colorado, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States—second vote to end debate and move to a vote on Gorsuch's nomination under the new precedent requiring only a simple majority to pass.[157]
Voted Nay on: Neil M. Gorsuch, of Colorado, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (PN55(2))
Decision of Chair Not Sustained (48-52) on April 6, 2017
Neil M. Gorsuch, of Colorado, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States—a vote to keep the Senate precedent of requiring 60 votes to close debate on Supreme Court nominations.[158]
Voted Yea on: Neil M. Gorsuch, of Colorado, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (PN55)
Cloture Motion Rejected (55-45, 3/5 majority required) on April 6, 2017
Neil M. Gorsuch, of Colorado, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States—initial vote to end debate and move to a vote on Gorsuch's nomination.[159]
Voted Yea on: "Department of Defense and Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education Appropriations Act, 2019" (HR 6157)
Conference Report Agreed to (93-7) on September 18, 2018
Proposed authorizing FY2019 appropriations and policies for the Departments of Defense, Health and Human Services (HHS), Labor, and Education.[160]
Voted Yea on: "Energy and Water, Legislative Branch, and Military Construction and Veterans Affairs Appropriations Act, 2019" (HR 5895)
Conference Report Agreed to (92-5) on September 12, 2018
Proposed authorizing FY2019 appropriations and policies for the Department of Energy, water resources, the legislative branch, military construction, and the Department of Veterans Affairs, among other programs.[161]
Voted Yea on: "Department of Defense and Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education Appropriations Act, 2019" (HR 6157)
Bill Passed (85-7) on August 23, 2018
Proposed authorizing FY2019 appropriations and policies for the Departments of Defense, Health and Human Services (HHS), Labor, and Education.[162]
Did not vote on: "Energy and Water, Legislative Branch, and Military Construction and Veterans Affairs Appropriations Act, 2019" (HR 5895)
Bill Passed (86-5) on June 25, 2018
Proposed authorizing FY2019 appropriations and policies for the Department of Energy, water resources, the legislative branch, military construction, and the Department of Veterans Affairs, among other programs.[163]
Voted Yea on: Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2018 (HR 1625)
Motion Agreed to (65-32) on March 23, 2018
Proposed providing appropriations for fiscal year 2018, and for other purposes.[164]
Voted Yea on: The Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018 (HR 1892)
Motion Agreed to (71-28) on February 9, 2018
Proposed providing further continuing appropriations through March 23, 2018[165]
Voted Yea on: Further Additional Continuing Appropriations Act, 2018 (HR 695)
Cloture Motion Rejected (55-44, 3/5 majority required) on February 8, 2018
Proposed providing further continuing appropriations through March 23, 2018.[166]
Voted Yea on: Further Additional Continuing Appropriations Act, 2018 (HR 195)
Motion Agreed to (81-18) on January 22, 2018
Proposed providing further continuing appropriations through February 8, 2018.[167]
Voted Yea on: Further Additional Continuing Appropriations Act, 2018 (HR 195)
Cloture Motion Agreed to (81-18, 3/5 majority required) on January 22, 2018
Proposed providing further continuing appropriations through February 8, 2018.[168]
Voted Nay on: Further Additional Continuing Appropriations Act, 2018 (HR 195)
Cloture Motion Rejected (50-49, 3/5 majority required) on January 19, 2018
Proposed providing further continuing appropriations through January 19, 2018.[169]
Voted Yea on: Further Additional Continuing Appropriations Act, 2018 (HR 1370)
Motion Agreed to (66-32, 3/5 majority required) on December 21, 2017
Proposed providing further continuing appropriations through January 19, 2018.[170]
Voted Yea on: Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (HR 1)
Motion Agreed to (51-48) on December 20, 2017
Proposed providing for reconciliation pursuant to titles II and V of the concurrent resolution on the budget for fiscal year 2018 and proposed changes to the tax code.[171]
Voted Yea on: "A joint resolution making further continuing appropriations for fiscal year 2018, and for other purposes." (HJ Res 123)
Joint Resolution Passed (81-14) on December 7, 2017
Proposed funding the government until December 22, 2017.[172]
Voted Yea on: Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (HR 1)
Bill Passed (51-49) on December 2, 2017
Proposed amending the Internal Revenue Code to reduce tax rates and modify policies, credits, and deductions for individuals and businesses.[173]
Voted Yea on: A concurrent resolution establishing the congressional budget for the United States Government for fiscal year 2018 and setting forth the appropriate budgetary levels for fiscal years 2019 through 2027. (H Con Res 71)
Concurrent Resolution Agreed to (51-49) on October 19, 2017
Proposed establishing the congressional budget for the United States Government for fiscal year 2018 and setting forth the appropriate budgetary levels for fiscal years 2019 through 2027.[174]
Voted Nay on: Disaster Relief Appropriations Act, 2017 (Included amendments to suspend the debt ceiling and fund the government) (HR 601)
Motion Agreed to (80-17) on September 7, 2017
Proposed suspending the debt ceiling and funding the government until December 8, 2017, and providing funding for Hurricanes Harvey and Irma relief efforts.[175]
Voted Nay on: Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2017 (HR 244)
Motion Agreed to (79-18) on May 4, 2017
The $1.2 trillion budget bill proposed funding the government through the end of the fiscal year on September 30, 2017.[176]
Did not vote on: "A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities in the Republic of Yemen that have not been authorized by Congress." (SJ Res 54)
Joint Resolution Passed (56-41) on December 13, 2018
Proposed removing United States Armed Forces from hostilities in the Republic of Yemen that were not authorized by Congress.[177]
Did not vote on: National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018 (HR 2810)
Bill Passed (89-8) on September 18, 2017
Proposed authorizing appropriations for fiscal year 2018 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, and to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes. On November 15, 2017, the Senate passed the defense policy bill by voice vote. This bill was the result of compromises made in the conference report. For more information on the compromise bill, click here.[178][179]
Voted Yea on: Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (HR 3364)
Bill Passed (98-2) on July 27, 2017
Proposed providing congressional review and proposed countering aggression by the governments of Iran, the Russian Federation, and North Korea, and for other purposes.[180]
Voted Yea on: Countering Iran's Destabilizing Activities Act of 2017 (S 722)
Bill Passed (98-2) on June 15, 2017
Proposed providing congressional review and proposed countering aggression by the governments of Iran, the Russian Federation, and North Korea, and for other purposes.[181]
114th Congress
The first session of the 114th Congress enacted into law six out of the 2,616 introduced bills (0.2 percent). Comparatively, the 113th Congress had 1.3 percent of introduced bills enacted into law in the first session. In the second session, the 114th Congress enacted 133 out of 3,159 introduced bills (4.2 percent). Comparatively, the 113th Congress had 7.0 percent of introduced bills enacted into law in the second session.[182][183] The Senate confirmed 18,117 out of 21,815 executive nominations received (83 percent). For more information pertaining to Graham's voting record in the 114th Congress, please see the below sections.[184]
On May 22, 2015, the Senate passed HR 1314, which was used as a legislative vehicle for trade legislation with the titles "Trade Act of 2015" and the "Bipartisan Congressional Trade Priorities and Accountability Act of 2015," by a vote of 62-37. The bill proposed giving the president trade promotion authority (TPA). TPA, also known as fast track authority, allows the president to negotiate trade deals that cannot be amended by Congress. Congress casts a simple up or down vote on a trade agreement, and the legislation only requires a simple majority for approval. The bill also included a statement of trade priorities and provisions for trade adjustment assistance. Graham voted with 47 other Republicansenators to approve the bill.[185][186] Trade promotion authority On June 24, 2015, by a vote of 60-38, the Senate approved trade promotion authority (TPA) as part of HR 2146 - Defending Public Safety Employees' Retirement Act. Graham was one of 47 Republicans to vote in favor of the bill. After, Senate Republican leadership honored a pledge to support trade adjustment assistance (TAA) by passing the measure as part of HR 1295 - Trade Preferences Extension Act of 2015 by voice vote. The House passed HR 1295 the following day, on June 25, 2015, and both TPA and TAA were signed into law on June 29, 2015.[187][188][189]
2016 Budget proposal
On May 5, 2015, the Senate voted to approve SConRes11, a congressional budget proposal for fiscal year 2016, by a vote of 51-48. The non-binding resolution will be used to create 12 appropriations bills to fund the government. The vote marked the first time since 2009 that Congress approved a joint budget resolution. All 44 Democrats voted against the resolution. Graham voted with 50 other Republicansenators to approve the bill.[190][191][192]
Defense spending authorization
On November 10, 2015, the Senate passed S 1356 - the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2016 by a vote of 91-3. The second version of the $607 billion national defense bill included "$5 billion in cuts to match what was approved in the budget" and language preventing the closure of the Guantanamo Bay military prison.[193][194] Graham and five Republicans did not vote.[195] On November 5, 2015, the House passed the bill by a vote of 370-58, and President Barack Obama signed it into law on November 25, 2015.[196]
On June 18, 2015, the Senate passed HR 1735 - National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2016 by a vote of 71-25. The bill "authorizes FY2016 appropriations and sets forth policies for Department of Defense (DOD) programs and activities, including military personnel strengths. It does not provide budget authority, which is provided in subsequent appropriations legislation." Graham and two other Republicans did not vote.[197] The House passed the bill on May 15, 2015.[198] President Barack Obamavetoed the bill on October 22, 2015.[199]
2015 budget
On October 30, 2015, the Senate passed HR 1314 - Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015 by a vote of 64-35. The bill increased military and domestic spending levels and suspended the debt ceiling until March 2017.[200] Graham voted with 17 Republicans, 44 Democrats and two independents in favor of the bill.[201] It passed the House on October 28, 2015.[202] President Barack Obama signed it into law on November 2, 2015.
Hire More Heroes Act of 2015 On September 10, 2015, the Senate voted to filibuster the measure to disapprove of the Iran nuclear deal by a vote of 58-42.[205] Sixty votes were needed to proceed to HJ Res 61 - the Hire More Heroes Act of 2015, the legislative vehicle the Senate was expected to use to disapprove of the Iran nuclear deal. Graham voted with 53 other Republicans and four Democrats to proceed to the measure of disapproval.[206]
Hire More Heroes Act of 2015 follow up votes On September 15, 2015, the Senate voted for a second time to filibuster the measure to disapprove of the Iran nuclear deal by a vote of 56-42.[207] Sixty votes were needed to proceed to HJ Res 61 - the Hire More Heroes Act of 2015, the legislative vehicle the Senate was expected to use to disapprove of the Iran nuclear deal. Graham and one other Republican did not vote.[208]
Hire More Heroes Act of 2015 fourth vote On September 17, 2015, the Senate voted to filibuster a vote on S.Amdt.2656 to S.Amdt.2640 by a vote of 53-45. The amendment proposed prohibiting "the President from waiving, suspending, reducing, providing relief from, or otherwise limiting the application of sanctions pursuant to an agreement related to the nuclear program of Iran."[209] Graham voted with 51 Republicans and one Democrat to proceed to the amendment.[210]
On October 20, 2015, the Senate voted against proceeding to a vote on S 2146 - the Stop Sanctuary Policies and Protect Americans Act by a vote of 54-45. The bill proposed withholding federal funding from "sanctuary jurisdictions" that violate the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 and other federal immigration laws. In addition, the bill proposed increasing "penalties for individuals who illegally reenter the United States after being removed" and providing "liability protection for State and local law enforcement who cooperate with Federal law enforcement."[216] Graham was the only senator who did not vote.[217]
113th Congress
The second session of the 113th Congress enacted into law 224 out of the 3215 introduced bills (7 percent). Comparatively, the 112th Congress had 4.2 percent of introduced bills enacted into law in the second session.[218] The Senate confirmed 13,949 out of 18,323 executive nominations received (76.1 percent). For more information pertaining to Graham's voting record in the 113th Congress, please see the below sections.[219]
National security
John Brennan CIA nomination
Graham voted for the confirmation of John Brennan as Director of the Central Intelligence Agency. The nomination was confirmed by the Senate on March 7, 2013, with a vote of 63 - 34. Most Democrats supported the nomination, while Republicans were somewhat divided with roughly one-third supporting the nomination.[220]
Economy
Farm bill
On February 4, 2014, the Democratic controlled Senate approved the Federal Agriculture Reform and Risk Management Act of 2013, H.R. 2642, also known as the Farm Bill.[221] It passed the Senate with a vote of 68-32. The nearly 1,000-page bill reformed and continued various programs of the Department of Agriculture through 2018. The $1 trillion bill expanded crop insurance for farmers by $7 billion over the next decade and created new subsidies for rice and peanut growers that will kick in when prices drop; however, cuts to the food stamp program cut an average of $90 per month for 1.7 million people in 15 states.[222] Graham joined with 19 other Republicansenators in favor of the bill.
2014 Budget
On January 16, 2014, the Democratic-controlled Senate approved H.R. 3547, a $1.1 trillion spending bill to fund the government through September 30, 2014.[223][224] The Senate voted 72-26 for the 1,582 page bill, with 17 Republicans and 55 Democrats voting in favor of the bill.[224] The omnibus package included 12 annual spending bills to fund federal operations.[225] It included a 1 percent increase in the paychecks of federal workers and military personnel, a $1 billion increase in Head Start funding for early childhood education, reduced funding to the Internal Revenue Service and the Environmental Protection Agency and left the Affordable Care Act without any drastic cuts. Graham voted with the 17 Republican and the 55 Democratic members in favor of the bill.[223][224]
Graham donated his salary to the Wounded Warriors Project while the government was shutdown.[226]
During the shutdown in October 2013, the Senate rejected, down party lines, every House-originated bill that stripped the budget of funding for the Affordable Care Act. A deal was reached late on October 16, 2013, just hours before the debt ceiling deadline. The bill to reopen the government, H.R. 2775, lifted the $16.7 trillion debt limit and funded the government through January 15, 2014. Federal employees also received retroactive pay for the shutdown period. The only concession made by Senate Democrats was to require income verification for Obamacare subsidies.[227] The final vote on H.R. 2775 was 81-18, with all 18 votes against the bill from Republican members. Graham voted with the Democratic Party for the bill.[228]
No Budget, No Pay Act of 2013
Graham voted for H.R.325 -- No Budget, No Pay Act of 2013. The bill passed the Senate on January 31, 2013, with a vote of 64 - 34. The purpose of the bill was to temporarily suspend the debt ceiling and withhold the pay of members of Congress until a budget could be passed. The vote largely followed party lines with Democrats overwhelmingly supporting it and many Republicans in opposition to the bill.[229]
Immigration
Mexico-U.S. border
Graham voted against Senate Amendment 1197 -- Requires the Completion of the Fence Along the United States-Mexico Border. The amendment was rejected by the Senate on June 18, 2013, with a vote of 39 - 54. The purpose of the amendment was to require the completion of 350 miles of fence described in the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 before registered provisional immigrant status may be granted. It would also require 700 miles of fence be completed before the status of registered provisional immigrants may be changed to permanent resident status. The vote followed party lines.[230]
Social issues
Violence Against Women (2013)
Graham voted against S.47 -- Violence Against Women Reauthorization Act of 2013. The bill was passed by the Senate on February 12, 2013, with a vote of 78 - 22. The purpose of the bill was to combat violence against women, from domestic violence to international trafficking in persons. All 22 dissenting votes were cast by Republicans.[231]
Previous congressional sessions
Fiscal cliff
Graham voted for the fiscal cliff compromise bill, which made permanent most of the Bush tax cuts originally passed in 2001 and 2003, while also raising tax rates on the highest income levels. The bill was passed in the Senate by an 89 - 8 vote on January 1, 2013.[232]
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Lindsey Graham Incumbent
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Yea
Nay
