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Nuclear Weapon Effects

1-MT SURFACE BURST 15-MPH WIND
Miles Downwind of Ground Zero
Weapon EffectsUnitsMSD.5.6.7.8.9123451050100
Thermal BurnsdegreeFBFBFBFBFBFB33333------
Thermal Energy Skincal/cm2350035002300160012009007501405228163----
Maximum Blast Windmph2000200017501500140011008002601501007022----
Maximum Overpress.psi2002001308570483895321----
Overpressure Arrivalseconds000000158141645----
Overpressure Durationseconds1111111234545----
Max. Dynamic Pressurepsi35035019013010058302<1<1<1------
Peak Vert. Displacementinches11.711.78.86.65.84.53.91.40.80.5--------
Peak Horiz. Displacementinches3.93.92.92.21.91.51.30.50.30.2--------
Total Neutron Radiationrems10000001000000500000210000130000560003200040------------
Total Fallout Gammarems129881298812988129881298812988129881298812988129881250991371073277
Total Initial Gammarems25000012000080000500002000010000803------------
Fallout Arrival Timehours0.50.50.50.50.50.50.50.50.50.50.50.52.96.3
Fallout Radiation Doses
Week 1rems/day16921692169216921692169216921692169216921665119213132
Week 2rems/day52525252525252525252513772
Week 3rems/day35353535353535353535342452
Week 4rems/day25252525252525252525251831
Month 2rems/day3333333333320.50.2
Month 3rems/day3333333333320.40.1
Month 4rems/day2222222222220.30.1
Month 5rems/day2222222222210.30.1
Month 6rems/day2222222222210.20.1

Crater Radius= 370-660 ft (dry, hard rock-soft, wet soil)
Crater Depth= 190-260 ft (dry, hard rock-soft, wet soil)
Maximum Cloud Radius= 10.0 miles
Maximum Cloud Height= 13.0 miles
Maximum Fireball Radius (FB)= 0.9 miles
Minimum Survival Distance (MSD)= 0.5 miles
--= No Measurable Effect

Note: Decimal places are used to show progression of effects and are not intended to indicate fractional accuracy.



500-KT SURFACE BURST 15-MPH WIND
Miles Downwind of Ground Zero
Weapon EffectsUnits  MSD.5.6.7.8.9123451050100
Thermal BurnsdegreeFBFBFBFB3333333------
Thermal Energy Skincal/cm23250200013009006004903607027138------
Maximum Blast Windmph20001600140012008006005502201057048------
Maximum Overpressurepsi20012070503628237321------
Overpressure Arrivalseconds0<1<1<11125101420------
Overpressure Durationseconds<1<1<111111234------
Max. Dynamic Pressurepsi300170110602514101<1----------
Peak Vert. Displacementinches9.86.94.73.73.02.52.10.8------------
Peak Horiz. Displacementinches3.32.31.61.31.00.80.70.3------------
Total Neutron Radiationrems100000060000022000011000046000230001400040------------
Total Fallout Gammarems11854118541185411854118541185411854118541185411154103877035771210
Total Initial Gammarems12500012500060000400002000090004000101----------
Fallout Arrival Timehours0.50.50.50.50.50.50.50.50.50.50.50.536
Fallout Radiation Doses
Week 1rems/day1541154115411541541154154115411541144613519149524
Week 2rems/day47474747474747474744422852
Week 3rems/day31313131313131313130281931
Week 4rems/day23232323232323232322201420.8
Month 2rems/day3333333333320.30.1
Month 3rems/day3333333333220.30.1
Month 4rems/day2222222222210.20.1
Month 5rems/day2222222222210.20.1
Month 6rems/day2222222222110.20.1

Crater Radius=317-528 ft (dry,hard rock-soft,wet soil)
Crater Depth=148-206 ft (dry,hard rock-soft,wet soil)
Maximum Cloud Radius=7.4 miles
Maximum Cloud Height=11 miles
Maximum Fireball Radius (FB)=0.7 miles
Minimum Survival Distance (MSD)=0.4 miles
--=No Measurable Effect

Note: Decimal places are used to show progression of effects and are not intended to indicate fractional accuracy.



200-KT SURFACE BURST 15-MPH WIND
Miles Downwind of Ground Zero
Weapon EffectsUnitsMSD.5.6.7.8.9123451050100
Thermal BurnsdegreeFBFB333333332------
Thermal Energy Skincal/cm21500900560400300220180351474------
Maximum Blast Windmph20001200750600480400340120654028------
Maximum Overpressurepsi200523525201512421--------
Overpressure Arrivalseconds0<1111225101620------
Overpressure Durationseconds<1<1<111112333------
Max. Dynamic Pressurepsi300652512753--------------
Peak Vert. Displacementinches7.92.92.21.61.31.00.8--------------
Peak Horiz. Displacementinches2.61.00.70.50.40.30.3--------------
Total Neutron Radiationrems100000017500076000350002000010000450010------------
Total Fallout Gammarems1046410464104641046410464104641046410464992589387854776507138
Total Initial Gammarems50000500002000090004000250010003------------
Fallout Arrival Timehours0.50.50.50.50.50.50.50.50.50.50.50.536
Fallout Radiation Doses
Week 1rems/day136213621362136213621362136213621290115710246436216
Week 2rems/day42424242424242424036322031
Week 3rems/day28282828282828282624211320.8
Week 4rems/day20202020202020201917151020.6
Month 2rems/day3333333333210.20.1
Month 3rems/day2222222222210.20.1
Month 4rems/day222222222210.90.20.1
Month 5rems/day222222222210.80.1--
Month 6rems/day111111111110.70.1--

Crater Radius=238-396 ft (dry, hard rock-soft, wet soil)
Crater Depth=106-159 ft (dry, hard rock-soft, wet soil)
Maximum Cloud Radius=5 miles
Maximum Cloud Height=9 miles
Maximum Fireball Radius (FB)=0.5 miles
Minimum Survival Distance (MSD)=0.3 miles
--=No Measurable Effect

Note: Decimal places are used to show progression of effects and are not intended to indicate fractional accuracy.



100-KT SURFACE BURST 15-MPH WIND
Miles Downwind of Ground Zero
Weapon EffectsUnitsMSD.5.6.7.8.9123451050100
Thermal BurnsdegreeFB3333333331------
Thermal Energy Skincal/cm2250050035023018013011022973------
Maximum Blast Windmph200075050040034028024085------------
Maximum Overpressurepsi200302115121082------------
Overpressure Arrivalseconds<1<1<111228------------
Overpressure Durationseconds<1<1<111112------------
Max. Dynamic Pressurepsi3002095321<1------------
Peak Vert. Displacementinches6.91.51.00.70.60.40.3--------------
Peak Horiz. Displacementinches2.30.50.40.20.20.10.1--------------
Total Neutron Radiationrems1000000800002500015000750040001600--------------
Total Fallout Gammarems955495549554955495549554955490648507747863793753375100
Total Initial Gammarems2500025000100004500200012005002------------
Fallout Arrival Timehours0.50.50.50.50.50.50.50.50.50.50.5136
Fallout Radiation Doses
Week 1rems/day1240124012401240124012401240117411079698314934512
Week 2rems/day38383838383838363430261530.9
Week 3rems/day25252525252525242220171020.6
Week 4rems/day1919191919191918171512710.4
Month 2rems/day3333333322210.20.1
Month 3rems/day222222222210.80.1--
Month 4rems/day222222222210.70.1--
Month 5rems/day222222221110.60.1--
Month 6rems/day11111111110.90.50.1--

Crater Radius=211-317 ft (dry,hard rock-soft,wet soil)
Crater Depth=90-127 ft (dry,hard rock-soft,wet soil)
Maximum Cloud Radius=3.7 miles
Maximum Cloud Height=7 miles
Maximum Fireball Radius (FB)=0.35 miles
Minimum Survival Distance (MSD)=0.24 miles
--=No Measurable Effect

Note: Decimal places are used to show progression of effects and are not intended to indicate fractional accuracy.



50-KT SURFACE BURST 15-MPH WIND
Miles Downwind of Ground Zero
Weapon EffectsUnitsMSD.5.6.7.8.9123451050100
Thermal Burns degree3333333321----------
Thermal Energy Skincal/cm2240025017012090705010421------
Maximum Blast Windmph20004703502902402101706030----------
Maximum Overpressurepsi20019131087621----------
Overpressure Arrivalseconds<1<122222610----------
Overpressure Durationseconds<1<1<1<1<11122----------
Max. Dynamic Pressurepsi325742211--------------
Peak Vert. Displacementinches6.00.70.4----------------------
Peak Horiz. Displacementinches2.00.20.1----------------------
Total Neutron Radiationrems100000030000175007500300020001000--------------
Total Fallout Gammarems86458645864586458645864586457980730162105168291228073
Total Initial Gammarems12000120005000200010005002507------------
Fallout Arrival Timehours0.50.50.50.50.50.50.50.50.50.50.50.536
Fallout Radiation Doses
Week 1rems/day11301130113011301130113011301041951813674378339
Week 2rems/day35353535353535322925211220.7
Week 3rems/day2323232323232321191714810.4
Week 4rems/day171717171717171614121060.90.3
Month 2rems/day222222222110.80.1--
Month 3rems/day222222222110.60.1--
Month 4rems/day111111111110.50.1--
Month 5rems/day1111111110.90.80.50.1--
Month 6rems/day1111111110.80.70.40.1--

Crater Radius=185-317 ft (dry, hard rock-soft, wet soil)
Crater Depth=79-132 ft (dry, hard rock-soft, wet soil)
Maximum Cloud Radius=2.8 miles
Maximum Cloud Height=7.5 miles
Maximum Fireball Radius (FB)=0.4 miles
Minimum Survival Distance (MSD)=0.19 miles
--=No Measurable Effect

Note: Decimal places are used to show progression of effects and are not intended to indicate fractional accuracy.



LEGEND FOR WEAPON EFFECTS TABLES
1Thermal Burns Degree of burn an unprotected person would receive.
 
2Thermal Energy-Skin The heat, in calories per square centimeter (Cal/cm2) of skin, which unprotected, medium-dark human skin would receive.
 
3Maximum Blast Wind The speed, in miles per hour, at which the blast wave travels.
 
4Maximum Overpressure The intensity, in pounds per square inch, of crushing overpressure.
 
5Overpressure Arrival The time, in seconds, from detonation to reach various distances from ground zero.
 
6Overpressure Duration The length of time, in seconds, the overpressure will be in effect.
 
7Maximum Dynamic Pressure The drag force, in pounds per square inch on objects at or above the ground surface.
 
8Peak Vert. Displacement The peak surface and residual vertical displacement based on a seismic velocity of 1414 fps.
 
9Peak Horiz. Displacement The peak horizontal displacement = 1/3 of the peak vertical displacement.
 
10Total Neutron Radiation The total dose of neutron radiation in rems. This dose is delivered within 60 seconds of detonation.
 
11Total Fallout Gamma The total dose of gamma radiation in rems from fallout using the DELFIC model.
 
12Total Initial Gamma The total dose of initial gamma radiation.
 
13Fallout Arrival Time The time, in hours, it takes for fallout to arrive at various distances from ground zero with a 15-mph wind.
 
14Fallout Radiation Doses The dose of radiation, in rems/24hr day, during various periods (week 1, week 2, month 2, etc.) following detonation which an unprotected person would receive. These doses are based on no precipitation of any kind. Rain would allow the radioactive fallout particles to leach into the soil and reduce these doses.
 
15Crater Radius
 
16Crater Depth
 
17Maximum Cloud Radius
 
18Maximum Cloud Height
 
19Maximum Fireball Radius (FB)
 
20Minimum Survival Distance (MSD)


Notes:
- Based on weapons which are 50/50 fission/fusion.
- Based on height of burst, optimizing weapon effects, and properly detonating.
- Based on ideal surfaces (flat terrain, no trees, clear atmosphere at sea level, with no wind, and no rain, snow, or fog.)
- Radiation doses would be reduced by half if 12 hours per day are spent in adequate shelter.
- All effects, except for fallout radiation doses, are not related to being upwind or downwind of ground zero.
- All values are rounded to the nearest whole number.
- One week equals 168 hours, one month equals four weeks or 672 hours.


ENDNOTES
1.U.S. Department of Defense and Energy Research and Development Administration, EFFECTS of NUCLEAR WEAPONS, Compiled by Samuel Glasstone and P.J. Dolan, Washington, D.C., 1977, pp. These values are based on figure 12.64 on page 564 using medium skin.
 
 
2.U.S. Department of Defense and Energy Research and Development Administration, EFFECTS of NUCLEAR WEAPONS, Compiled by Samuel Glasstone and P.J. Dolan, Washington, D.C., 1977. Calculated on the Nuclear Bomb Effect Computer.
 
3.U.S. Department of Defense and Energy Research and Development Administration, EFFECTS of NUCLEAR WEAPONS, Compiled by Samuel Glasstone and P.J. Dolan, Washington, D.C., 1977. Calculated on the Nuclear Bomb Effect Computer.
 
4.U.S. Department of Defense and Energy Research and Development Administration, EFFECTS of NUCLEAR WEAPONS, Compiled by Samuel Glasstone and P.J. Dolan, Washington, D.C., 1977. Calculated on the Nuclear Bomb Effect Computer.
 
5.U.S. Department of Defense and Energy Research and Development Administration, EFFECTS of NUCLEAR WEAPONS, Compiled by Samuel Glasstone and P.J. Dolan, Washington, D.C., 1977. Calculated on the Nuclear Bomb Effect Computer.
 
6.U.S. Department of Defense and Energy Research and Development Administration, EFFECTS of NUCLEAR WEAPONS, Compiled by Samuel Glasstone and P.J. Dolan, Washington, D.C., 1977. Calculated on the Nuclear Bomb Effect Computer.
 
7.U.S. Department of Defense and Energy Research and Development Administration, EFFECTS of NUCLEAR WEAPONS, Compiled by Samuel Glasstone and P.J. Dolan, Washington, D.C., 1977. Calculated on the Nuclear Bomb Effect Computer.
 
8.Federal Emergency Management Agency, PROTECTIVE CONSTRUCTION NUCLEAR BLAST RESISTANT DESIGN, TR-20 (VOL. 4). Washington, D.C., March 1985, Chapter 6, pp. 6-15-6-16.
 
9.Federal Emergency Management Agency, PROTECTIVE CONSTRUCTION NUCLEAR BLAST RESISTANT DESIGN, TR-20 (VOL. 4). Washington, D.C., March 1985, Chapter 6, pp. 6-15-6-16.
 
10.U.S. Department of Defense and Energy Research and Development Administration, EFFECTS of NUCLEAR WEAPONS, Compiled by Samuel Glasstone and P.J. Dolan, Washington, D.C., 1977. These values were calulated on the Nuclear Bomb Effect Computer and graphed as smooth curves to prevent errors from logarithmic increments.
 
11.These values were determined by Edward York, using the DNA Weapon Effects Rule WEG-1.pp. 257-261. Prepared for the Defense Nuclear Agency by Horizons Technology Inc. under contract DNA 001 83-C-0004.
 
12.These values were developed by Dr. Joseph McGahan of the Scientific Applications International Corporation. These values are not theoretical. They were derived from the DELFIC model, which is based on actual radioactivity measurements made on site of the nuclear surface burst tests conducted in the United States prior to the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty of 1964.
 
13.U.S. Department of Defense and Energy Research and Development Administration, EFFECTS of NUCLEAR WEAPONS, Compiled by Samuel Glasstone and P.J. Dolan, Washington, D.C., 1977. These values were determined based on section 9.97 on page 430 for a wind speed of 15 mph.
 
14.These values were developed by Dr. Joseph McGahan of the Scientific Applications International Corporation. These values are not theoretical. They were derived from the DELFIC model, which is based on actual radioactivity measurements made on site of the nuclear surface burst tests conducted in the United States prior to the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty of 1964.
 
15.U.S. Department of Defense and Energy Research and Development Administration, EFFECTS of NUCLEAR WEAPONS, Compiled by Samuel Glasstone and P.J. Dolan, Washington, D.C., 1977. Calculated on the Nuclear Bomb Effect Computer.
 
16.U.S. Department of Defense and Energy Research and Development Administration, EFFECTS of NUCLEAR WEAPONS, Compiled by Samuel Glasstone and P.J. Dolan, Washington, D.C., 1977. Calculated on the Nuclear Bomb Effect Computer.
 
17.These values were developed by Dr. Joseph McGahan of the Scientific Appliations International Corporation. They were derived from the DELFIC model which is based on measurements made on site of the nuclear surface burst tests conducted in the United States prior to the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty of 1964.
 
18.U.S. Department of Defense and Energy Research and Development Administration, EFFECTS of NUCLEAR WEAPONS, Compiled by Samuel Glasstone and P.J. Dolan, Washington, D.C., 1977. Cloud heights based on figure 2.16 on page 34.
 
19.U.S. Department of Defense and Energy Research and Development Administration, EFFECTS of NUCLEAR WEAPONS, Compiled by Samuel Glasstone and P.J. Dolan, Washington, D.C., 1977. Calculated on the Nuclear Bomb Effect Computer.
 
20.U.S. Department of Defense and Energy Research and Development Administration, EFFECTS of NUCLEAR WEAPONS, Compiled by Samuel Glasstone and P.J. Dolan, Washington, D.C., 1977. Based on 200 psi and calulated on the Nuclear Bomb Effect Computer. It is possible to survive much closer; however, special materials and engineering must be used.


 



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