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Meta-Analysis
. 2015 Jan 9;1(1):CD002898.
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD002898.pub5.

Antiviral treatment and other therapeutic interventions for herpes simplex virus epithelial keratitis

Kirk R Wilhelmus  1
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Antiviral treatment and other therapeutic interventions for herpes simplex virus epithelial keratitis

Kirk R Wilhelmus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. .

Abstract

Background: Eye disease due to herpes simplex virus (HSV) commonly presents as epithelial keratitis which, though usually self-limiting, may persist or progress without treatment.

Objectives: To compare the relative effectiveness of antiviral agents, interferon, and corneal debridement in the treatment of HSV epithelial keratitis.

Search methods: We searched CENTRAL (which contains the Cochrane Eyes and Vision Group Trials Register) (2014, Issue 12), PubMed (January 1946 to 31 December 2014), EMBASE (January 1980 to 31 December 2014), Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature Database (LILACS) (January 1982 to 31 December 2014), System for Information on Grey Literature in Europe (OpenGrey) (January 1995 to 31 December 2014), BIOSIS (January 1926 to 5 May 2014), Scopus (January 1966 to 31 December 2014), Japan Science and Technology Institute (J-Global) (January 1975 to 31 December 2014), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) (January 1979 to 31 December 2014), British Library's Electronic Table of Contents (Zetoc) (January 1993 to 7 May 2014). We looked for trials listed on the the metaRegister of Controlled Trials (www.controlled-trials.com), ClinicalTrials.gov (www.clinicaltrials.gov), the World Health Organization (WHO) International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) (www.who.int/ictrp/search/en), Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (www.fda.gov/), National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) (www.

Evidence: nhs.uk) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) (www.ema.europa.eu/ema/) as of 31 December 2014. There were no language or date restrictions in the search for trials. We also culled literature digests and conference proceedings as of 15 April 2014. There were no language or date restrictions in the search for trials.

Selection criteria: Randomised and quasi-randomised trials of HSV dendritic or geographic epithelial keratitis were included that reported the proportion of eyes healed at one week, two weeks, or both after enrolment.

Data collection and analysis: We tabulated data on study characteristics, risk of bias, and outcomes and used direct comparisons to estimate a risk ratio (RR) and, when feasible, a hazard ratio (HR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Heterogeneity was assessed by an inconsistency index. A multiple treatment comparison meta-analysis consolidated direct and indirect comparisons of relative healing at 14 days.

Main results: One hundred thirty-seven studies involving 8333 eyes met the inclusion criteria. Placebo-controlled studies were heterogeneous in comparison with idoxuridine (RR 1.74; 95% CI 1.03 to 2.91) and few in number for vidarabine (RR 1.81; 95% CI 1.09 to 3.01), interferon (RR 1.32; 95% CI 1.06 to 1.64), and debridement. Vidarabine (RR 1.13; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.25), trifluridine (RR 1.30; 95% CI 1.18 to 1.43), acyclovir (RR 1.23; 95% CI 1.14 to 1.34), and brivudine (RR 1.34; 95% CI 1.18 to 1.51) were more effective than idoxuridine. Trifluridine (RR 1.17; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.32) and acyclovir (RR 1.11; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.19) were more effective than vidarabine. No significant differences in healing emerged among trifluridine, acyclovir, brivudine, and foscarnet although few studies compared brivudine or foscarnet with other antivirals. Any potential advantage of ganciclovir compared to acyclovir was mitigated by study heterogeneity and possible publication bias. Only one study evaluated the joint use of two topical antivirals. In a limited number of studies, oral acyclovir (RR 0.92; 95% CI 0.79 to 1.07) or the combination of oral acyclovir with a topical antiviral (RR 1.36; 95% CI 0.68 to 2.74) appeared as effective as a single topical antiviral agent. Compared to topical antiviral monotherapy, the combination of an antiviral with either interferon or debridement had inconsistent effects on expediting healing and improving outcome.

Authors' conclusions: Placebo-controlled studies of HSV epithelial keratitis are limited to superseded interventions. Trifluridine and acyclovir are more effective than idoxuridine or vidarabine and similar in therapeutic effectiveness. Brivudine and foscarnet do not substantially differ in effectiveness from trifluridine or acyclovir. Ganciclovir is at least as effective as acyclovir. The addition of interferon to a nucleoside antiviral agent and the combination of debridement with antiviral treatment need to be further assessed to substantiate any possible advantage in healing.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

None known

Figures

1
1
Funnel plot of studies comparing ganciclovir to acyclovir.
2
2

  1. Study flow diagram.

3
3
Networks of clinical trials included in this systematic review. Left diagram shows a network of two‐way comparisons among topical antiviral agents. Not shown in the left diagram are trials evaluating para‐fluorophenylalanine, different trifluridine vehicles, and different ganciclovir concentrations. Right diagram illustrates a network of comparisons between topical antiviral agents and various interventions that included dual antiviral therapy, oral acyclovir, interferon without or with an antiviral, and debridement without or with an antiviral. Not shown in the right diagram are trials evaluating different interferon dosages or types, an interferon inducer, different methods of debridement, debridement with two different antivirals, and miscellaneous agents (hyaluronate, epidermal growth factor, panthenol, methyluracil, oxyphenbutazone, or inosine pranobex). Lines show direct treatment comparisons reporting outcomes at one week or two weeks. Circled numerals indicate the number of direct treatment comparisons that were included in this systematic review. The placebo groups consist of a variety of inactive controls. The number of acyclovir‐idoxuridine (IDU) comparisons includes one trial using iododeoxycytidine (IDC), even though IDC was not pooled with IDU in the meta‐analysis. The number of direct comparisons exceeds the number of studies because 21 studies compared more than two interventions.
4
4
Methodological quality graph: review author's judgements about each methodological quality item presented as percentages across all included studies.
5
5
Cumulative healing data from trials evaluating idoxuridine, vidarabine, trifluridine, acyclovir, or interferon plus an antiviral agent. Antiviral healing curves were blended from 24 studies (Abe 1987; Altinisik 1987; Blake 1977; Colin 1981; Collum 1980; Collum 1985; Coster 1976; Coster 1979; Coster 1980; Denis 1983; Hart 1965; Hoang‐Xuan 1984; Høvding 1989; Jackson 1984; Klauber 1982; Kumar 1987; La Lau 1982; Luntz 1963; Markham 1977; McCulley 1982; van Bijsterveld 1980; Wellings 1972; Yeakley 1981; Young 1982) that reported healing data for idoxuridine (278 eyes), vidarabine (262 eyes), trifluridine (279 eyes), or acyclovir (480 eyes). Corneal healing with combined interferon‐antiviral was estimated from seven studies (Carmassi 1993; Colin 1983; de Koning 1982; de Koning 1983; Meurs 1985; Sundmacher 1981b; van Bijsterveld 1989) that evaluated 196 participants who received interferon with trifluridine (75), acyclovir (102), or brivudine (19). (ACV, acyclovir; ARA, vidarabine; IDU, idoxuridine; IFN+, interferon with an antiviral (trifluridine, acyclovir, or brivudine); TFT, trifluridine).
6
6
Histograms of publication year for included studies and excluded studies. Most of the studies during the late 20th century took place in Europe or North America. An upswing in studies reported since 2005 is due to trials conducted in China.
1.1
1.1. Analysis
Comparison 1 Topical antiviral agents, Outcome 1 Idoxuridine versus inactive control: 7‐day & 14‐day healing.
1.2
1.2. Analysis
Comparison 1 Topical antiviral agents, Outcome 2 Idoxuridine versus inactive control: healing rate.
1.3
1.3. Analysis
Comparison 1 Topical antiviral agents, Outcome 3 Vidarabine versus inactive control: 7‐day & 14‐day healing.
1.4
1.4. Analysis
Comparison 1 Topical antiviral agents, Outcome 4 Vidarabine versus inactive control: healing rate.
1.5
1.5. Analysis
Comparison 1 Topical antiviral agents, Outcome 5 Vidarabine versus idoxuridine: 7‐day & 14‐day healing.
1.6
1.6. Analysis
Comparison 1 Topical antiviral agents, Outcome 6 Vidarabine versus idoxuridine: healing rate.
1.7
1.7. Analysis
Comparison 1 Topical antiviral agents, Outcome 7 para‐Fluorophenylalanine versus idoxuridine: 7‐day & 14‐day healing.
1.8
1.8. Analysis
Comparison 1 Topical antiviral agents, Outcome 8 Trifluridine versus idoxuridine: 7‐day & 14‐day healing.
1.9
1.9. Analysis
Comparison 1 Topical antiviral agents, Outcome 9 Trifluridine versus idoxuridine: healing rate.
1.10
1.10. Analysis
Comparison 1 Topical antiviral agents, Outcome 10 Acyclovir versus idoxuridine: 7‐day & 14‐day healing.
1.11
1.11. Analysis
Comparison 1 Topical antiviral agents, Outcome 11 Acyclovir versus idoxuridine: healing rate.
1.12
1.12. Analysis
Comparison 1 Topical antiviral agents, Outcome 12 Brivudine versus idoxuridine: 7‐day & 14‐day healing.
1.13
1.13. Analysis
Comparison 1 Topical antiviral agents, Outcome 13 Trifluridine versus vidarabine: 7‐day & 14‐day healing.
1.14
1.14. Analysis
Comparison 1 Topical antiviral agents, Outcome 14 Trifluridine versus vidarabine: healing rate.
1.15
1.15. Analysis
Comparison 1 Topical antiviral agents, Outcome 15 Acyclovir versus vidarabine: 7‐day & 14‐day healing.
1.16
1.16. Analysis
Comparison 1 Topical antiviral agents, Outcome 16 Acyclovir versus vidarabine: healing rate.
1.17
1.17. Analysis
Comparison 1 Topical antiviral agents, Outcome 17 Acyclovir versus trifluridine: 7‐day & 14‐day healing.
1.18
1.18. Analysis
Comparison 1 Topical antiviral agents, Outcome 18 Acyclovir versus trifluridine: healing rate.
1.19
1.19. Analysis
Comparison 1 Topical antiviral agents, Outcome 19 Brivudine versus trifluridine: 7‐day & 14‐day healing.
1.20
1.20. Analysis
Comparison 1 Topical antiviral agents, Outcome 20 Brivudine versus trifluridine: healing rate.
1.21
1.21. Analysis
Comparison 1 Topical antiviral agents, Outcome 21 Brivudine versus acyclovir: 7‐day & 14‐day healing.
1.22
1.22. Analysis
Comparison 1 Topical antiviral agents, Outcome 22 Ganciclovir versus acyclovir: 7‐day & 14‐day healing.
1.23
1.23. Analysis
Comparison 1 Topical antiviral agents, Outcome 23 Foscarnet versus trifluridine: 7‐day & 14‐day healing.
1.24
1.24. Analysis
Comparison 1 Topical antiviral agents, Outcome 24 Foscarnet versus acyclovir: 14‐day healing.
1.25
1.25. Analysis
Comparison 1 Topical antiviral agents, Outcome 25 Foscarnet versus ganciclovir: 7‐day & 14‐day healing.
1.26
1.26. Analysis
Comparison 1 Topical antiviral agents, Outcome 26 Acyclovir/vidarabine versus acyclovir: 7‐day & 14‐day healing.
1.27
1.27. Analysis
Comparison 1 Topical antiviral agents, Outcome 27 Trifluridine (aqueous) versus trifluridine (viscous).
1.28
1.28. Analysis
Comparison 1 Topical antiviral agents, Outcome 28 Ganciclovir 0.15% gel versus ganciclovir 0.05% gel or 0.1% solution.
2.1
2.1. Analysis
Comparison 2 Oral antiviral agents, Outcome 1 Oral antiviral versus topical antiviral.
2.2
2.2. Analysis
Comparison 2 Oral antiviral agents, Outcome 2 Oral/topical antivirals versus topical antiviral.
3.1
3.1. Analysis
Comparison 3 Interferon, Outcome 1 Interferon versus inactive control, without or with debridement.
3.2
3.2. Analysis
Comparison 3 Interferon, Outcome 2 Interferon dosages.
3.3
3.3. Analysis
Comparison 3 Interferon, Outcome 3 Interferon‐α with debridement versus interferon‐β with debridement.
3.4
3.4. Analysis
Comparison 3 Interferon, Outcome 4 Natural interferon‐α with trifluridine versus recombinant interferon‐α with trifluridine.
3.5
3.5. Analysis
Comparison 3 Interferon, Outcome 5 Interferon versus nucleoside antiviral.
3.6
3.6. Analysis
Comparison 3 Interferon, Outcome 6 Interferon inducer versus nucleoside antiviral.
3.7
3.7. Analysis
Comparison 3 Interferon, Outcome 7 Interferon/nucleoside antiviral versus nucleoside antiviral: 7‐day & 14‐day healing.
3.8
3.8. Analysis
Comparison 3 Interferon, Outcome 8 Interferon/nucleoside antiviral versus nucleoside antiviral: healing rate.
4.1
4.1. Analysis
Comparison 4 Debridement, Outcome 1 Debridement versus control.
4.2
4.2. Analysis
Comparison 4 Debridement, Outcome 2 Topical antiviral agent versus debridement.
4.3
4.3. Analysis
Comparison 4 Debridement, Outcome 3 Different debridement methods.
4.4
4.4. Analysis
Comparison 4 Debridement, Outcome 4 Debridement with antiviral or interferon versus debridement.
4.5
4.5. Analysis
Comparison 4 Debridement, Outcome 5 Debridement with different antivirals.
4.6
4.6. Analysis
Comparison 4 Debridement, Outcome 6 Debridement with antiviral versus antiviral: 7‐day & 14‐day healing.
4.7
4.7. Analysis
Comparison 4 Debridement, Outcome 7 Debridement with antiviral versus antiviral: healing rate.
5.1
5.1. Analysis
Comparison 5 Adjunctive and alternative agents: lubricant, growth factor, nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug, immunomodulator, Outcome 1 Antiviral/lubricant versus antiviral.
5.2
5.2. Analysis
Comparison 5 Adjunctive and alternative agents: lubricant, growth factor, nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug, immunomodulator, Outcome 2 Antiviral/epidermal growth factor versus antiviral.
5.3
5.3. Analysis
Comparison 5 Adjunctive and alternative agents: lubricant, growth factor, nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug, immunomodulator, Outcome 3 Panthenol versus para‐fluorophenylalanine, with debridement.
5.4
5.4. Analysis
Comparison 5 Adjunctive and alternative agents: lubricant, growth factor, nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug, immunomodulator, Outcome 4 Interferon/methyl uracil versus interferon.
5.5
5.5. Analysis
Comparison 5 Adjunctive and alternative agents: lubricant, growth factor, nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug, immunomodulator, Outcome 5 Antiviral/oxyphenbutazone versus antiviral.
5.6
5.6. Analysis
Comparison 5 Adjunctive and alternative agents: lubricant, growth factor, nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug, immunomodulator, Outcome 6 Oral inosine pranobex versus inactive control, with or without antiviral.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Update of

Comment in

References

References to studies included in this review

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Carmassi 1993 {published data only}
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Cellini 1994 {published data only}
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Colin 1983 {published data only}
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    1. Colin J, Chastel C, Renard G, Cantell K. Combination therapy for dendritic keratitis with human leukocyte interferon and acyclovir. American Journal of Ophthalmology 1983;95:346‐8. - PubMed
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    1. Colin J, Chastel C, Renard G, Cantell K. Ocular herpes: synergistic antiviral activity of acyclovir and human leukocyte interferon [Herpès oculaire: activité antivirale synergique de l'acyclovir et de l'interféron leucocytaire humain]. La Nouvelle Presse Médicale 1982;11:2783.
Colin 1984 {published data only}
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Colin 1987 {published data only}
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Colin 1997a {published data only}
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Colin 1997b {published data only}
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Colin 2007a {published data only}
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Colin 2007b {published data only}
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Collum 1986 {published data only}
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Coster 1976 {published data only}
    1. Coster DJ, McKinnon JR, McGill JI, Jones BR, Fraunfelder FT. Clinical evaluation of adenine arabinoside and trifluorothymidine in the treatment of corneal ulcers caused by herpes simplex virus. Journal of Infectious Diseases 1976;133 Suppl:A173‐7. - PubMed
    1. Jones BR, McGill JI, McKinnon JR, Holt‐Wilson AD, Williams HP. Preliminary experience with adenine arabinoside in comparison with idoxuridine and trifluorothymidine in the management of herpetic keratitis. In: Pavan‐Langston D, Buchanan RA, Alford CA Jr editor(s). Adenine‐Arabinoside: An Antiviral Agent. New York: Raven Press, 1975:411‐6.
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Coster 1977a {published data only}
    1. Coster DJ, Falcon MG, Cantell K, Jones BR. Clinical experience of human leucocyte interferon in the management of herpetic keratitis. Transactions of the Ophthalmological Societies of the United Kingdom 1977;97:327‐9. - PubMed
    1. Jones BR, Coster DJ, Falcon MG, Cantell K. Clinical trials of topical interferon therapy of ulcerative viral keratitis. Journal of Infectious Diseases 1976;133 Suppl:A169‐72. - PubMed
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Coster 1979 {published data only}
    1. Coster DJ, Jones BR, McGill JI. Treatment of amoeboid herpetic ulcers with adenine arabinoside or trifluorothymidine. British Journal of Ophthalmology 1979;63:418‐21. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Coster DJ, McKinnon JR, McGill JI, Jones BR, Fraunfelder FT. Clinical evaluation of adenine arabinoside and trifluorothymidine in the treatment of corneal ulcers caused by herpes simplex virus. Journal of Infectious Diseases 1976;133 Suppl:A173‐7. - PubMed
Coster 1980 {published data only}
    1. Coster DJ, Wilhelmus KR, Michaud R, Jones BR. A comparison of acyclovir and idoxuridine as treatment for ulcerative herpetic keratitis. British Journal of Ophthalmology 1980;64:763‐5. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Jones BR, Coster DJ, Michaud R, Wilhelmus KR. Acyclovir (Zovirax) in the management of herpetic keratitis. In: Sundmacher R editor(s). Herpetische Augenerkrankungen. München: JF Bergmann, 1981:295‐301.
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Dai 2009a {published data only}
    1. Dai X, Huang HH, Hu XJ, Liu Q, Liu ZR. Use of ganciclovir for herpes simplex virus keratitis [更昔洛韦滴眼液在单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎中的应用]. Strait Pharmaceutical Journal [Haixia Yaoxue] 2009;21(10):145.
Dai 2009b {published data only}
    1. Dai ZX, Zhang H, Lin MY, Liang XY. Clinical observation of treatment of epithelial herpes simplex virus keratitis by ganciclovir ophthalmic gel [更昔洛韦眼用凝胶治疗上皮型单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎临床疗效观察]. Asia‐Pacific Traditional Medicine [Yatai Chuantong Yiyao] 2009;5(7):100‐1.
Daniel 1972 {published data only}
    1. Daniel R, Karseras A. Assessment of possible potentiating action of ultraviolet light on 5 iodo‐2' deoxyuridine in superficial herpetic keratitis. British Journal of Ophthalmology 1972;56:604‐8. - PMC - PubMed
Davidson 1964 {published data only}
    1. Davidson SI, Jameson Evans P. IDU and the treatment of herpes simplex keratitis. British Journal of Ophthalmology 1964;48:678‐83. - PMC - PubMed
de Koning 1982 {published data only}
    1. Koning EWJ, Bijsterveld OP, Cantell K. Combination interferon‐trifluorothymidine in the treatment of herpetic keratitis [La combinaison interféron‐trifluorothymidine dans le traitement des kératites herpétiques]. Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société Française d'Ophtalmologie 1982;94:130‐2. - PubMed
    1. Koning EWJ, Bijsterveld OP, Cantell K. Combination therapy for dendritic keratitis with human leucocyte interferon and trifluorothymidine. British Journal of Ophthalmology 1982;66:509‐12. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Koning EWJ, Bijsterveld OP, Cantell K. Human leukocyte interferon and trifluorothymidine versus albumin placebo and trifluorothymidine in the treatment of dendritic keratitis. In: Maeyer E, Galasso G, Schellekens H editor(s). The Biology of the Interferon System. Amsterdam: Elsevier/North‐Holland Biomed Press, 1981:351‐4.
de Koning 1983 {published data only}
    1. Koning EWJ, Bijsterveld OP, Cantell K. Combination therapy for dendritic keratitis with acyclovir and α‐interferon. Archives of Ophthalmology 1983;101:1866‐8. - PubMed
Denis 1983 {published data only}
    1. Denis J, Thenault‐Giono S, Ray‐Cohen M‐L, Tournoux A, Pouliquen Y. Double‐blind treatment of ocular herpes simplex: Vira‐A and acyclovir [Traitement de l'herpès oculaire en double insu: Vira‐A et acyclovir]. Bulletin des Sociétés d'Ophtalmologie de France 1983;83:25‐9. - PubMed
Fu 2012 {published data only}
    1. Fu JY. Clinical research of ganciclovir ophthalmic gel in combination with interferon treatment for herpes simplex virus keratitis [更昔洛韦眼用凝胶联合干扰素治疗单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎临床研究]. Strait Pharmaceutical Journal [Haixia Yaoxue] 2012;19(6):174‐5.
Fulhorst 1972 {published data only}
    1. Fulhorst HW, Richards AB, Bowbyes J, Jones BR. Cryotherapy of epithelial herpes simplex keratitis. American Journal of Ophthalmology 1972;73:46‐51. - PubMed
Genée 1987 {published data only}
    1. Genée E, Maith J. Comparison of the effectiveness of acyclovir and vidarabine in superficial herpes keratitis [Wirksamkeitsvergleich von Aciclovir und Vidarabin bei oberflächlichen Herpeskeratitiden]. Klinische Monatsblätter für Augenheilkunde 1987;191:30‐2. - PubMed
Graupner 1966 {published data only}
    1. Graupner K, Müller F. On the treatment of dendritic keratitis with para‐fluorophenylalanine (Preliminary report) [Zur Behandlung der Keratitis dendritica mit para‐Fluorphenylalanin (Vorlaufige Mitteilung)]. Albrecht von Graefes Archiv für Klinische und Experimentelle Ophthalmologie 1966;171:103‐4. - PubMed
Graupner 1968 {published data only}
    1. Graupner K, Klein S, Müller F. Treatment of dendritic keratitis [Die Behandlung der Keratitis dendritica]. Advances in Ophthalmology 1969;21:113‐31. - PubMed
    1. Graupner K, Klein S, Müller F. Treatment of dendritic keratitis [Die Behandlung der Keratitis dendritica]. Bibliotheca Ophthalmologica 1969;80:113‐31. - PubMed
    1. Graupner K, Müller F. On the treatment of dendritic keratitis with para‐fluorophenylalanine [Zur Behandlung der Keratitis dendritica mit para‐Fluorophenylalanin]. Albrecht von Graefes Archiv für Klinische und Experimentelle Ophthalmologie 1968;174:231‐5. - PubMed
Graupner 1969 {published and unpublished data}
    1. Graupner K, Klein S, Müller F. Studies on the effectiveness of non‐specific and virostatic treatment of dendritic keratitis with special reference to the combination of 5‐iodo‐2‐deoxyuridine and para‐fluorophenylalanine [Untersuchungen über die Wirksamkeit unspezifischer und virostatischer Behandlung der Keratitis dendritica unter besonderer Berucksichtigung der Kombination von 5‐Jod‐2‐deoxyuridin und para‐Flurophenylalanin]. Albrecht von Graefes Archiv für Klinische und Experimentelle Ophthalmologie 1969;177:89‐96. - PubMed
Guerra 1979 {published data only}
    1. Guerra R, Frezzotti R, Bonanni R, Dianzani F, Rita G. A preliminary study on treatment of human herpes simplex keratitis with an interferon inducer. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1970;173:823‐30.
    1. Guerra R, Frezzotti R, Bonanni R, Rita G, Dianzani F. Possibilities of treatment of human herpetic keratitis with an inducer of the interferon system [Possibilita di trattamento della cheratite erpetica umana con un induttore del sistema interferone]. Atti dell Accademia Dei Fisiocritici in Siena 1968;17:1513‐7. - PubMed
    1. Guerra R, Frezzotti R, Caporossi A, Speri A, Russi M, Bargigli V. Clinical appraisal of the therapeutic effectiveness of an interferon inducer in human herpetic keratitis [Una sperimentazione clinica sull'efficacia terapeutica di un induttore di interferone nella cheratite erpetica umana]. Minerva Oftalmologica 1979;21:97‐100.
    1. Guerra R, Galin MA, Frezzotti R. Interferon and viral infections of man. Texas Reports on Biology and Medicine 1981‐1982;41:555‐8. - PubMed
    1. Guerra R, Galin MA, Frezzotti R. Use of interferon in eye infections of man. Texas Reports on Biology and Medicine 1977;35:497‐500. - PubMed
Han 2010 {published data only}
    1. Han K. Clinical observation of ganciclovir ophthalmic gel in combination with interferon treatment of herpes simplex virus keratitis [更昔洛韦眼用凝胶联合干扰素治疗单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎的临床观察]. World Health Digest [Zhongguo Qi Kan Wang] 2010;19(7):148‐9.
Han 2014 {published data only}
    1. Han P. Ganciclovir in combination with Beifushu (recombinant‐bFGF) in treatment of herpes simplex keratitis [更昔洛韦滴眼液联合贝复舒治疗单疱病毒性角膜炎疗效分析]. Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University [Shandong Daxue Er Bi Hou Yan Xuebao] 2014;28(3):73‐4.
Hart 1965 {published data only}
    1. Brightman VJF, Hart DRL, Porter GTJ, Readshaw GG, Tully MJ. A controlled study of the effectiveness of IDU in the treatment of human herpes simplex keratitis. Transactions of the Asia‐Pacific Academy of Ophthalmology 1965;2:152‐9.
    1. Hart DRL, Brightman VJF, Readshaw GG, Porter GTJ, Tully MJ. Treatment of human herpes simplex keratitis with idoxuridine. A sequential double‐blind controlled study. Archives of Ophthalmology 1965;73:623‐34. - PubMed
Haut 1983 {published data only}
    1. Haut J, Debrat G, Moulin F, Monin C, Sarnikovski C. Double‐blind clinical trial of isoprinosine and placebo in herpetic keratitis [Essai clinique en double insue de l'isoprinosine contre placebo dans la kératite herpétique]. Bulletin des Sociétés d'Ophtalmologie de France 1983;83:617‐20. - PubMed
HEDS Group 1997 {published and unpublished data}
    1. Herpetic Eye Disease Study Group. A controlled trial of oral acyclovir for the prevention of stromal keratitis or iritis in patients with herpes simplex virus epithelial keratitis. Archives of Ophthalmology 1997;115:703‐12. - PubMed
Hoang‐Xuan 1984 {published data only}
    1. Hoang‐Xuan T, Denis J, Renard G, Pouliquen Y. Comparative study of the effect of trifluorothymidine and acyclovir in herpetic anterior segmentitis [Étude comparative de l'action de la TFT et de l'aciclovir sur la segmentite antérieure herpétique]. Bulletin des Sociétés d'Ophtalmologie de France 1983;83:31‐5. - PubMed
    1. Hoang‐Xuan T, Frot P, Denis J, Pouliquen Y. Acyclovir and trifluorothymidine in herpetic kerato‐uveitis. A comparative clinical study. Indications for corticoid therapy [Aciclovir et trifluorothymidine dans la kérato‐uvéite herpétique. Une étude comparative en clinique humaine. Indications de la corticothérapie]. Journal Français d'Ophtalmologie 1984;7:125‐31. - PubMed
Huang 2008a {published data only}
    1. Gao N, Huang T. Ganciclovir ophthalmic gel for herpes simplex keratitis and tear film stability [更昔洛韦眼用凝胶对单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎角膜上皮及泪膜稳定性的影响]. Recent Advances in Ophthalmology [Yanke Xin Jinzhan] 2008;29(10):775‐7.
    1. Huang T, Gao N, Wang YJ. Observation of efficacy of ganciclovir gel in treatment of epithelial herpes simplex keratitis [更昔洛韦眼用凝胶治疗上皮型单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎的疗效观察]. Recent Advances in Ophthalmology [Yanke Xin Jinzhan] 2008;29(4):297‐9.
Hung 1984 {published data only}
    1. Hung SO, Patterson A, Clark DI, Rees PJ. Oral acyclovir in the management of dendritic herpetic corneal ulceration. British Journal of Ophthalmology 1984;68:398‐400. - PMC - PubMed
Høvding 1989 {published data only}
    1. Høvding G. A comparison between acyclovir and trifluorothymidine ophthalmic ointment in the treatment of epithelial dendritic keratitis. A double blind, randomized parallel group trial. Acta Ophthalmologica 1989;67:51‐4. - PubMed
Jackson 1984 {published data only}
    1. Jackson WB, Breslin CW, Lorenzetti DWC, Michaud R, Dubé I. Treatment of herpes simplex keratitis: comparison of acyclovir and vidarabine. Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology 1984;19:107‐11. - PubMed
Jensen 1982 {published data only}
    1. Jensen KB, Nissen SH, Jessen F. Acyclovir in the treatment of herpetic keratitis. Acta Ophthalmologica 1982;60:557‐63. - PubMed
Jepson 1964 {published data only}
    1. Jepson CN. Treatment of herpes simplex of the cornea with IDU. A double‐blind study. American Journal of Ophthalmology 1964;57:213‐7. - PubMed
Kato 1979 {published data only}
    1. Kato F, Ohno S, Matsuda H. Treatment of epithelial herpes simplex keratitis with simple debridement [角膜単純 療過迂による上皮性角ヘルペスヘルペスの治治療の試み]. Japanese Review of Clinical Ophthalmology [Ganka Rinsho Iho] 1979;33(9):1241‐4.
Kitano 1983 {published data only}
    1. Kitano S. Clinical trials of interferon in ophthalmology [眼​科​に​お​け​る​イ​ン​タ​ー​フ​ェ​ロ​ン​の​臨​床​]. Cancer and Chemotherapy [Gan To Kagaku Ryoho] 1984;11(2):212‐20. - PubMed
    1. Kitano S. Clinical trials of interferon in ophthalmology [眼​科​に​お​け​る​イ​ン​タ​ー​フ​ェ​ロ​ン​の​臨​床​]. Japanese Journal of Cancer and Chemotherapy [Gan To Kagaku Ryoho] 1984;11(2):212‐20. - PubMed
    1. Kitano S, Yamanishi M, Matsuda H, Hyoudo T, Aoki K. Clinical results of topical human fibroblast interferon for herpetic keratitis: comparison with IDU eyedrops [ヘ​ル​ペ​ス​性​角​膜​炎​に​対​す​る​ヒ​ト​線​維​芽​細​胞​イ​ン​タ​ー​フ​ェ​ロ​ン​点​眼​の​臨​床​成​績​－​I​D​U​点​眼​剤​と​の​比​較​試​験​]. Japanese Review of Clinical Ophthalmology [Ganka Rinsho Iho] 1983;77(11):1777‐86.
Kitano 1985 {published data only}
    1. Kitano S. Efficacy of acyclovir in dendritic keratitis: a double‐blind comparative study with IDU [樹​枝​状​角​膜​炎​に​対​す​る​A​c​y​c​l​o​v​i​r​の​効​果​ ​ ​二​重​盲​検​法​に​よ​る​I​D​U​と​の​比​較​]. Therapeutic Research [Serapyuttiku Risachi] 1985;2(4):643‐7.
    1. Kitano S, Yamanishi M, Shudo M, Uchida Y, Kaneko M, Tanaka N, et al. A double‐blind comparative study of acyclovir (ACV) and IDU ophthalmic ointment in the treatment of herpes simplex keratitis [ア​シ​ク​ロ​ビ​ル​(​A​C​V​)​と​I​D​U​眼​軟​こ​う​と​の​単​純​ヘ​ル​ペ​ス​性​角​膜​炎​に​対​す​る​治​療​効​果​の​二​重​盲​検​法​に​よ​る​比​較​検​討​]. Japanese Review of Clinical Ophthalmology [Ganka Rinsho Iho] 1983;77(8):1273‐80.
Klauber 1982 {published data only}
    1. Klauber A, Ottovay E. Acyclovir and idoxuridine treatment of herpes simplex keratitis—a double blind clinical study. Acta Ophthalmologica 1982;60:838‐44. - PubMed
Kumar 1987 {published data only}
    1. Kumar S, Singh TP, Satsangi SK, Bist HK. Comparative study of acyclovir and 5 I.D.U. in the management of viral corneal ulcer. Indian Journal of Ophthalmology 1987;35:139‐42. - PubMed
Laibson 1964 {published data only}
    1. Laibson PR, Leopold IH. An evaluation of double‐blind IDU therapy in 100 cases of herpetic keratitis. Transactions of the American Academy of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology 1964;68:22‐34. - PubMed
Laibson 1977 {published data only}
    1. Laibson PR, Arentsen JJ, Mazzanti WD, Eiferman RA. Double controlled comparison of IDU and trifluorothymidine in thirty‐three patients with superficial herpetic keratitis. Transactions of the American Ophthalmological Society 1977;75:316‐24. - PMC - PubMed
La Lau 1982 {published data only}
    1. Lau C, Oosterhuis JA, Rij G, Benardel de Lavalette JGC, Craandijk A, Lamers WR, et al. Double‐blind study of aciclovir and trifluorothymidine ointment in the treatment of dendritic or geographic herpes simplex [Dubbelblind onderzoek van aciclovir‐ en trifluorthymidinezalf bij de behandeling van herpes simplex dendritica of geografica]. Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde 1980;124:2204.
    1. Lau C, Oosterhuis JA, Versteeg J, Rij G, Renardel de Lavalette JGC, Craandijk A, et al. Aciclovir and trifluorothymidine in herpetic keratitis. Preliminary report of a multicentered trial. Documenta Ophthalmologica 1981;50:287‐90. - PubMed
    1. Lau C, Oosterhuis JA, Versteeg J, Rij G, Renardel de Lavalette JGC, Craandijk A, et al. Acyclovir and trifluorothymidine in herpetic keratitis: a multicentre trial. British Journal of Ophthalmology 1982;66(8):506‐8. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Lau C, Oosterhuis JA, Versteeg J, Rij G, Renardel de Lavalette JGC, Craandijk A, et al. Multicenter trial of acyclovir and trifluorothymidine in herpetic keratitis. American Journal of Medicine 1982;73(1):305‐6. - PubMed
    1. Lau C, Oosterhuis JA, Rij G, Renardel de Lavalette JGC, Craandijk A, Lamers WR, et al. Double‐blind study of aciclovir and trifluorothymidine ointment in the treatment of dendritic or geographic herpes simplex. Ophthalmologica 1980;181:293.
Li 2008 {published data only}
    1. Li Y, Yan JF, Zhang Q, Huang DL, Liu Y. Treatment of relapsing herpes simplex keratitis with ganciclovir ophthalmic gel [更昔洛韦眼用凝胶治疗复发性单纯疱疹性角膜炎的临床研究]. Medical Journal of the Chinese People's Armed Police Forces [Wujing Yixue] 2008;19(3):232‐4.
Li 2009 {published data only}
    1. Li GX, Sun AP. Interferon combined with antiviral drug for herpes simplex viral keratitis [干扰素联合抗病毒药物治疗单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎]. Recent Advances in Ophthalmology [Yanke Xinjinzhan] 2009;29(9):703‐4.
Li 2013a {published data only}
    1. Li JP, Zhou PH, Guo XY. Observation on the effect of ganciclovir ophthalmic gel in the treatment of herpes simplex virus keratitis [更昔洛韦眼用凝胶在单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎中应用的效果观察]. Clinical Medicine and Engineering [Linchuang Yixue Gongcheng] 2013;20(3):306‐7.
Li 2013b {published data only}
    1. Li L, Zhou H, Wang P. Clinical effects of the combination of recombinant human interferon and ganciclovir in the treatment of herpes simplex keratitis [重组人干扰素联合更昔洛韦治疗单纯疤疹病毒性角膜炎的效果观察]. China Medical Herald [Zhongguo Yiyao Daobao] 2013;10(10):77‐81.
Lin 2011 {published data only}
    1. Lin TF, Xue SY, Zhuo WY, Shi CC. Efficacy of ganciclovir ophthalmic gel and acyclovir eye drops in the treatment of herpes simplex viral keratitis [更昔洛韦眼用凝胶和阿昔洛韦滴眼液治疗单疱性病毒性角膜炎的疗效比较]. China Pharmaceuticals [Zhongguo Yaoye] 2011;17(13):53‐4.
Lin 2014 {published data only}
    1. Lin HB, Zhuo X, He AQ. Efficacy of treatment with ganciclovir and acyclovir for herpes simplex keratitis [更昔洛韦与阿昔洛韦治疗单纯疱疹性角膜炎的疗效观察]. Hainan Medical Journal [Hainan Yixue] 2014;25(1):96‐8.
Liu 2009a {published data only (unpublished sought but not used)}
    1. Liu L, Wang LQ. Clinical observation of ganciclovir ophthalmic gel in the treatment of herpes simplex keratitis [更昔洛韦眼用凝胶治疗单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎的临床观察]. Chinese Journal of Drug Application and Monitoring [Zhongguo Yaowu Yingyong Yu Jiance] 2009;6(1):1‐3.
Liu 2010 {published data only}
    1. Liu YZ. Clinical efficacy of ganciclovir gel in the treatment of herpes simplex virus keratitis [更昔洛韦凝胶治疗单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎的临床疗效观察]. Journal of Medical Forum [Yiyao Luntan Zazhi] 2010;18(15):161‐2.
Liu 2011 {published data only}
    1. Liu J. Effect of sodium hyaluronate eye drops on epithelial healing of herpes simplex virus keratitis [透明质酸钠滴眼液对单纯疱疹病毒角膜炎上皮愈合的影响]. Journal of Hauihai Medicine [Huaihai Yiyao] 2011;29(6):522‐3.
Liu 2012a {published data only}
    1. Liu LJ. Clinical efficacy of ganciclovir ophthalmic gel for herpes simplex keratitis [更昔洛韦眼凝胶对单纯疱疹性角膜炎的临床疗效观察]. China Health Care and Nutrition [Zhongguo Bao Jian Ying Yang] 2012;22(8):2819‐20.
Liu 2012b {published data only}
    1. Liu L, Zhong RY, Yu L. The efficacy and safety of ganciclovir ophthalmic gel and acyclovir eye drops in the treatment of herpes simplex viral keratitis [更昔洛韦眼用凝胶和阿昔洛韦滴眼液治疗单疱性病毒性角膜炎的疗效及安全性]. Chinese Community Doctors [Zhongguo Shequ Yishi] 2012;9(20):175‐6.
Liu 2014a {published data only}
    1. Liu J, Jin ZT, Sun L. Curative effect of ganciclovir ophthalmic gel on herpes simplex keratitis [更昔洛韦眼用凝胶治疗单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎的疗效观察]. Chinese Journal of Pharmacoepidemiology [Zhongguo Difangbing Xue Zazhi] 2014;23(2):80‐2.
Luntz 1963 {published data only}
    1. Luntz MH, MacCallum FO. Treatment of herpes keratitis. Lancet 1963;1:830‐1. - PubMed
    1. Luntz MH, MacCallum FO. Treatment of herpes simplex keratitis with 5‐iodo‐2'‐deoxyuridine. British Journal of Ophthalmology 1963;47:449‐56. - PMC - PubMed
MacKenzie 1964 {published data only}
    1. MacKenzie AD. A comparison of IDU solution, IDU ointment, and carbolization in the treatment of dendritic corneal ulcer. British Journal of Ophthalmology 1964;48:274‐6. - PMC - PubMed
Maichuk 1980 {published data only}
    1. Maichuk YF. Interferon and interferon inducers in the treatment of herpesvirus and adenovirus eye diseases. Revue Internationale du Trachome et de Pathologie Oculaire Tropicale et Subtropicale 1980;57(2‐3):61‐9. - PubMed
Maichuk 1988 {published data only}
    1. Maichuk YF, Kazachenko MA. Acyclovir and acyclovir in combination with interferon in the treatment of ophthalmic herpes [Ацикловир и ацикловир в cочeтании с интерфероном в лечении глазной офтальмогерпеса]. Oftalmologicheskii Zhurnal 1988;43(7):402‐5. - PubMed
Markham 1977 {published data only}
    1. Markham RHC, Carter C, Scobie MA, Metcalf C, Easty DL. Double‐blind clinical trial of adenine arabinoside and idoxuridine in herpetic corneal ulcers. Transactions of the Ophthalmological Societies of the United Kingdom 1977;97:333‐40. - PubMed
    1. Markham RHC, Easty DL, Carter C, Scobie MA, Metcalf C. The effect of adenine arabinoside in ulcerative herpetic keratitis. In: Silverstein AM, O'Connor AM editor(s). Immunology and Immunopathology of the Eye. New York: Masson, 1979:269‐75.
Matthäus 1970 {published data only}
    1. Matthäus W, Klein S, Graupner K, Dietze H. Comparative studies on the effect of cryotherapy and iodization in combination with unspecific and virostatic after‐treatment in dendritic keratitis [Vergleichende Untersuchungen über die Wirksamkeit der Kalteapplikation und der Jod‐Abrasio in Kombination mit unspezifischer und virostatischer Nachlehandlung bei der Keratitis dendritica]. Ophthalmologica 1970;161:484‐90. - PubMed
McCulley 1982 {published data only}
    1. McCulley JP, Binder PS, Kaufman HE, O'Day DM, Poirier RH. A double‐blind, multicenter clinical trial of acyclovir vs idoxuridine for treatment of epithelial herpes simplex keratitis. Ophthalmology 1982;89:1195‐200. - PubMed
McGill 1974 {published data only}
    1. McGill J, Holt‐Wilson AD, McKinnon JR, Williams HP, Jones BR. Some aspects of the clinical use of trifluorothymidine in the treatment of herpetic ulceration of the cornea. Transactions of the Ophthalmological Societies of the United Kingdom 1974;94:342‐52. - PubMed
Meurs 1985 {published data only}
    1. Meurs PJ, Bijsterveld OP. Acyclovir and recombinant human alpha 2 arg interferon treatment for dendritic keratitis. In: Maudgal PC, Missotten L editor(s). Herpetic Eye Diseases. Dordrecht: Dr W Junk Publishers, 1985:367‐76.
    1. Meurs PJ, Bijsterveld OP. Berofor® alpha 2 (r‐HUIFN‐alpha 2 arg) and acyclovir in the treatment of dendritic keratitis [Berofor® alpha 2 (r‐Hu IFN‐alpha 2 arg) und Aciclovir in der Behandlung der Herpes‐Keratitis‐dendritica]. Klinische Monatsblätter für Augenheilkunde 1985;187:40‐2. - PubMed
    1. Meurs PJ, Bijsterveld OP. Combination therapy of recombinant human alpha 2 interferon and acyclovir in the treatment of herpes simplex keratitis. Antiviral Research 1985;5 Suppl 1:225‐8. - PubMed
    1. Meurs PJ, Bijsterveld OP. Combination therapy of recombinant human interferon and acyclovir in the treatment of herpetic keratitis [La combinaison interféron récombinante humain et acyclovir dans le traitement des kératites herpétiques]. Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société Française d'Ophtalmologie 1986;97:434‐6.
Norn 1973 {published data only}
    1. Norn MS. Oxyphenbutazonum (Tanderil®) as an adjuvant in treatment of dendritic keratitis. Double‐blind trial using fluorescein‐rose bengal vital staining. Acta Ophthalmologica 1973;51:591‐8. - PubMed
O'Day 1975 {published data only}
    1. O'Day DM, Jones BR, Poirier R, Pilley S, Chisholm I, Steele A, et al. Proflavine photodynamic viral inactivation in herpes simplex keratitis. American Journal of Ophthalmology 1975;79:941‐8. - PubMed
Panda 1995 {published and unpublished data}
    1. Panda A, Das GK, Khokhar S, Rao V. Efficacy of four antiviral agents in the treatment of uncomplicated herpetic keratitis. Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology 1995;30:256‐8. - PubMed
Parlato 1985 {published data only}
    1. Parlato CJ, Cohen EJ, Sakauye CM, Dreizen NG, Galentine PG, Laibson PR. Role of debridement and trifluridine trifluorothymidine in herpes simplex dendritic keratitis. Archives of Ophthalmology 1985;103:673‐5. - PubMed
Patterson 1963a {published data only}
    1. Patterson A, Fox AD, Davies G, Maguire C, Holmes Sellers PJ, Wright P, et al. Controlled studies of IDU in the treatment of herpetic keratitis. Transactions of the Ophthalmological Societies of the United Kingdom 1963;83:583‐91. - PubMed
Patterson 1963b {published data only}
    1. Patterson A, Fox AD, Davies G, Maguire C, Holmes Sellers PJ, Wright P, et al. Controlled studies of IDU in the treatment of herpetic keratitis. Transactions of the Ophthalmological Societies of the United Kingdom 1963;83:583‐91. - PubMed
Patterson 1963c {published data only}
    1. Patterson A, Fox AD, Davies G, Maguire C, Holmes Sellers PJ, Wright P, et al. Controlled studies of IDU in the treatment of herpetic keratitis. Transactions of the Ophthalmological Societies of the United Kingdom 1963;83:583‐91. - PubMed
Patterson 1967a {published data only}
    1. Patterson A, Jones BR. The management of ocular herpes. Transactions of the Ophthalmological Societies of the United Kingdom 1967;87:59‐84. - PubMed
Patterson 1967b {published data only}
    1. Jones BR. Prospects in treating viral disease of the eye. Transactions of the Ophthalmological Societies of the United Kingdom 1967;87:537‐79. - PubMed
    1. Patterson A, Jones BR. The management of ocular herpes. Transactions of the Ophthalmological Societies of the United Kingdom 1967;87:59‐84. - PubMed
Pavan‐Langston 1976 {published data only}
    1. Buchanan RA. Advances in antiviral chemotherapy. Canadian Medical Association Journal 1979;120(1):7‐10. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Chin GN. Treatment of herpes simplex keratitis with a new antiviral agent‐‐vidarabine (Vira‐A). Journal of the Kentucky Medical Association 1977;75(7):322‐4. - PubMed
    1. Chin GN. Treatment of herpes simplex keratitis with idoxuridine and vidarabine: a double‐blind study. Annals of Ophthalmology 1978;10:1171‐4. - PubMed
    1. Dresner AJ, Seamans ML. Evidence of the safety and efficacy of adenine arabinoside in the treatment of herpes simplex epithelial keratitis. In: Pavan‐Langston R, Buchanan RA, Alford CA, Jr editor(s). Adenine‐Arabinoside: An Antiviral Agent. New York: Raven Press, 1975:381‐92.
    1. Hyndiuk RA, Schultz RO, Hull DS. Herpetic keratitis—clinical evaluation of adenine arabinoside and idoxuridine. In: Pavan‐Langston D, Buchanan RA, Alford CA Jr editor(s). Adenine‐Arabinoside: An Antiviral Agent. New York: Raven Press, 1975:331‐5.
Pavan‐Langston 1981 {published data only}
    1. Laibson PR, Pavan‐Langston D, Yeakley WR, Lass J. Acyclovir and vidarabine for the treatment of herpes simplex keratitis. American Journal of Medicine 1982;73 Suppl 1A:281‐5. - PubMed
    1. Pavan‐Langston D, Lass J, Hettinger M, Udell I. Acyclovir and vidarabine in the treatment of ulcerative herpes simplex keratitis. American Journal of Ophthalmology 1981;92:829‐35. - PubMed
Power 1991 {published data only}
    1. Power WJ, Benedict‐Smith A, Hillery M, Brady K, Collum LMT. Brivudine and trifluorothymidine (TFT) in dendritic corneal ulceration: a double blind controlled study. Current Eye Research 1991;10:183‐7. - PubMed
    1. Power WJ, Benedict‐Smith A, Hillery M, Brady K, Collum LMT. Randomised double‐blind trial of brivudine and trifluorothymidine (TFT) in dendritic corneal ulceration. British Journal of Ophthalmology 1991;75:649‐51. - PMC - PubMed
Ramirez 2002 {published data only}
    1. Ramirez JB, Baca O, Velasco R, Viggiano D, Erazo J. Topical treatment for epithelial herpetic keratitis: ganciclovir gel versus aciclovir ointment. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 2002;43:abstract 3072.
Richter 1986 {published data only}
    1. Richter S, Matthes H. Results of treating herpetic keratitis with bromovinyl‐deoxyuridine [Ergebnisse der Therapie herpetischer Hornhauterkrankungen mit (E)‐5‐(2‐Bromvinyl)‐2'‐Desoxyuridin]. Folia Ophthalmologica 1986;11:95‐9.
Serifoglu 1987 {published data only}
    1. Şerifoğlu A, Karakurt A. Clinical evaluation of acyclovir and idoxuridine with debridement in the treatment of superficial herpetic keratitis [Vüzeysel herpetik keratitlerin tedavisinde idoxuridine ve acyclovirin debridmanla beraber kullanilmasiyla alinan sonuçlar]. Türk Oftalmoloji Gazetesi 1987;17:380‐5.
Shen 2014 {published data only}
    1. Shen AJ, Chen XJ, Wang BZ. Efficacy of combination therapy with corneal debridement for herpes simplex epithelial keratitis [角膜清创联合药物治疗上皮型单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎疗效观察]. China Practical Medicine [Zhongguo Shiyong Yiyao] 2014;9(6):157‐8.
    1. Xiao F, Zheng L, Lai Y. Efficacy of combination therapy with corneal debridement for herpes simplex epithelial keratitis [角膜清创联合药物治疗上皮型单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎疗效观察]. China Medical Tribune [Zhongguo Yixue Luntan Bao] 2014; Vol. http://gp.cmt.com.cn/detail/555817.html.
Srinivas 1993 {published data only}
    1. Srinivas C. Combination therapy of acyclovir and idurine in herpetic keratitis. Afro‐Asian Journal of Ophthalmology 1993;12:336‐7.
Struck 1989 {published and unpublished data}
    1. Struck HG, Schäfer K. Investigations on the topical treatment of herpes simplex virus infection of the eye [Untersuchungen zur lokalen Herpestherapie im Augenbereich]. Folia Ophthalmologica 1989;14:335‐40.
Sugar 1980 {published data only}
    1. Sugar J, Stark W, Binder PS, Meyer R, Chandler JW, Waring GO III, et al. Trifluorothymidine treatment of herpes simplex epithelial keratitis and comparison with idoxuridine. Annals of Ophthalmology 1980;12:611‐5.
Sun 2013a {published data only}
    1. Sun CX. Efficacy of ganciclovir ophthalmic gel in treatment of herpes simplex viral keratitis [更昔洛韦眼用凝胶治疗单疱性病毒性角膜炎的疗效分析]. China Practical Medicine [Zhongguo Shiyong Yiyao] 2013;8(14):164‐5.
Sundmacher 1976a {published data only}
    1. Sundmacher R, Neumann‐Haefelin D, Manthey KF. Human‐interferon therapy in dendritic keratitis [Humaninterferon‐therapie der keratitis dendritica]. Deutsche Ophthalmologische Gesellschaft 1977;74:615‐8. - PubMed
    1. Sundmacher R, Neumann‐Haefelin D, Manthey KF, Müller O. Interferon in treatment of dendritic keratitis in humans: a preliminary report. Journal of Infectious Diseases 1976;133 Suppl A:A160‐4. - PubMed
Sundmacher 1976b {published data only}
    1. Sundmacher R, Neumann‐Haefelin D, Cantell K. Interferon treatment of dendritic keratitis. Lancet 1976;1:1406‐7. - PubMed
    1. Sundmacher R, Neumann‐Haefelin D, Cantell K. Successful treatment of dendritic keratitis with human leukocyte interferon. A controlled clinical study. Albrecht von Graefes Archiv für Klinische und Experimentelle Ophthalmologie 1976;201:39‐45. - PubMed
Sundmacher 1978a {published data only}
    1. Sundmacher R, Cantell K, Haug P, Neumann Haefelin D. Role of debridement and interferon in the treatment of dendritic keratitis. Albrecht von Graefes Archiv für Klinische und Experimentelle Ophthalmologie 1978;207:77‐82. - PubMed
Sundmacher 1978b {published data only}
    1. Sundmacher R, Cantell K, Skoda R, Hallermann C, Neumann Haefelin D. Human leukocyte and fibroblast interferon in a combination therapy of dendritic keratitis. Albrecht von Graefes Archiv für Klinische und Experimentelle Ophthalmologie 1978;208:229‐33. - PubMed
Sundmacher 1981a {published data only}
    1. Sundmacher R, Cantell K, Neumann‐Haefelin D. Evaluation of interferon in ocular viral diseases. In: Maeyer E, Galasso G, Schellekens H editor(s). The Biology of the Interferon System. Amsterdam: Elsevier/North‐Holland Biomed Press, 1981:343‐50.
    1. Sundmacher R, Neumann‐Haefelin D, Cantell K. The clinical value of interferon in ocular viral disease. In: Munk K, Kirchner H editor(s). Interferon: Properties, Mode of Action, Production, Clinical Application. Contributions to Oncology. Vol. 11, Basel: Karger, 1982:191‐6.
Sundmacher 1981b {published data only}
    1. Sundmacher R, Cantell K, Neumann‐Haefelin D. Combination therapy of dendritic keratitis with trifluorothymidine and interferon. Lancet 1978;2:687. - PubMed
    1. Sundmacher R, Cantell K, Neumann‐Haefelin D. Evaluation of interferon in ocular viral diseases. In: Maeyer E, Galasso G, Schellekens H editor(s). The Biology of the Interferon System. Amsterdam: Elsevier/ North‐Holland Biomed Press, 1981:343‐50.
    1. Sundmacher R, Neumann‐Haefelin D, Cantell K. Therapy and prophylaxis of dendritic keratitis with topical human interferon. Herpetische Augenerkrankungen. München: JF Bergmann, 1981:401‐7.
Sundmacher 1984a {published data only}
    1. Sundmacher R, Cantell K, Mattes A. Combination therapy for dendritic keratitis. High‐titer alpha‐interferon and trifluridine. Archives of Ophthalmology 1984;102:554‐5. - PubMed
Sundmacher 1985 {published data only}
    1. Sundmacher R, Neumann‐Haefelin D, Mattes A, Merk W, Adolf G, Cantell K. Human leukocyte interferon plus trifluorothymidin versus recombinant alpha 2 arg interferon plus trifluorothymidin for therapy of dendritic keratitis. A controlled clinical study. In: Maudgal PC, Missotten L editor(s). Herpetic Eye Diseases. Dordrecht: Dr W Junk Publishers, 1985:359‐66.
Sundmacher 1987 {published data only}
    1. Sundmacher R, Mattes A, Neumann‐Haefelin D, Adolf G, Kruss B. The potency of interferon‐alpha 2 and interferon‐gamma in a combination therapy of dendritic keratitis. A controlled clinical study. Current Eye Research 1987;6:273‐6. - PubMed
Tanaka 1988a {published data only}
    1. Tanaka N, Kitano S, Uchida Y, Hosaka A, Matsuda H, Kamada K, et al. Clinical results of Ro22‐8181 ophthalmic solution for herpes simplex keratitis: a comparison test of 103 IU/ml and 107 IU/ml [単純ヘルペス性角膜炎に対するRo22‐8181点眼液の臨床成績:103IU/mlと107IU/mlの比較試験]. Japanese Review of Clinical Ophthalmology [Ganka Rinsho Iho] 1988;82(4):699‐705.
Tanaka 1988b {published data only}
    1. Tanaka N, Kitano S, Uchida Y, Akio H, Matsuda H, Matsuyama S, et al. Effect of eye drop solution of recombinant human leukocyte interferon‐α on herpes simplex keratitis: double‐blind comparative study with IDU eye drop [単純ヘルペス性角膜炎に対する組換え型ヒト白血球インターフェロンA点眼液の効果: IDU点眼剤との二重盲検比較]. Japanese Review of Clinical Ophthalmology [Ganka Rinsho Iho] 1988;82(5):908‐15.
Travers 1978 {published data only}
    1. Travers JP, Patterson A. A controlled trial of adenine arabinoside and trifluorothymidine in herpetic keratitis. Journal of International Medical Research 1978;6:102‐4. - PubMed
Uchida 1981 {published data only}
    1. Uchida Y, Kaneko M, Yamanishi R, Kobayashi S. Effect of human fibroblast interferon on dendritic keratitis. Herpetische Augenerkrankungen. München: JF Bergmann, 1981:409‐13.
    1. Yamazaki S. Further studies on clinical trials of interferon in Japan. Japanese Journal of Medical Science and Biology 1984;37:209‐23. - PubMed
Uchida 1982 {published data only}
    1. Uchida Y. Therapeutic effect of human fibroblast interferon on herpes simplex keratitis [イ​ン​タ​ー​フ​ェ​ロ​ン​点​眼​に​よ​る​単​純​ヘ​ル​ペ​ス​角​膜​炎​の​治​療​]. Folia Ophthalmologica Japonica [Nippon Ganka Kiyo] 1982;33(8):1661‐3.
    1. Uchida Y. Therapeutic effect of human fibroblast interferon on herpes simplex keratitis. In: Shiota H, Cheng Y‐C, Prusoff WH editor(s). Herpesvirus: Clinical, Pharmacological and Basic Aspects. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica, 1982:302‐7.
    1. Uchida Y, Kaneko M, Yamanishi R, Kobayashi S. Effect of human fibroblast interferon on dendritic keratitis. Herptische Augenerkrankungen. München: JF Bergmann, 1981:409‐13.
van Bijsterveld 1980 {published data only}
    1. Bijsterveld OP, Post H. Trifluorothymidine and adenine arabinoside in the treatment of dendritic keratitis. In: Sundmacher R editor(s). Herpetische Augenerkrankungen. München: JF Bergmann, 1981:380‐3.
    1. Bijsterveld OP, Post H. Trifluorothymidine versus adenine arabinoside in the treatment of herpes simplex keratitis. British Journal of Ophthalmology 1980;64(1):33‐6. - PMC - PubMed
van Bijsterveld 1989 {published data only}
    1. Bijsterveld OP, Meurs PJ. Herpetic keratitis [Keratitis herpetica]. Tijdschrift voor Therapie Geneesmiddel en Onderzoek 1985;10:641‐9.
    1. Bijsterveld OP, Meurs PJ, Clerq E, Maudgal PC. Brivudine and interferon treatment in ulcerative herpetic keratitis: a double masked study. British Journal of Ophthalmology 1989;73(8):604‐7. - PMC - PubMed
Vannini 1986 {published data only}
    1. Vannini A, Cembrano S, Assetto V, Giannitelli A. Interferon‐beta treatment of herpes simplex keratitis. Ophthalmologica 1986;192:6‐10. - PubMed
Wang 2004 {published data only}
    1. Wang J, Ni N, Yang Z, Han F. Two ways of using acyclovir in treatment of herpes simplex virus keratitis [阿昔洛韦治疗基本型单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎两种用药途径的比较]. International Journal of Ophthalmology [Guoji Yanke Zazhi] 2004;4(2):349‐51.
Wang 2014a {published data only}
    1. Wang Y. Observation on curative effect of ganciclovir ophthalmic gel and aciclovir eye drops in the treatment of herpes simplex keratitis [更昔洛韦眼用凝胶和阿昔洛韦滴眼液治疗单疱病毒性角膜炎疗效观察]. Journal of Beihua University (Natural Science) [Beihua Daxue Xuebao (Zirankexueban)] 2014;15(5):633‐6.
Wellings 1972 {published data only}
    1. Wellings PC, Awdry PN, Bors FH, Jones BR, Brown DC, Kaufman HE. Clinical evaluation of trifluorothymidine in the treatment of herpes simplex corneal ulcers. American Journal of Ophthalmology 1972;73:932‐42. - PubMed
Wilhelmus 1981a {published data only}
    1. Wilhelmus KR, Coster DJ, Jones BR. Acyclovir and debridement in the treatment of ulcerative herpetic keratitis. American Journal of Ophthalmology 1981;91:323‐7. - PubMed
Xu 2009a {published data only}
    1. Xu JJ. Clinical observation of ganciclovir ophthalmic gel in treatment of viral keratitis [更昔洛韦眼用凝胶治疗单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎的临床观察]. China Pharmaceuticals [Zhongguo Yaoye] 2009;18(7):42‐3.
Yamazaki 1984a {published data only}
    1. Yamazaki S. Further studies on clinical trials of interferon in Japan. Japanese Journal of Medical Science and Biology 1984;37:209‐23. - PubMed
Yamazaki 1984b {published data only}
    1. Yamazaki S. Further studies on clinical trials of interferon in Japan. Japanese Journal of Medical Science and Biology 1984;37:209‐23. - PubMed
Yamazaki 1984c {published data only}
    1. Yamazaki S. Further studies on clinical trials of interferon in Japan. Japanese Journal of Medical Science and Biology 1984;37:209‐23. - PubMed
Yang 2000 {published data only}
    1. Yang BL, Jin XY, Wu ZJ, Sun XQ. A clinical investigation of ganciclovir in the treatment of 137 cases of herpes simplex keratitis [更昔洛韦滴眼剂治疗单疱病毒角膜炎137例临床研究]. Ophthalmology in China [Yanke] 2000;9(5):297‐9.
Yang 2008 {published data only}
    1. Yang X, Wang BW, Ye QY, Liang XD. Ganciclovir ophthalmic gel in the treatment of 32 patients with herpes simplex virus keratitis [更昔洛韦眼用凝胶治疗单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎32例疗效观察]. Journal of Guangdong Medical College [Guangdong Yixueyuan Xuebao] 2008;26(6):628‐9.
Yeakley 1981 {published data only}
    1. Laibson PR, Pavan‐Langston D, Yeakley WR, Lass J. Acyclovir and vidarabine for the treatment of herpes simplex keratitis. American Journal of Medicine 1982;73:281‐5. - PubMed
    1. Yeakley WR, Laibson PR, Michelson MA, Arentsen JJ. A double‐controlled evaluation of acyclovir and vidarabine for the treatment of herpes simplex epithelial keratitis. Transactions of the American Ophthalmological Society 1981;79:168‐79. - PMC - PubMed
Young 1982 {published data only}
    1. Young B, Patterson A, Ravenscroft T. Double‐blind clinical trial of acyclovir and adenine arabinoside in herpetic corneal ulceration. American Journal of Medicine 1982;73 Suppl 1A:311‐2. - PubMed
    1. Young BJ, Patterson A, Ravenscroft T. A randomised double‐blind clinical trial of acyclovir (Zovirax) and adenine arabinoside in herpes simplex corneal ulceration. British Journal of Ophthalmology 1982;66:361‐3. - PMC - PubMed
Yu 2012a {published data only}
    1. Yu J, Zhang MC. Clinical investigation of foscarnet sodium eye drops for the treatment of epithelial herpes simplex keratitis [膦甲酸钠滴眼液治疗上皮型单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎]. International Eye Science [Guoji Yanke Zazhi] 2012;12(5):899‐901.
Zhang 2014 {published data only}
    1. Zhang DY. Comparison of ganciclovir ophthalmic gel and acyclovir eye drops in the treatment of herpes simplex virus keratitis [单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎应用更昔洛韦眼用凝胶和阿昔洛韦滴眼液治疗的比较]. Chinese Journal of Modern Drug Application [Zhong Guo Xian Dai Yao Wu Ying Yong] 2014;8(12):126‐7.
Zhao 2006 {published data only}
    1. Zhao L, Liu X, Wang SG, Huang FY. Comparative efficacy of treatment of viral keratitis with ganciclovir ophthalmic gel and acyclovir eye drops [更昔洛韦眼用凝胶在单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎中的应用]. Recent Advances in Ophthalmology [Yanke Xin Jinzhan] 2006;26(1):809.
Zhen 2012 {published data only}
    1. Zhen YJ. Effect comparison of two drugs on herpes simplex keratitis [两种药物治疗单纯疱疹性角膜炎疗效比较]. Journal of Hainan Medical University [Hainan Yixue] 2012;18(7):945‐6.
Zheng 2010 {published data only}
    1. Zheng W, Cui YX. Clinical efficacy of ganciclovir ophthalmic gel for herpes simplex keratitis [更昔洛韦眼凝胶对单纯疱疹性角膜炎的临床疗效观察]. Chinese Journal of Hospital Pharmacy [Zhongguo Yiyuan Yaoxue Zazhi] 2010;30(8):707‐8.
Zhu 2012 {published data only}
    1. Zhu Y. Efficacy analysis of ganciclovir ophthalmic gel in combination with interferon treatment of herpes simplex virus keratitis [更昔洛韦眼用凝胶联合干扰素治疗单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎的疗效分析]. Guide of China Medicine [Zhongguo Yiyao Xuekan] 2012;10(17):214‐5.

References to studies excluded from this review

Abboud 1967 {published data only}
    1. Abboud I. Evaluation of I.D.U. in the treatment of dendritic ulcer. Bulletin of the Ophthalmological Society of Egypt 1967;60:245‐9. - PubMed
Akberova 2000 {published data only}
    1. Akberova SI, Musaev‐Galbinur PI. The new interferon inducer Aktipol in the treatment of herpetic keratitis [Новый индуктор интерферона Актипол в лечении герпетического кератита]. Vestnik Oftalmologii 2000;116(2):16‐8. - PubMed
Assetto 1981 {published data only}
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Babushkin 1993 {published data only}
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Bianchetti 1964 {published data only}
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Butikova 1990 {published data only}
    1. Butikova VA, Soldatenkova NA, Ostrovskaya OV, Vlasova MA, Nefedova OA. The usage of an immunoglobulin in a complex treatment of ophthalmoherpes [Primenenie imunoglobulina v kompleksnom lechenii oftal'mogerpesa]. Oftalmologicheskii Zhurnal 1990;3:162‐3. - PubMed
Cao 2012 {published data only}
    1. Cao SX, Zhang J. The clinical research of yin qiao jing fang decoction on epithelial herpes simplex keratitis of the wind‐heat in liver meridian system [银翘荆防汤治疗上皮型单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎肝经风热证的临床研究]. China Foreign Medical Treatment [Zhongwai Yiliao] 2012;14(16):109‐10.
Cao 2013 {published data only}
    1. Cao BY, Zhang R. Clinical observation on combination of traditional Chinese and western medicine in treatment of herpes simplex virus keratitis [中西药治疗单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎临床观察]. Liaoning Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine [Liaoning Zhongyi Zazhi] 2013;40(5):966‐7.
Chen 2000 {published data only}
    1. Chen F. Treatment of herpes simplex viral conjunctivitis by traditional Chinese medicine combined with Western medicine: a clinical observation of 86 cases [中西医结合治疗单疱病毒性角膜炎86例疗效观察]. New Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine [Xin Zhong Yi] 2000;32(7):23‐4.
Chen 2007 {published data only}
    1. Chen XD, Tang LS. Effect evaluation of aciclovir eye drops combined with recombinant human interferon‐α‐2b eye drops in treatment of herpes simplex keratitis [正大捷普联合重组人干扰素a‐2b治疗疱疹性角膜炎]. Food and Drug [Shipin Yu Yaopin] 2007;14(5):17‐9.
Chen 2009 {published data only}
    1. Chen JX, Li H, Zhang DX. Combination of Chinese and Western medicine treatment of herpes simplex virus keratitis in 100 cases [中西医结合治疗单疱病毒性角膜炎100例]. Gansu Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine [Gansu Zhong Yi] 2009;22(9):38‐9.
Corina 1998 {published data only}
    1. Corina P. Acyclovir treatment—its effect on visual acuity and the rate of recurrences in herpetic keratitis [Tratamentul cu acyclovir—efectul asupra acuitatii vizuale si a ratei recurentelor in keratita herpetica]. Oftalmologia 1998;42:37‐41. - PubMed
Corina 1999 {published data only}
    1. Corina P, Dimitris S, Emanuil T, Nora R. Treatment with acyclovir combined with a new Romanian product from plants [Tratamentul cu acyclovir asociat cu un nou produs romanesc din plante]. Oftalmologia 1999;46:55‐7. - PubMed
Deng 2003 {published data only}
    1. Deng Z, Han J. Combination of Chinese and western medicine treatment for herpes simplex keratitis: clinical observation of 53 cases [中西医结合治疗单纯疱疹毒性角膜炎53例疗效观察]. New Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine [Xin Zhong Yi] 2003;35(3):51‐2.
Du 2008 {published data only}
    1. Du C, Yu QZ. Combination of Chinese and western medicine treatment of herpes simplex virus keratitis [中西医结合治疗单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎的疗效观察]. Journal of Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine [Zhe Jiang Zhong Yi Yao Da Xue Xue Bao] 2008;32(4):475‐6.
Dundarov 1998 {published data only}
    1. Dundarov S, Petrunova S, Panova N, Petrova A. Treatment of viral eye diseases with pandavir and alphaferon. Problems in Infectious and Parasitic Diseases 1998;25:30‐1.
Elze 1979 {published data only}
    1. Elze KL. Ten years of clinical experience with ethyldeoxyuridine. Advances in Ophthalmology 1979;38:134‐9. - PubMed
Fellinger 1980 {published data only}
    1. Fellinger C, Bartl G. Clinical experience with different methods of treating herpes corneæ [Klinische Erfahrungen über die Therapie des herpes corneæ mit verschiedenen Behandlungsmethoden]. Klinische Monatsblätter für Augenheilkunde 1980;176:239‐41. - PubMed
Feng 2004 {published data only}
    1. Feng Z, Jin H. Combination of Chinese and Western medicine treatment of herpes simplex virus keratitis: clinical observation of 52 cases [中西医结合治疗单疱病毒性角膜炎52例疗效观察]. Journal of Ningxia Medical College [Ningxia Yike Daxue Xuebao] 2004;26(6):467‐8.
Galin 1976 {published data only}
    1. Galin MA, Chowchuvech E, Kronenberg B. Therapeutic use of inducers of interferon on herpes simplex keratitis in humans. Annals of Ophthalmology 1976;8:72‐6. - PubMed
Gao 2006 {published data only}
    1. Gao Y. Combination of Chinese and Western medicine treatment of herpes simplex virus keratitis: clinical analysis of 86 cases [中西医结合治疗单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎86例临床分析]. Journal of Shanxi Medical College for Continuing Education [Shanxi Zhigong Yixueyuan Xuebao] 2006;16(1):32‐3.
Gilkes 1963 {published data only}
    1. Gilkes MJ. Further experiences in the therapy of herpetiform and other keratitis with 5‐iodo, deoxyuridine (IDU) in hospital practice. Transactions of the Ophthalmological Societies of the United Kingdom 1963;83:593‐601. - PubMed
Gong 2013 {published data only}
    1. Gong J. Clinical efficacy of integrative medicine in 55 cases of herpes simplex keratitis [中西医结合治疗单纯疱疹性角膜炎55例临床疗效观察]. Modern Diagnosis and Treatment [Xiandai Zhenduan Yu Zhiliao] 2013;24(18):4124‐5.
Gu 2005 {published data only}
    1. Gu J, Lin Y, Qiu P, Huang G, Wu C. The treatment of herpes simplex keratitis with interferon‐α‐2b and acyclovir [α‐干扰素联合无环鸟苷滴眼液治疗单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎]. Chinese Journal of Primary Medicine and Pharmacy [Zhongguo Ji Ceng Yi Yao] 2005;12(10):1395‐6.
Gulinuer 2011 {published data only}
    1. Gulinuer T, Liu XQ. Retrospective analysis of the effects of ganciclovir and acyclovir in the treatment of patients with herpes simplex keratitis in our hospital [回顾性分析本院用更昔洛韦与阿昔洛韦治疗单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎的疗效]. Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology [Zhongguo Linchuang Yaolixue Zazhi] 2011;27(6):425‐6.
Gundersen 1936 {published data only}
    1. Gundersen T. Herpes corneæ. With special reference to its treatment with strong solution of iodine. Archives of Ophthalmology 1936;15:225‐49.
Guo 2003 {published data only}
    1. Guo XW. The treatment of herpes simplex keratitis with antivirus drugs combined with deep freezing method [抗病毒药物联合低温冷冻治疗单疱病毒性角膜炎的临床研究]. West China Medical Journal [Huaxi Yixue] 2003;13(4):462‐3.
Hao 2008 {published data only}
    1. Hao Z. Combination of Chinese and Western medicine treatment of herpes simplex virus keratitis: clinical observation [中西医结合治疗单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎临床观察]. Hebei Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine [He Bei Zhong Yi] 2008;30(11):1197‐8.
He 2014 {published data only}
    1. He GJ. Efficacy of autologous serum treatment of herpes simplex virus keratitis [自体血清治疗单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎的疗效观察]. Anhui Medical and Pharmaceutical Journal [Anhui Yiyao] 2014;18(4):755‐6.
Herbort 1987 {published data only}
    1. Herbort CP, Buechi ER, Matter M. Blunt spatula debridement and trifluorothymidine in epithelial herpetic keratitis. Current Eye Research 1987;6:225‐9. - PubMed
Hilsdorf 1969 {published data only}
    1. Hilsdorf C, Forudastan E. Therapeutic results of keratitis herpetica simplex with cryotherapy [Behandlungsergebnisse der Keratitis herpetica simplex mit Kälte]. Klinische Monatsblätter für Augenheilkunde 1969;154:627‐33. - PubMed
Horodeňscy 1979 {published data only}
    1. Horodeňscy A, Horodeňscy J. Treatment of corneal herpes with cytarabine [Leczenie cytarbinq zapaleń herpetycznych rogówki]. Klinika Oczna 1979;81:217‐9. - PubMed
Hu 2013 {published data only}
    1. Hu B, Dai J, Lei MS, Huang HY. Clinical study of Tujia Minority medicine on herpes simplex keratitis [土家药治疗单纯疱疹性角膜炎的临床研究]. Guiding Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy [Zhong Yi Yao Dao Bao] 2013;19(4):13‐5.
Huang 2007 {published data only}
    1. Huang Z. Clinical observation of ganciclovir ophthalmic gel in the treatment of herpes simplex keratitis [更昔洛韦眼用凝胶治疗单纯疱疹性角膜炎临床观察]. Sichuan Medical Journal [Sichuan Yixue] 2007;28(2):221‐2.
Huang 2008b {published data only}
    1. Huang CL, Chen ZG, Yu JF. Observation on herpes simplex keratitis treated by traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine combined in clinic [中西医结合治疗单疱病毒性角膜炎临床观察]. Liaoning Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine [Liao Ning Zhong Yi Zazhi] 2008;36(8):1212‐3.
Huang 2009 {published data only}
    1. Huang ZW, Wu ZF, Huang ZC. The clinical effect of acyclovir combined with interferon on herpes simplex keratitis [无环鸟苷‐干扰素治疗单疱病毒性角膜炎疗效观察]. China Tropical Medicine [Zhongguo Hedai Yixue] 2009;15(4):686, 695.
Huang 2013 {published data only}
    1. Huang XY. Curative effect and preventive reoccurrence function of liver detoxification soup [qing gan jie yu tang] combined with ganciclovir ophthalmic gel on herpes simplex keratitis [清肝解毒汤联合更昔洛韦眼用凝胶治疗单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎的疗效及预防复发作用]. China Modern Doctor [Zhongguo Xiandai Yisheng] 2013;51(25):101‐3.
Inocencio 1982 {published data only}
    1. Inocencio FP, Valenton MJ, Dy‐Liacco JU, Batungbakal RT, Chua NG. Acycloguanosine and idoxuridine in herpes simplex keratitis. Philippine Journal of Ophthalmology 1982;14:39‐41.
Jiang 2011 {published data only}
    1. Jiang M, Jiang J, Zhang Y. Efficacy of Tobradex adjuvant therapy for herpes simplex keratitis [典必殊辅助治疗病毒性角膜炎的疗效观察]. China Medical Herald [Zhongguo Yiyao Daobao] 2011;8(1):80‐1.
Jin 1992 {published data only}
    1. Jin XY. A clinical investigation of rHuIFN alpha‐1 in the treatment of herpes simplex virus keratitis [基因工程干扰素α—1治疗单疱角膜炎的临床研究]. Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology [Zhonghua Yanke Zazhi] 1992;28(3):134‐7. - PubMed
Jing 2010 {published data only}
    1. Jing GL, Jing SY, Zhou YZ. Clinical observation of ganciclovir ophthalmic gel in treatment of herpes simplex keratitis [更昔洛韦眼用凝胶治疗单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎的临床观察]. Henan Medical Research [Henan Yixue Yanjiu] 2010;19(1):74‐5, 80.
Jones 1979 {published data only}
    1. Jones BR, Coster DJ, Fison PN, Thompson GM, Cobo LM, Falcon MG. Efficacy of acycloguanosine (Wellcome 248U) against herpes‐simplex corneal ulcers. Lancet 1979;1:243‐4. - PubMed
Kasparov 1972 {published data only}
    1. Kasparov AA. Significance of interferon inductors in the contemporary antiviral therapy of herpetic eye diseases [Значение индукторов интерферона в современной противовирусной терапии герпетическиой болезни глаз]. Vestnik Oftalmologii 1972;2:63‐7. - PubMed
Kasparov 1974 {published data only}
    1. Kasparov AA, Fadeeva LL, Avetisov SE. Experience with combined use of polyribonucleotide complex and iododesoxyuridine in treatment of herpetic keratitis [Опыт комбинированого использования полирибонуклеотидного комплекса и 5‐йод‐2‐дезоксиуридина в лечении герпетического кератита]. Antibiotiki 1974;19:458‐62. - PubMed
Kasparov 1990 {published data only}
    1. Kasparov AA, Oganesiants VA, Riabokon' BV, Gorbovitskaia GE. Microdiathermocoagulation in the treatment of herpetic keratitis [Mikrodiatermokoaguliatsiia v lechenii gerpeticheskogo keratita]. Vestnik Oftalmologii 1990;106:37‐41. - PubMed
Kasparov 1991 {published data only}
    1. Kasparov AA, Pereverzina OK, Gorbovitskaya GE. A new combination in medicamentous treatment (poludan + aciclovir) of different forms of ophthalmoherpes [Новое в комбинированной медикаментозной терапии (Полудан + ацикловир) различных протявлений oфтальмогерпеса]. Oftalmologicheskii Zhurnal 1991;46:196‐200.
Koev 2007 {published data only}
    1. Koev K, Tanev V, Avramov L, Borisova E. Clinical investigation of combined therapy influence over keratitis herpetica dendritica with He‐Ne laser, pandavir and acyclovir. In: Atanasov PA, Dreischuh TN, Gateva SV, Kovachev LM editor(s). Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering. 14th International School on Quantum Electronics: Laser Physics and Applications. Vol. 6604, Bellingham, Washington: Society of Photo‐Optical Instrumentation Engineers, 2007:66042E‐1‐5.
Kolomiets 1986 {published data only}
    1. Kolomiets AG, Chekina AY, Birach TV, Kolomiets ND, Votiakov VI. Clinical studies of the therapeutic efficacy of antiherpes immunoglobulin in ophthalmoherpes [Klinicheskoe izuchenie teraperticheskoi effektivnosti protirogerpeticheskoga imunoglobulina pri oftal'mogerpene]. Oftalmologicheskii Zhurnal 1986;2:109‐12. - PubMed
Kuyama 1979 {published data only}
    1. Kuyama H, Imanishi J, Itoi M. Comparative evaluation of human leukocyte and fibroblast interferon in the treatment of herpetic keratitis. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 1979;18 Suppl:57‐8.
Leopold 1965 {published data only}
    1. Leopold IH. Clinical experience with nucleosides in herpes simplex eye infections in man and animals. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1965;130:181‐91. - PubMed
Li 1998 {published data only}
    1. Li SF, Wu X, Zhuge P, Zhang ZQ. Clinical observations on treating herpes simplex virus keratitis with Ban Lan Gen injection: report of 31 cases [板蓝根注射液治疗单疱病毒性角膜炎临床观察（附31例报告)]. Journal of Hebei Medical University [He Bei Yike Daxue Xuebao] 1998;19(4):215‐7.
Li 2012 {published data only}
    1. Li LJ, Yuan RJ. Clinical analysis on increased and decreased dosage of yin qiao san in treating herpes simplex viral keratitis [银翘散加减治疗单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎临床分析]. Journal of Hebei North University (Natural Science Edition) [Hebei Beifang Xueyuan Xuebao (Ziran Kexueban)] 2012;10(3):83‐5.
Li 2013c {published data only}
    1. Li HY. Traditional Chinese medicine combined with acyclovir treatment of herpes simplex keratitis [中药联合无环鸟苷治疗单纯疱疹性角膜炎]. Guide of China Medicine [Zhongguo Yiyao Xuekan] 2013;11(13):448‐9.
Li 2014a {published data only}
    1. Li SM, He RX. Observation of integrative effect of combined traditional Chinese and Western medicine in the treatment of 92 patients with recurrent herpes simplex keratitis [中西医结合治疗复发性单纯疱疹性角膜炎92例疗效观察]. Nei Mongol Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine [Nei Mung‐gu Zhong Yi Yao] 2014;33(3):67‐8.
Li 2014b {published data only}
    1. Li CJ, Zhang CH, Ding LL, Yu JL. Clinical experience with traditional Chinese medicine for herpes simplex keratitis [单纯疱疹性角膜炎进行中医辨证治疗临床体会]. Medicine and Health Care [Yi Yao Yu Bao Jian] 2014;21(1):134.
Li 2014c {published data only}
    1. Li XH, Jubo L, Lu X, Hong Y. Eye drops of basic fibroblast growth factor for herpes simplex keratitis [碱性成纤维细胞生长因子滴眼液在单纯疱疹性角膜炎中的应用]. International Medicine and Health Guidance News [Guoji Yiyao Weisheng Daobao] 2014;20(10):1392‐4.
Lin 2009 {published data only}
    1. Lin YY. Effect of acyclovir combined with polyinosinic‐polycytidylic acid injection on herpes simplex keratitis [无环鸟苷联合聚肌胞治疗单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎临床观察]. China Tropical Medicine [Zhongguo Hedai Yixue] 2009;9(4):681, 769.
Lin 2013a {published data only}
    1. Lin T, Gong L, Sun XH, Zhao NQ, Chen W, Yuan HP, et al. Effectiveness and safety of 0.15% ganciclovir in situ ophthalmic gel for herpes simplex keratitis－a multicenter, randomized, investigator‐masked, parallel group study in Chinese patients. Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2013;7:361‐8. - PMC - PubMed
Lin 2013b {published data only}
    1. Lin X. Efficacy of the treatment of herpes simplex virus keratitis with ganciclovir ophthalmic solution in combination with interferon [更昔洛韦滴眼液联合干扰素治疗单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎的疗效分析]. Modern Diagnosis and Treatment [Xiandai Zhenduan Yu Zhiliao] 2013;23(10):2324.
Liu 2003 {published data only}
    1. Liu T, Shi HW, Xie CZ. Subconjunctival interferon injection on 36 patients with herpes simplex keratitis [球结膜下注射干扰素治疗单疱病毒性角膜炎36例]. International Journal of Ophthalmology [Guoji Yanke Zazhi] 2003;3(2):118‐9.
Liu 2007 {published data only}
    1. Liu ZW, Li XC, Wen SZ. Evaluation of the therapeutic effects of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on herpes simplex keratitis [无环鸟苷滴眼液联合碱性成纤维细胞生长因子滴眼液治疗单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎疗效观察]. Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology [Linchuang Yanke Zazhi] 2007;15(2):155‐7.
Liu 2009b {published data only}
    1. Liu Y. Combination of Chinese and Western medicine treatment of herpes simplex virus keratitis: clinical observation [中西医结合治疗单疱病毒性角膜炎临床观察]. Hebei Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine [He Bei Zhong Yi] 2009;31(6):896‐7.
    1. Liu YH. Clinical study of qiang huo sheng feng decoction combined with acyclovir treatment on herpes simplex keratitis [羌活胜风汤加减联合无环鸟苷治疗单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎的临床研究]. Fujian Medical University 2008; Vol. Master's Thesis.
Liu 2014b {published data only}
    1. Liu YH, Dong XH. Curative effect observation of combination therapy of aciclovir joint muscle cell [polyinosinic acid] on herpes simplex keratitis [阿昔洛韦联合聚肌胞治疗单疱病毒性角膜炎疗效观察]. Heilongjiang Medical Journal [Heilonghang Yixue] 2014;38(4):430‐1.
Long 2011 {published data only}
    1. Long KL. Effect of different treatments on tear EGF, Ig, and complement C3 of viral keratitis patients [不同治疗方案对病毒性角膜炎泪液EGF、Ig和补体C3 的影响研究]. Modern Preventive Medicine [Xiandai Yufang Yixue] 2011;20(15):3120‐1.
Ma 1982 {published data only}
    1. Ma ZX. Clinical investigation of anti‐herpes simplex virus agents [抗单纯疱疹病毒药疹的临床研究]. Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology [Zhonghua Yanke Zazhi] 1982;18(2):92‐5. - PubMed
Ma 2006a {published data only}
    1. Ma YD. Combination of Chinese and Western medicine treatment of herpes simplex virus keratitis [中西医结合治疗单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎疗效观察]. Liaoning Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine [Liaoning Zhongyi Zazhi] 2006;33(9):1158.
Ma 2010 {published data only}
    1. Ma XL, Zhi Z, Liu J, Qi BY, Qu J. Efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine for herpes simplex virus keratitis and its anti‐retroviral role [中药内服外薰对单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎疗效及抗复发作用的研究]. Chinese Journal of Difficult and Complicated Cases [Yinanbing Zazhi] 2010;9(8):613‐4.
Ma 2011 {published data only}
    1. Ma HX, Bao ZS, Xu CX, Sun L. Efficacy of curcuma oil eye gel in the treatment of herpes simplex virus keratitis [莪术油眼用凝胶治疗单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎的疗效观察]. China Practical Medicine [Zhongguo Shiyong Yiyao] 2011;6(15):188‐9.
Ma 2013 {published data only}
    1. Ma JP. Differential treatment of 29 cases of herpes simplex keratitis [辨证治疗单纯疱疹性角膜炎29例]. Chinese Medicine Modern Distance Education of China [Zhongguo Zhongyiyao Xiandai Yuancheng Jiaoyu] 2013;11(22):33.
Maichuk 1990 {published data only}
    1. Maichuk YF, Kazachenko MA, Dyadina UV. Rengazyl (pyroprophene) in treatment of inflammatory eye diseases [Rengazil (piprofen) v lechenii vospalitel'nykh zabolevanii glaz]. Oftalmologicheskii Zhurnal 1990;45:290‐2. - PubMed
Mal'khanov 1991 {published data only}
    1. Mal'khanov VB, Gripas' IA, Nasibullina GKh, Belousova MA. Use of T‐activin and thymalin in the treatment of ophthalmic herpes [Применение Тактивина и тималина при лечении офтальмогерпеса]. Vestnik Oftalmologii 1991;107(5):51‐4. - PubMed
Marquardt 1971 {published data only}
    1. Marquardt R, Roth HW. Susceptibility of corneal herpes to treatment [Über die therapeutische Beeinflußbarkeit der Herpes corneæ]. Klinische Monatsblätter für Augenheilkunde 1971;158:517‐26. - PubMed
Martenet 1979 {published data only}
    1. Martenet AC. Experiences with iododeoxycytidine in the treatment of ocular herpes simplex infections. Advances in Ophthalmology 1979;38:105‐9. - PubMed
Matalia 1987 {published data only}
    1. Matalia PD. Herpetic keratitis newer modality of better approach: study of 440 cases/460 eyes. Indian Journal of Ophthalmology 1987;35:94‐102. - PubMed
Mathur 1984 {published data only}
    1. Mathur AG, Elhence A. Cryotherapy, immunotherapy and wiping in herpes keratitis. Indian Journal of Ophthalmology 1984;32:382‐4. - PubMed
McGill 1981 {published data only (unpublished sought but not used)}
    1. McGill J, Tormey P. Use of acyclovir in herpetic ocular infection. American Journal of Medicine 1982;73 Suppl 1A:286‐9. - PubMed
    1. McGill J, Tormey P, Walker CB. Comparative trial of acyclovir and adenine arabinoside in the treatment of herpes simplex corneal ulcers. British Journal of Ophthalmology 1981;65:610‐3. - PMC - PubMed
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Mohan 1987 {published data only (unpublished sought but not used)}
    1. Mohan M, Gupta SK, Vajpayee RB, Kalra VK. Acyclovir and adenine arabinoside in the treatment of herpes simplex keratitis: a prospective controlled clinical trial. Medical Science Research 1987;15:1173.
Morimoto 1986 {published data only}
    1. Morimoto K, Yagi J, Miyamoto Y, Yasumoto K, Nishida T, Otori T. Zovirax for epithelial herpetic keratitis [上皮型角膜ヘルペスに対するゾビラックスの治療効果について]. Folia Ophthalmologica Japonica [Nippon Ganka Kiyo] 1986;37(4):602‐6.
Patterson 1967c {published data only}
    1. Patterson A, Jones BR. The management of ocular herpes. Transactions of the Ophthalmological Societies of the United Kingdom 1967;87:59‐84. - PubMed
Pavan‐Langston 1972 {published data only (unpublished sought but not used)}
    1. Pavan‐Langston D, Dohlman CH. A double blind clinical study of adenine arabinoside therapy of viral keratoconjunctivitis. American Journal of Ophthalmology 1972;74:81‐8. - PubMed
Pavan‐Langston 1977 {published data only (unpublished sought but not used)}
    1. Pavan‐Langston D. Current trends in therapy of ocular herpes simplex: experimental and clinical studies. Advances in Ophthalmology 1979;38:82‐8. - PubMed
    1. Pavan‐Langston D, Foster CS. Trifluorothymidine and idoxuridine therapy of ocular herpes. American Journal of Ophthalmology 1977;84:818‐25. - PubMed
Pietruschka 1968 {published data only}
    1. Pietruschka G. On the epidemiology and therapy of herpes corneæ [Zur Epidemiologie und Therapie des Herpes corneæ]. Das Deutsche Gesundheitswesen 1968;23:1249‐54. - PubMed
Pintér 1973 {published data only}
    1. Pintér L, Biró A, Berencsi G. Treatment of corneal herpes with a photosensitising dye [Die Behandlung des Herpes corneæ mit einem photosensibilisierenden Farbstoff]. Klinische Monatsblätter für Augenheilkunde 1973;163:600‐4. - PubMed
Pivetti‐Pezzi 1985 {published data only (unpublished sought but not used)}
    1. Pivetti‐Pezzi P, Liso P, Tamburi S, Luzi G, Sirianni MC, Palmisano L, et al. Thymic factor therapy for herpetic keratitis. Annals of Ophthalmology 1985;17:327‐31. - PubMed
Prost 1986 {published data only}
    1. Prost M, Gerkowicz K, Kozak U. Clinical investigations on the therapeutic effectiveness of isoprinosine in herpetic keratitis [Badania kliniczne uad skutecznoscia terapeutyczna preparatu isoprinosine w opryszczkocoym zapaleniu rogowki]. Klinika Oczna 1986;88:276‐7. - PubMed
Rykun 1988 {published data only}
    1. Rykun VS, Maichuk YF. Clinico‐experimental substantiation of the use of tocopherol in the treatment of ocular herpes simplex [Клинико‐экспериментальное обоснование применения токоферола в лечении офтальмогерпеса]. Vestnik Oftalmologii 1988;104(4):65‐8. - PubMed
Salcedo Hernandez 2007 {published data only}
    1. Salcedo Hernandez CI, Velasco R, Baca O, Babayan A, Salas F. Autologous serum vs topical acyclovir in the treatment of epithelial herpetic keratitis. ARVO Annual Meeting. 2007:withdrawn abstract 381.
Scialdone 1986 {published data only}
    1. Scialdone D, Chisci C, Volpe C. Valuation of efficacy of beta interferon in the treatment of herpes simplex virus (HSV) keratoconjunctivitis [Valutazione dell'efficacia del beta interferone nella terapia delle cheratocongiuntiviti da virus herpes simplex (HSV)]. Annali di Ottalmologia e Clinica Oculistica 1986;112:1101‐5.
Sellitti 1982 {published data only}
    1. Sellitti G, Mastroberti A, Scarpa M, Santamarina M. Methisoprinol eye drops in herpetic dendritic keratitis [Il metisoprinolo in collirio nella cheratite erpetica dendritica]. Annali di Ottalmologia e Clinica Oculistica 1982;108:417‐23.
Shimomura 1987 {published data only}
    1. Shimomura Y, Ohashi Y, Maeda N, Matsuda M, Hamano T, Manabe R. Herpetic keratitis therapy to reduce recurrence. Current Eye Research 1987;6:105‐10. - PubMed
Shiota 1979 {published data only}
    1. Shiota H, Inoue S, Imai M, Yamane S, Ogawa T. Clinical evaluation of trifluorothymidine and adenine arabinoside against ulcerative herpetic keratitis [Trifluorothymidineおよび adenine arabinoside による角膜ヘルペスの治​療成績​]. Japanese Review of Clinical Ophthalmology [Ganka Rinsho Iho] 1979;33(2):145‐50.
Shiota 1988 {published data only}
    1. Shiota H, Naito T, Kusujima K, Katan T, Mimura Y. Topical interferon in the treatment of herpetic keratitis [角​膜​ヘ​ル​ペ​ス​の​治​療​に​対​す​る​イ​ン​タ​ー​フ​ェ​ロ​ン​の​応​用​]. Japanese Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology [Rinsho Ganka] 1988;42(5):542‐3.
Sozen 2006 {published data only}
    1. Sozen E, Avunduk AM, Akyol N. Comparison of efficacy of oral valacyclovir and topical acyclovir in the treatment of herpes simplex keratitis: a randomized clinical trial. Chemotherapy 2006;52:29‐31. - PubMed
Stambuk 1995 {published data only}
    1. Stambuk M, Stambuk V, Pesic MC. Effect of adjuvant immunotherapy with thymic extract thymex‐L in herpetic keratitis. International Journal of Thymology 1995;3:252‐7.
Su 2010 {published data only}
    1. Su YY, He YZ, Wen TS. Clinical observation about ganciclovir ophthalmic gel combined interferon in the treatment of herpes simplex viral keratitis [更昔洛韦眼用凝胶联合干扰素治疗单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎疗效观察]. China Modern Medicine [Zhongguo Dangdai Yiyao] 2010;3(10):53‐4.
Sun 2012 {published data only}
    1. Sun H. Efficacies of yanhuning combined with acyclovir and single use of acyclovir in treatment of herpes simplex virus keratitis: a comparative study [炎琥宁联合阿昔洛韦与单独采用阿昔洛韦治疗单疱病毒性角膜炎疗效比较]. Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology [Zhonghua Yiyuanganranxue Zazhi] 2012;17(23):5376‐8.
Sun 2014 {published data only}
    1. Sun L, Zhang YQ, Zhong YH, Gao RH. Clinical observation of corneal scarring after herpes simplex virus keratitis with large doses of vitamin C treatment [大剂量维生素C治疗单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎后角膜瘢痕的临床观察]. Guide of China Medicine 2014;12(5):145‐6.
Tamburi 1990 {published data only (unpublished sought but not used)}
    1. Tamburi S, Palombaro P, Micozzi I, Florio FR, Abdulaziz MA. Alpha interferon therapy for superficial herpetic keratitis [L'interferon alfa naturale nel trattamento della cheratite erpetica superficiale]. Atti del LXX Congresso della Societa del Ottalmologia Italiano, Roma. 1990:369‐74.
Tarakji 1978 {published data only}
    1. Tarakji MS, Matta CS, Shammas HF. Cryotherapy of herpes simplex keratitis. Annals of Ophthalmology 1978;10:1557‐9. - PubMed
Tommila 1963 {published data only}
    1. Tommila V. Treatment of dendritic keratitis with interferon. Acta Ophthalmologica 1963;41:478‐82. - PubMed
Topciu 1992 {published data only}
    1. Topciu V, Chercotă G, Mihăilescu R, Dressler S. Immunologic and antiviral therapy in herpetic keratitis. Roumanian Archives of Microbiology and Immunology 1992;51:233‐7. - PubMed
Wan 2014 {published data only}
    1. Wan JL, Kang B. Treatment of epithelial herpes simplex viral keratitis by recombinant human interferon α‐2b eye drops [重组人干扰素 α‐2b 滴眼液治疗上皮型单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎]. International Eye Science [Guoji Yanke Zazhi] 2014;14(2):276‐8.
Wang 2009 {published data only}
    1. Wang SL, Xu M. Ganciclovir ophthalmic gel and acyclovir eye drops: comparative efficacy in treatment of viral keratitis [更昔洛韦眼用凝胶与阿昔洛韦眼液治疗病毒性角膜炎疗效比较]. China Modern Medicine [Zhongguo Dangdai Yiyao] 2009;16(17):53.
Wang 2010a {published data only}
    1. Wang QL. Clinical observation of integrated traditional Chinese and western medical therapy on herpes simplex keratitis [中西医结合治疗单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎临床观察]. Hebei Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine [He Bei Zhong Yi] 2010;22(9):1388‐9.
Wang 2010b {published data only}
    1. Wang ZP. Clinical experience in herpes simplex viral keratitis treated with integrated Chinese and western medicine [中西医结合治疗单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎临床体会]. World Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine [Shijie Zhongxiyi Jiehe Zazhi] 2010;5(9):780‐1.
Wang 2011 {published data only}
    1. Wang ZY, Wang F. Clinical analysis of herpes simplex keratitis treated by Chinese herbs [中药治疗单纯疱疹性角膜炎临床分析]. Journal of Practical Traditional Chinese Medicine [Shiyong Zhongyiyiao Zazhi] 2011;27(5):294‐5.
Wang 2014b {published data only}
    1. Wang YZ, Xu Y, Wang LQ, Xin YF, Yang XS, Gu GX. Clinical study of yiqi jiedu granules combined with wester medicine for 107 cases of herpes simplex keratitis [益气解毒冲剂联合西药治疗单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎107例临床研究]. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine [Zhongyi Zazhi] 2014;55(2):133‐6.
Wei 2012 {published data only}
    1. Wei XH, Li L, Su JL, Cui GD, Wang XM, Wang XJ. Polyinosinic acid combined with ganciclovir gel in treating herpes simplex keratitis [聚肌胞联合更昔洛韦眼用凝胶治疗单疱病毒性角膜炎]. Medical Journal of Trauma and Disability [Shangcan Yixue Zazhi] 2012;20(9):27‐8.
Wen 2011 {published data only}
    1. Wen HL. Observation of the curative effect on herpes simplex keratitis treated by the combination of Chinese traditional medicine and western medicine [中西医结合治疗单疱病毒性角膜炎疗效观察]. Chinese and Foreign Women Health [Zhong Wai Fu Er Jian Kang] 2011;2(9):4‐5.
Weng 2014 {published data only}
    1. Weng CY, Hong B. Recombinant human interferon combined with acyclovir in the treatment of herpes simplex virus keratitis and the prevention of recurrence [重组人干扰素联合无环鸟苷滴眼液治疗单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎的效果及预防复发作用]. Chinese Remedies and Clinics [Zhongguo Yaowu Yu Linchuang] 2014;14(1):76‐7.
Whitcher 1976 {published data only}
    1. Whitcher JP, Dawson CR, Hoshiwara I, Daghfous T, Messadi M, Triki F, et al. Herpes simplex keratitis in a developing country. Natural history and treatment of epithelial ulcers in Tunisia. Archives of Ophthalmology 1976;94:587‐92. - PubMed
Xiao 1998 {published data only}
    1. Xiao AY, Li Y, Li JY, Zhang XH, Shen XF. Clinical study of curing herpes simplex keratitis with human recombinant IL‐2 [hrIL‐2治疗单疱病毒性角膜炎临床研究]. Chinese Ophthalmic Research [Yanke Yan Jiu] 1998;16(1):46‐7.
Xie 2005 {published data only}
    1. Xie W, Jiang S, Xie Y, Xie K. Clinical study of frost‐snow eye drops in the treatment of herpes simplex keratitis [冰霜雪眼药水治疗单纯疱疹性病毒性角膜炎的临床研究]. China Journal of Modern Medicine [Zhongguo Xiandai Yixue Zazhi] 2005;7(15):2344‐6.
Xu 2009b {published data only}
    1. Xu JJ. Clinical study on treating herpes simplex keratitis with recombinant human interleukin 2 [重组白细胞介素Ⅱ治疗单纯疱疹性角膜炎的临床观察]. Modern Preventive Medicine [Xiandai Yufang Yixue] 2009;36(6):1182‐3.
Xu 2012 {published data only}
    1. Xu GY. Houttuynia cordata as a treatment method for herpes simplex keratitis [鱼腥草治疗单纯疙疹病毒性角膜炎]. Guide of China Medicine [Zhongguo Yiyao Xuekan] 2012;10(24):15,17.
Yamamoto 1984 {published data only}
    1. Yamamoto K, Fujiwara H, Kohno M, Kurimoto R, Hanafusa M. Effectiveness of topical zinc sulfate for herpes simplex keratitis [単​純​ヘ​ル​ペ​ス​性​角​膜​炎​に​対​す​る​硫​酸​亜​鉛​点​眼​の​有​効​性​]. Japanese Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology [Rinsho Ganka] 1984;38(7):743‐6.
Yang 2012 {published data only}
    1. Yang XB. Compound Chinese medicine eye drops contrasted with acyclovir eye drops in the treatment of herpes simplex keratitis [复方中药滴眼液与无环鸟苷滴眼液治疗单纯疱疹性角膜炎的效果对比]. Lishizhen Medicine and Materia Medica Research [Zhizhen Guoyi Guoyao] 2012;23(8):2067‐8.
Yi 2011 {published data only}
    1. Yi YM, Yi JL, Wang HZ, Luo JY, Gong JM, Li RJ, Wang HY. Curative effect of qinggan xiehuo combined with acupuncture in the treatment of herpes simplex virus keratitis [清肝泻火法联合针刺治疗单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎的疗效]. Practical Clinical Medicine [Shiyong Linchuang Yixue] 2011;12(9):77‐8,82.
Yu 1999 {published data only}
    1. Yu XL, Zeng QH, Li X, Wang MF. A clinical study on the efficacy of miedulin eye drops in the treatment of herpes simplex keratitis [灭毒灵滴眼液治疗单纯疱疹性角膜炎的临床研究]. Journal of Traditional Chinese Ophthalmology [Zhongguo Zhongyi Yanke Zazhi] 1999;9(1):29‐31.
Yu 2012b {published data only}
    1. Yu J, Zhang MC, Xiang QY. Clinical observation of epithelial herpes simplex keratitis treated by live attenuated measles vaccine [麻疹减毒活疫苗治疗上皮型单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎临床观察]. Journal of Xinxiang Medical College [Xinxiang Yixueyuan Xuebao] 2012;29(6):454‐6.
Yu 2014 {published data only}
    1. Yu AZ. Clinical efficacy of Chinese herbs combined with acyclovir in treatment of herpes simplex keratitis [中药联合无环鸟苷治疗单纯疱疹性角膜炎临床疗效观察]. Journal of Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine [Guiyang Zhongyi Xueyuan Xuebao] 2014;36(2):79‐81.
Yuan 2011 {published data only}
    1. Yuan HY. Effects of ganciclovir ophthalmic gel combined with interferon in the treatment of herpes simplex viral keratitis [更昔洛韦眼用凝胶联合干扰素治疗单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎的疗效分析与评价]. Chinese Journal of Clinical Rational Drug Use [Linchuang Heli Yongyao Zazhi] 2011;18(4):43‐4.
Zagaigora 1971 {published data only}
    1. Zagaigora EP. Comparative effectiveness of gamma‐globulin, deoxyribonuclease and Kerecid in herpetic keratitis [Сравнение эффективности гамма‐глобулина, дезоксирибонуклеазы и Keрeцида в герпетическиx кератитаx]. Oftalmologicheskii Zhurnal 1971;26(1):29‐32. - PubMed
Zajácz 1968 {published data only}
    1. Zajácz M, Kovács M. Superficial herpetic keratitis (statistical assessment of 146 cases) [Felületes herpes‐keratitis (146 eset statisztikai értékelése)]. Szemészet 1968;105:294‐8.
Zhai 2007 {published data only}
    1. Zhai N, Chen Y. Integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine in the treatment of 58 cases of herpes simplex virus keratitis [中西医结合治疗单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎58例]. Journal of Shaanxi College of Traditional Chinese Medicine [Shaanxi Zhong Yixue Yuan Xuebao] 2007;30(4):34‐5.
Zhan 2011 {published data only}
    1. Zhan YH, Xiao YQ, Wu ZL. Traditional Chinese medicine compared with conventional western medicine, each in the treatment of 50 cases of herpes simplex keratitis [消翳方配合常规西药治疗单纯疱疹性角膜炎50例临床观察]. Guiding Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy [Zhongyiyao Daobao] 2011;8(3):50‐2.
Zhang 1992 {published data only}
    1. Zhang MD, Luan XH, Meng W, Zhao XZ. Clinical and immunologic evaluation of combination therapy for herpes simplex keratitis with antiviral drugs and immunopotentiating agent [抗病毒药联合免疫增强剂治疗单疱病毒性角膜炎的临床与免疫学评价]. Chinese Ophthalmic Research [Yanke Yan Jiu] 1992;19(2):38‐40.
Zhang 1995 {published data only}
    1. Zhang H, Li X, Li X, Liang Q, Xiang Y. Clinical observations on herpes simplex keratitis treated with qing gan xie huo decoction [清肝泻火汤治疗单纯疱疹性角膜炎的临床观察]. Bulletin of Hunan Medical University [Hunan Yike Daxue Xuebao] 1995;20(5):439‐41.
Zhang 1997 {published data only}
    1. Zhang H, Song HW, Guo RX, Sun NX. Detection of subtribe of T‐lymphocyte before and after traditional Chinese medicine treatment in simple herpetic keratitis with applied OKT‐McAb [应用OKT单克隆抗体检测单纯疱疹性角膜炎中药治疗前后外周血T细胞亚群]. Journal of Xi'an Medical University [Xi'an Yike Daxue Xuebao] 1997;18(4):433‐5, 452.
Zhang 2003 {published data only}
    1. Zhang XF, Li WH, Zhang JM, Yao J, Yang J, Sheng W. The comparison of interferon‐α‐1b and interferon‐α‐2b on the treatment of herpes simplex virus keratitis [α1b、α2b型干扰素滴眼剂治疗单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎临床对比研究]. Chinese Journal of Practical Ophthalmology [Zhongguo Shiyong Erke Zazhi] 2003;21(2):828‐9.
Zhang 2008 {published data only}
    1. Zhang P. Integrated treatment of Chinese and Western medicine of 100 patients with herpes simplex virus keratitis [中西医结合治疗单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎100例]. Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine [Zhonghua Zhongyiyao Xuekan] 2008;26(7):1595‐7.
Zhang 2010 {published data only}
    1. Zhang YY, Chen GY. Effect of combined treatment of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine on recurrent herpes simplex keratitis [复发性单纯痕莎性角膜炎中西医结合治疗的疗效分析]. Journal of Jinggangshan University (Natural Science) [Jinggangshan Daxue Xuebao (Ziranban)] 2010;6(1):106‐8.
Zhao 2001 {published data only}
    1. Zhao X, Feng Y, Ding Y, Guo Y, Tang Y, Feng D. Clinical observation of the effect of acyclovir with interferon and diclofenac on treatment of herpes simplex keratitis [无环鸟苷联合干扰素、双氯芬酸钠治疗单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎]. Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology [Linchuang Yanke Zazhi] 2001;9(5):400‐1.
Zhao 2007 {published data only}
    1. Zhao Y, Wu L, Liang Q. Clinical observation of herpes simplex keratitis during treatment with yinhuang eye drop [银黄滴眼液治疗单纯疱疹性角膜炎临床研究]. Journal of Traditional Chinese Ophthalmology [Zhongguo Zhongyi Yanke Zazhi] 2007;4(8):187‐90.
Zhao 2010 {published data only}
    1. Zhao AX, Sun MQ, Sun HY. Chinese medicine combined with eyebrow injection in the treatment of 54 cases of recurrent herpes simplex keratitis [中药结合眉弓注射治疗复发性单疱病毒性角膜炎54 例]. Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae [Zhongguo Shiyan Fangjixue Zazhi] 2010;16(8):206‐7.
Zhao 2013 {published data only}
    1. Zhao SQ, Zhao L, Sun ZX. Randomized controlled research of herpes simplex keratitis treated with modified yupingfeng powder [玉屏风散加味治疗单纯疱疹性角膜炎的随机对照研究]. World Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine [Shijie Zhongxiyi Jiehe Zazhi] 2013;8(8):812‐4.
Zheng 2008 {published data only}
    1. Zheng LM, Cai HY, Lin RS. Therapeutic effect of Chinese medicine combined with iontophoresis of Radix astragali for herpes simplex keratitis [观察中药配合电离子导入治疗单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎的疗效]. Journal of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine [Guangzhou Zhong Yiyao Daxue Xuebao] 2008;25(4):289‐91.
Zheng 2014 {published data only}
    1. Zheng HY. Effects observation on treating 45 cases of herpes simplex in the integrative medicine [中西医结合治疗45例单纯疱疹性角膜炎疗效观察]. Clinical Journal of Chinese Medicine [Zhongyi Linchuang Yanjiu] 2014;6(7):100‐1.
Zhi 2001 {published data only}
    1. Zhi S, Yang F, Liang C, Sun X. Clinical study of curing herpes simplex keratitis with recombinant lL‐2 [rIL‐2治疗单纯疱疹性角膜炎的临床研究]. Chinese Journal of Practical Ophthalmology [Zhongguo Shiyong Yanke Zazhi] 2001;19(8):604‐5.
Zhong 2003 {published data only}
    1. Zhong LY, Wang XM, Lai J, Liu YQ. Ultrasonic nebulization of reduqing eye drop in clinical treatment of herpes simplex keratitis [热毒清眼药水雾化治疗单疱性角膜炎临床研究]. Bulletin of the Academy of Military Medical Sciences [Junshi Yixue Kexueyuan Yuankan] 2003;15(3):209‐12.
Zhou 2007 {published data only}
    1. Zhou LS, Wu DL. Clinical observation on the treatment of 38 cases of herpes simplex virus keratitis with atomization of traditional Chinese medicine and acyclovir [中药雾化联合无环鸟苷治疗单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎38例临床观察]. Guiding Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy [Zhong Yi Yao Dao Bao] 2007;13(11):44‐5.
Zhou 2008 {published data only}
    1. Zhou Q, Chen K, Fang L, Yu J, Yue X. Interferon combined with acyclovir for herpes simplex keratitis [干扰素联合无环鸟苷滴眼液治疗单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎]. Chinese Journal of General Practice [Zhongguo Quanke Yixue] 2008;6(10):1009‐10.
Zirm 1981 {published data only}
    1. Zirm M, Söser M, Ogriseg M. Dendritic keratitis—a comparison of different therapy forms with special emphasis on antibody‐therapy. In: Sundmacher R editor(s). Herpetische Augenerkrankungen. München: JF Bergmann, 1981:365‐72.

References to studies awaiting assessment

Ajanta Pharma 2013 {published data only}
    1. Singh S. A clinical trial in patients with herpes keratitis: clinical trial is to study efficacy, safety and tolerability of ganciclovir ophthalmic gel 0.15% vs acyclovir ophthalmic ointment 3% in patients with herpes keratitis. Ajanta Pharma Ltd (protocol APL/CT/09/031) 2013. [CTRI/2010/091/000198]
Bausch & Lomb 2003 {published data only}
    1. Anonymous. Safety and efficacy of cidofovir topical ophthalmic solution in the treatment of unilateral epithelial keratitis due to HSV: comparative study between cidofovir (0.3% and 0.5%) vs Viroptic 1%. Unpublished clinical trial sponsored by Bausch and Lomb and Gilead Sciences 2003.

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