warm

See also: wärm and wårm

English

Alternative forms

warme (obsolete)

Pronunciation

(UK)
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /wɔːm/
- (Northumbria) IPA^(key): /waːm/
(General American) IPA^(key): /wɔɹm/
Audio (General American): (file)
Rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)m

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-Germanic *warmaz

Proto-West Germanic *warm

Old English wearm

Middle English warm

English warm

From Middle English warm, werm, from Old English wearm, from Proto-West Germanic *warm, from Proto-Germanic *warmaz, from one of:

Proto-Indo-European *wór-mo-s, from *wer- (“to burn”), which is related to Hittite 𒉿𒊏𒀀𒉌 (warāni, “to burn”), Armenian վառել (vaṙel, “to burn, heat, warm”), Old Church Slavonic варити (variti, “to cook, boil”).
Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰor-mo-s, from the root *gʷʰer- (“warm, hot”), in which case cognate with Ancient Greek θερμός (thermós) (making perhaps a distant doublet of thermos), Latin formus, Sanskrit घर्म (gharmá).

In any case cognate within Germanic to West Frisian waarm, Saterland Frisian woorm, Dutch warm, German warm, Swedish varm, Icelandic varmur.

Adjective

warm (comparative warmer, superlative warmest)

Of a somewhat high temperature, often but not always connoting that the high temperature is pleasant rather than uncomfortable.
The tea is still warm.

This is a very warm room.
- 1863, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, The Herons of Elmwood:
  Warm and still is the summer night.
- 1985, Robert Ferro, Blue Star:
  It seemed I was too excited for sleep, too warm, too young.
- 2021 August 12, Katie Hunt, “Mammoths were the original ‘ice road truckers,’ traveling vast distances across the Arctic”, in CNN‎^[1], archived from the original on 14 April 2022:
  While the study doesn’t directly shed light on why, it suggested that maintaining a similar degree of mobility as the climate changed to the warmer and wetter pattern we have today could have imparted additional stress as the mammoth encountered unfamiliar environments or restricted its movement.
- 2024 March 8, Mary Gilbert, Eric Zerkel, “Winter is over, and it was the warmest on record. Here’s what the US missed out on this season”, in CNN‎^[2], archived from the original on 23 March 2024:
  Kids jump into Lake Michigan during unseasonably warm conditions in Chicago on February 26, 2024. […] This winter was the warmest on record for the Lower 48, NOAA’s National Centers for Environmental Information said Friday. Records date to the late 1800s.
Friendly and with affection.
We have a warm friendship.
Having a color in the part of the visible electromagnetic spectrum between red and yellow-green.
(informal) Close to a goal or correct answer.
Earlier you were way off, but now you're getting warmer.
- 1876, William Black, “An Encounter”, in Madcap Violet. […], volume III, London: Macmillan and Co., →OCLC, page 74:
  That was a further clue; and here, indeed, young Mr. Dowse was getting "warm," as children say at blind-man's-buff, although, as a matter-of-fact, she had now been talking of George Miller at all.
Fresh, of a scent; still able to be traced.
(figurative) Communicating a sense of comfort, ease, or pleasantness.
a warm piano sound
(archaic) Ardent, zealous.
a warm debate, with strong words exchanged
- 1646 (indicated as 1645), John Milton, “Song on May Morning”, in Poems of Mr. John Milton, […], London: […] Ruth Raworth for Humphrey Mosely, […], →OCLC:
  Mirth, and youth, and warm desire!
- 1712 September 22 (Gregorian calendar), [Joseph Addison; Richard Steele et al.], “THURSDAY, September 11, 1712”, in The Spectator, number 481; republished in Alexander Chalmers, editor, The Spectator; a New Edition, […], volume V, New York, N.Y.: D[aniel] Appleton & Company, 1853, →OCLC:
  They say he's a warm man and does not care to be made mouths at.
  The spelling has been modernized.
- 1717, Alexander Pope, “Eloisa to Abelard”, in The Works of Mr. Alexander Pope, volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: […] W[illiam] Bowyer, for Bernard Lintot, […], published 1717, →OCLC:
- 1776–1788, Edward Gibbon, chapter I, in The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, volume (please specify |volume=I to VI), London: […] W[illiam] Strahan; and T[homas] Cadell, […], →OCLC:
  To the strength and fierceness of barbarians they added a contempt for life, which was derived from a warm persuasion of the immortality and transmigration of the soul.
- 1850, Nathaniel Hawthorne, The Scarlet Letter, a Romance, Boston, Mass.: Ticknor, Reed, and Fields, →OCLC:
  I had been none of the warmest of partisans.
(dated, informal) Well off as to property, or in good circumstances; prosperous.
- 1766, [Oliver Goldsmith], The Vicar of Wakefield: […], volume (please specify |volume=I or II), Salisbury, Wiltshire: […] B. Collins, for F[rancis] Newbery, […], →OCLC:
  You shall have a draught upon him, payable at sight: and let me tell you he is as warm a man as any within five miles round him.
- 1791, Charlotte Smith, Celestina, Broadview, published 2004, page 258:
  Mrs. and the Miss Cathcarts began to be considered as people of some consequence in the circle in which they moved, while he gradually obtained in the city the name of a warm man.
- 1824, Geoffrey Crayon [pseudonym; Washington Irving], Tales of a Traveller, (please specify |part=1 to 4), Philadelphia, Pa.: H[enry] C[harles] Carey & I[saac] Lea, […], →OCLC:
  I know the Stuyvesant family —puff— every one of them —puff— not a more respectable family in the province —puff— old standards —puff— warm householders —puff— none of your upstarts
- 1905, E. Nesbit, “Molly, the measles, and the missing will”, in Oswald Bastable and Others:
  And he'd leave missis the house and enough money to keep it up in style. He was a warm man, it seems.
- 1937, Dorothy L. Sayers, Busman's Honeymoon:
  That’s right; that’s the way he’s made his bit. He’s a warm man, is Mr. Noakes.
(archaic) Requiring arduous effort.
- 1929, The Listener, numbers 41-50, page 552:
  The circular iron platform over there is used in the task of tyring the wheels, a warm job, too, by the way.

Synonyms

Antonyms

(antonym(s) of “mild temperature”): Arctic, cold, cool, frozen
(antonym(s) of “caring”): Arctic, cold, cool, frozen

Derived terms

Translations

having a temperature slightly higher than usual — see also hot,‎ lukewarm

Albanian: i ngrohtë (sq)
Altai:
Northern Altai: чылыг (čïlïg), чылу (čïlu)

Southern Altai: јылу (ǰïlu)
Arabic: دَافِئ (dāfiʔ), دَفِيء (dafīʔ)
Armenian: ջերմ (hy) (ǰerm), տաք (hy) (takʻ)
Aromanian: caldu
Assamese: গৰম (gorom)
Avar: хинаб (xinab)
Azerbaijani: ilıq (az)
Bashkir: йылы (yılı)
Belarusian: цёплы (be) (cjóply)
Bengali: গরম (bn) (gorom)
Breton: tomm (br)
Bulgarian: то́пъл (bg) (tópăl)
Burmese: ပူ (my) (pu), နွေး (my) (nwe:)
Buryat: дулаан (dulaan)
Catalan: calent (ca), càlid (ca)
Cebuano: alimuot, igang
Chechen: мела (mela)
Chinese:
Cantonese: 暖 (nyun⁵)

Hokkien: 燒烙 / 烧烙 (zh-min-nan) (sio-lō)

Mandarin: 暖和 (zh) (nuǎnhuó), 溫暖 / 温暖 (zh) (wēnnuǎn)
Chuvash: ӑшӑ (ăš̬ă)
Czech: teplý (cs)
Danish: varm (da), lun
Dutch: warm (nl)
Erzya: лембе (lembe)
Esperanto: varma (eo)
Estonian: soe (et)
Even: ням (ņam)
Evenki: няма (ņama)
Finnish: lämmin (fi), lämpöinen (fi)
French: chaud (fr) m, chaude (fr) f
Frisian:
North Frisian: wārem (Sylt)

West Frisian: waarm (fy)
Friulian: cjalt, čhald
Galician: quente (gl) m, morno (gl)
Georgian: თბილი (ka) (tbili)
German: warm (de)
Greek: ζεστός (el) (zestós)
Ancient Greek: θερμός (thermós)
Guarani:
Paraguayan Guarani: ^{(please verify)} aku (h-)
Haitian Creole: cho
Hebrew: חָמִים (he) m (khamím), חמימה f (khamimá)
Higaonon: madagadang
Hindi: गरम (hi) (garam), गर्म (hi) (garm)
Hmong:
White Hmong: kub, sov
Hungarian: meleg (hu)
Icelandic: hlýr (is)
Indonesian: hangat (id), panas (id)
Ingrian: lämmää, sooja
Ingush: мела (mela)
Interlingua: calide, calorose
Irish: te
Italian: caldo (it)
Iu Mien: siouv
Japanese: (weather) 暖かい (ja) (あたたかい, atatakai), (objects, feelings) 温かい (ja) (あたたかい, atatakai), ホカホカ (Hokahoka)
Javanese: anget (jv)
Old Javanese: hangĕt, panas
Jingpho: lum
Kabuverdianu: kenti
Kalmyk: дулан (dulan)
Kashubian: cepły
Kazakh: жылы (jılı)
Khmer: ក្ដៅ (km) (kdaw)
Korean: 따뜻하다 (ko) (ttatteuthada)
Kott: fal, phal
Kurdish:
Central Kurdish: گەرم (ckb) (germ)

Northern Kurdish: germ (ku)
Kyrgyz: жылуу (ky) (jıluu)
Ladino: kayente
Lao: ອຸ່ນ (ʼun), ອົບອຸ່ນ (ʼop ʼun)
Latgalian: sylts
Latin: calidus (la), caleō, formus
Latvian: silts (lv)
Lithuanian: šiltas m, šilta f
Lombard: cald (lmo)
Luxembourgish: waarm (lb), wuarm
Macedonian: топол (topol)
Malay: hangat (ms), suam, panas (ms)
Malayalam: ഊഷ്മള (ml) (ūṣmaḷa)
Manchu: ᠪᡠᠯᡠᡴᠠᠨ (bulukan)
Mansi:
Northern Mansi: ^{(please verify)} ма̄лтып (māltyp), лоньсиӈ (lonʹsiň)
Māori: mahana (mi), pūmahana, pūwerawera, pūwera, pūāhuru (of the weather), āhuru (in the sense of cost and friendly)
Mauritian Creole: so
Mizo: lum
Mòcheno: bòrm
Mongolian:
Cyrillic: дулаан (mn) (dulaan), дулаахан (dulaaxan)
Nanai: няма (njama)
Norman: caûd
Norn: øni
Norwegian:
Bokmål: varm (no)
Occitan: caud (oc) m
Odia: ଗରମ (garama)
Old Church Slavonic:
Cyrillic: топлъ (toplŭ)
Old East Slavic: теплъ (teplŭ)
Old English: wearm
Ossetian: хъарм (qarm)
Pannonian Rusyn: цепли (cepli)
Papiamentu: kayente
Persian:
Iranian Persian: گَرْم (garm)
Polish: ciepły (pl)
Portuguese: morno (pt), quente (pt)
Quechua: q’uñi
Rapa Nui: hana
Rawang: lø̀m
Romani: tato
Romanian: cald (ro) m, caldă (ro) f
Romansh: chaud
Russian: тёплый (ru) (tjóplyj)
Sami:
Northern Sami: liekkas
Samoan: mafanafana
Sanskrit: उष्ण (sa) (uṣṇa)
Sardinian:
Campidanese: buddiu, basca, callenti

Logudorese: caente, callente, buddiu, caldu
Sassarese: caldu
Scottish Gaelic: blàth
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: то̏пао

Latin: tȍpao (sh)
Sicilian: càudu (scn)
Slovak: teplý (sk)
Slovene: topel (sl)
Sorbian:
Lower Sorbian: śopły

Upper Sorbian: ćopły
Spanish: cálido (es), caluroso (es) (weather), calentito (es), calientito
Sundanese: warm
Swedish: varm (sv)
Tagalog: mainit
Tajik: гарм (tg) (garm)
Talysh:
Asalemi: گرم (garm)
Tamil: இதமாக (itamāka), இதமான (itamāṉa)
Tatar: җылы (cılı)
Telugu: వెచ్చని (te) (veccani)
Ternate: sahu
Tetum: manas
Thai: อุ่น (th) (ùn)
Tidore: sahu
Tocharian B: tāpce, emalle
Tongan: māfana
Tupinambá: akub (s-)
Turkish: ılık (tr)
Ottoman Turkish: صیجاق (sıcak), ایصی (ısı, ıssı), حرارتلو (hararetli)
Turkmen: ýyly
Udmurt: шуныт (šunyt)
Ukrainian: те́плий (téplyj)
Urdu: گَرْم (garm)
Uyghur: ئىلمان (ilman), ئىسسىق (issiq)
Uzbek: iliq (uz), issiq (uz)
Venetan: calt
Vietnamese: ấm (vi)
Võro: lämmi
Welsh: cynnes (cy)
Yiddish: וואַרעם (varem)
Zazaki: germ (diq)
Zealandic: waerm

being something that causes warmth

Armenian: ջերմ (hy) (ǰerm), տաք (hy) (takʻ)
Breton: tomm (br), klouar (br)
Catalan: calorós (ca), càlid (ca)
Czech: teplý (cs)
Danish: varm (da)
Dutch: warm (nl)
Esperanto: varmiga
Finnish: lämmin (fi)
French: chaleureux (fr) m, chaleureuse (fr) f
Hebrew: חָמִים (he) m (khamím), חמימה f (khamimá)
Indonesian: hangat (id)
Interlingua: cordial
Irish: te
Italian: caldo (it), caloroso (it), cordiale (it)
Japanese: 暖かい (ja) (あたたかい, atatakai), 温かい (ja) (あたたかい, atatakai)
Latin: calidus (la), caleo (to be warm)
Latvian: silts (lv), silts (lv)
Luxembourgish: waarm (lb), wuarm
Polish: ciepły (pl)
Portuguese: morno (pt)
Rapa Nui: hana
Romanian: cald (ro) m, caldă (ro) f
Russian: тёплый (ru) (tjóplyj)
Sardinian:
Campidanese: buddiu, basca, callenti

Logudorese: caente, callente, buddiu, caldu
Sassarese: caldu
Scottish Gaelic: blàth
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: то̏пао

Latin: tȍpao (sh)
Slovak: teplý (sk)
Telugu: వెచ్చని (te) (veccani)
Turkish:
Ottoman Turkish: صیجاق (sıcak), ایصی (ısı, ıssı), حرارتلو (hararetli)

caring, of relation to another person

Armenian: ջերմ (hy) (ǰerm)
Bulgarian: сърде́чен (bg) (sărdéčen)
Catalan: calorós (ca), cordial (ca)
Czech: vřelý (cs) m
Danish: varm (da)
Dutch: warm (nl)
Esperanto: varma (eo)
Finnish: lämmin (fi)
French: cordial (fr) m, cordiale (fr) f
Georgian: თბილი (ka) (tbili)
German: warmherzig (de), fürsorglich (de)
Hebrew: חַם (he) m (kham), חמה (he) f (khamá)
Italian: caloroso (it)
Japanese: 温かい (ja) (あたたかい, atatakai), 熱烈な (ja) (ねつれつな, netsuretsu na)
Khmer: កក់ក្ដៅ (kɑk kdaw)
Korean: 열렬하다 (ko) (yeollyeolhada)
Latin: calidus (la)
Latvian: silts (lv)
Luxembourgish: waarm (lb), wuarm
Malayalam: ഊഷ്മളം (ūṣmaḷaṁ)
Mari:
Eastern Mari: шокшо (šokšo), шӱман (šüman)
Polish: ciepły (pl)
Portuguese: caloroso (pt), cordial (pt)
Romanian: apropiat (ro)
Russian: тёплый (ru) (tjóplyj), серде́чный (ru) (serdéčnyj)
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: то̏пао

Latin: tȍpao (sh)
Slovak: vrelý (sk), vrúcny, srdečný
Telugu: సాదరంగా (sādaraṅgā), సాదరమైన (sādaramaina)

ardent, zealous

Bulgarian: стра́стен (bg) (strásten), разгореще́н (bg) (razgoreštén)
Catalan: ardent (ca)
Esperanto: fervora (eo)
Finnish: palava (fi)
French: enflammé (fr) m, enflammée (fr) f
Italian: ardente (it)
Polish: żarliwy (pl)
Russian: стра́стный (ru) (strástnyj)
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: жа̑ркӣ

Latin: žȃrkī (sh)
Slovak: horúci

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

Ido: ^{(please verify)} varma (io)

Etymology 2

Etymology tree

Proto-Germanic *warmaz

Proto-Indo-European *-yeti

Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti

Proto-Germanic *-janą

Proto-Germanic *warmijaną

Proto-West Germanic *warmijan

Old English wierman

Proto-West Germanic *warmōn

Old English wearmian

Middle English warmen

English warm

From Middle English warmen, wermen, wyrmen, from Old English wierman (“to make warm”) and wearmian (“to become warm”), from Proto-West Germanic *warmijan and *warmōn. Cognate with Dutch warmen, German wärmen, Swedish värma.

Verb

warm (third-person singular simple present warms, present participle warming, simple past and past participle warmed)

(transitive) To make or keep warm.
- 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Isaiah 44 44-Chapter-15/# 15::
  Then shall it [an ash tree] be for a man to burn; for he will take thereof and warm himself.
- 1825, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Morituri Salutamus:
  enough to warm, but not enough to burn
(intransitive) To become warm, to heat up.
My socks are warming by the fire.

The earth soon warms on a clear summer day.
(intransitive) (sometimes in the form warm up) To favour increasingly. [with to]
- 1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 5, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:
  Mr. Campion appeared suitably impressed and she warmed to him. He was very easy to talk to with those long clown lines in his pale face, a natural goon, born rather too early she suspected.
He is warming to the idea.

Her classmates are gradually warming to her.
(ditransitive with to) To cause (someone) to favour (something) increasingly.
- 2006, Matt Wray, Not Quite White, page xi:
  It is with no small degree of irony that I confess that immersing myself in an interdisciplinary project has warmed me to the seductions of disciplinary perspectives.
(intransitive) To become ardent or animated.
The speaker warms as he proceeds.
(transitive) To make engaged or earnest; to interest; to engage; to excite ardor or zeal in; to enliven.
- 1717 November 20, Alexander Pope, letter to the Bishop of Rochester
  there was a collection of all that had been written […] : I warmed my head with them.
- 1827, [John Keble], The Christian Year: Thoughts in Verse for the Sundays and Holydays throughout the Year, volume (please specify |volume=I or II), Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] [B]y W. Baxter, for J. Parker; and C[harles] and J[ohn] Rivington, […], →OCLC:
  Bright hopes, that erst the bosom warmed.
(transitive) To give emotional warmth to a person.
- 1886, Joseph Augustus Seiss, Right Life: Or, Candid Talks On Vital Themes:
  That is just the way God tells me this book is His Word. I read it, and it warms me and gives me light.
(transitive, colloquial) To beat or spank.
- 1945, The Atlantic, volume 176, page 94:
  Not bothering to turn around and not missing a mouthful, Myrtle comforted her with threats of "I'll warm your bottom"; "I'll turn you over to your dad"; "I'll lock you in the truck"; "I'll send for the bogey man" — all of which Darleen ignored […]
(transitive, colloquial) To scold or abuse verbally.
(computing, transitive) To prepopulate (a cache) so that its contents are ready for other users.
Synonym: warm up
(Internet, transitive) To send electronic mail from (a domain) to improve its reputation for mail sending.
Synonym: warm up

Derived terms

Translations

to make or keep warm — see also heat

Assamese: পুঁওৱা (pũüa)
Bulgarian: затоплям (bg) (zatopljam)
Czech: ohřát (cs), zahřát
Danish: varme, opvarme, holde (da) varm (da)
Dutch: opwarmen (nl), verwarmen (nl), warm houden
Esperanto: varmigi (eo)
Finnish: lämmittää (fi), lämmitellä (fi)
French: chauffer (fr), échauffer (fr), réchauffer (fr)
Old French: eschaufer
Friulian: scjaldâ
Georgian: ათბობს (atbobs)
German: wärmen (de)
Greek:
Ancient Greek: θάλπω (thálpō)
Hebrew: חימם (khimém)
Hungarian: melegít (hu)
Ingrian: lämmittää
Italian: riscaldare (it), scaldare (it)
Japanese: 暖める (ja) (atatameru), 温める (ja) (atatameru)
Jingpho: shalum
Latin: calefacio, calesco, foveō
Latvian: sildīt (lv)
Lithuanian: šildyti
Luxembourgish: wiermen
Māori: whakaahuru, whakamahana, whakamāhanahana, whakatāmahana (referring to food)
Mirandese: acalcer
Nepali: तताउनु (tatāunu)
Norwegian:
Bokmål: varme (no)

Nynorsk: varme
Ossetian: тавын (tavyn)
Persian: تافتن (fa), فردمایدن, گرم کردن (fa) (garm kardan)
Polish: ogrzewać (pl)
Portuguese: aquecer (pt), esquentar (pt)
Romanian: încălzi (ro)
Russian: греть (ru) (gretʹ)
Sami:
Northern Sami: ligget, liekkadit
Sanskrit: तपति (sa) (tapati)
Scottish Gaelic: gar
Serbo-Croatian: grijati (sh)
Slovak: ohriať, ohrievať
Slovene: greti, ogreti, segreti
Spanish: entibiar (es), entibiecer, atibiar
Swedish: värma (sv)
Ukrainian: грі́ти (hríty), нагріва́ти (nahriváty), підігріва́ти (pidihriváty)
ǃXóõ: ǁqhàã (oneself)

to become warm, to heat up

Bulgarian: затоплям се (zatopljam se)
Esperanto: varmi
Hungarian: melegszik (hu)
Ingrian: lämmitä, lämmetä
Persian: فردمایدن, گرم شدن (fa) (garm šodan)
Portuguese: aquecer (pt), esquentar (pt)
Spanish: entibiarse (es), entibiecerse

to favour increasingly

Danish: blive interesseret i
Dutch: warmlopen (nl)
Esperanto: varmiĝi (eo)
Finnish: lämmetä (fi)
Hebrew: נפתח (niftákh)
Hungarian: megnyílik (hu), oldódik (hu)
Italian: accostarsi a, affezionarsi a
Japanese: 温める (ja) (atatameru)
Persian: مهربان شدن (mehrabân šodan)
Slovak: zvykať si

to give emotional warmth to a person

Esperanto: varmigi (eo)
Spanish: alegrar (es), enternecer (es)

Noun

warm (plural warms)

(colloquial) The act of warming, or the state of being warmed; a heating.
Shall I give your coffee a warm in the microwave?
- 1843 December 19, Charles Dickens, “(please specify the page number)”, in A Christmas Carol. […], London: Chapman & Hall, […], →OCLC:
  Sit ye down before the fire , my dear , and have a warm

Afrikaans

Etymology

From Dutch warm, from Middle Dutch warm, from Old Dutch warm, from Proto-Germanic *warmaz.

Pronunciation

Audio: (file)

Adjective

warm (attributive warm or (chiefly in figurative use) warme, comparative warmer, superlative warmste)

warm
Ek het ure lank in die warm water gelê.
I lay in the warm water for hours.

Ek het aan almal my warme dank uitgespreek.
I expressed my warm thanks to all.
- 2016, “Dinge Raak Warm”, in Sal Jy Met My Dans?‎^[3], performed by Kurt Darren, South Africa:
  Dinge raak warm.
  Things are getting warm.

Inflection

Inflection of *warm*
	predicative	attributive	independent		partitive
	predicative	attributive	singular	plural	partitive
positive	warm	warm, warme	warme	warmes	warms
comparative	warmer		warmere	warmeres	warmers
superlative	warmste			warmstes	—

Derived terms

Alemannic German

Alternative forms

woare, woarm, wore, wérme

Etymology

From Middle High German warm, from Old High German warm. Cognate with German warm, Dutch warm, English warm, Icelandic varmur.

Adjective

warm

(Formazza) warm

References

Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Luserna / Lusérn: Le nostre parole / Ünsarne börtar / Unsere Wörter [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien

Chinese

Etymology

From English warm.

Pronunciation

Cantonese (Jyutping): wom¹

Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: wom¹
  - Cantonese Pinyin: wom¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /wɔːm⁵⁵/

Adjective

warm

(Hong Kong Cantonese, of person, environment, family) warm (caring and loving)

Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch warm, from Old Dutch warm, from Proto-West Germanic *warm, from Proto-Germanic *warmaz, of uncertain origin; derivations from either Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰer- (“warm, hot”) or *wer- (“to burn”) have been proposed.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʋɑr(ə)m/
Audio: (file)
Hyphenation: warm
Rhymes: -ɑrm
Homophone: Warm

Adjective

warm (comparative warmer, superlative warmst)

warm, hot
Antonym: koud
(meteorology, officially) 20 °C or more

Declension

Declension of warm
uninflected	warm
inflected	warme
comparative	warmer
		positive	comparative	superlative
predicative/adverbial		warm	warmer	het warmst het warmste
indefinite	m./f. sing.	warme	warmere	warmste
	n. sing.	warm	warmer	warmste
	plural	warme	warmere	warmste
definite		warme	warmere	warmste
partitive		warms	warmers	—

Derived terms

Descendants

Afrikaans: warm
Berbice Creole Dutch: warum
Negerhollands: warm, werm

German

Etymology

From Middle High German and Old High German warm.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /varm/, [vaʁm], [vaɐ̯m], [vaːm], [ʋ-]
Audio (Germany (Berlin)): (file)
Audio: (file)
Audio (Austria): (file)
Hyphenation: warm

Adjective

warm (strong nominative masculine singular warmer, comparative wärmer, superlative am wärmsten)

warm; mildly hot
Antonyms: kalt, kühl
(of clothes) warm; keeping the wearer warm
(of rental prices, chiefly adverbial or in compounds) including heating costs, water, and fees (electricity may or may not be included)
Ich zahle 800 € warm für meine Wohnung.
I pay €800 for my apartment, including utilities.
(dated, except in warmer Bruder) gay, homosexual (mostly male)
Synonym: schwul

Usage notes

German warm means “warm”, but not “feeling warm”; therefore the phrase ich bin warm (literally “I am warm”) would mean that one’s body has a high temperature, particularly that one’s skin is warm on the outside. The English “I am warm” (that is: I feel warm) is equivalent to German mir ist warm (literally “to me it's warm”).
Although warm (“gay”) is not in general use, this sense is current enough to make it advisable not to describe the relation between two men as warm (unless the implication is intended).

Declension

Positive forms of warm

number & gender		singular			plural
number & gender		masculine	feminine	neuter	plural
predicative		er ist warm	sie ist warm	es ist warm	sie sind warm
strong declension (without article)	nominative	warmer	warme	warmes	warme
	genitive	warmen	warmer	warmen	warmer
	dative	warmem	warmer	warmem	warmen
	accusative	warmen	warme	warmes	warme
weak declension (with definite article)	nominative	der warme	die warme	das warme	die warmen
	genitive	des warmen	der warmen	des warmen	der warmen
	dative	dem warmen	der warmen	dem warmen	den warmen
	accusative	den warmen	die warme	das warme	die warmen
mixed declension (with indefinite article)	nominative	ein warmer	eine warme	ein warmes	(keine) warmen
	genitive	eines warmen	einer warmen	eines warmen	(keiner) warmen
	dative	einem warmen	einer warmen	einem warmen	(keinen) warmen
	accusative	einen warmen	eine warme	ein warmes	(keine) warmen

Comparative forms of warm

number & gender		singular			plural
number & gender		masculine	feminine	neuter	plural
predicative		er ist wärmer	sie ist wärmer	es ist wärmer	sie sind wärmer
strong declension (without article)	nominative	wärmerer	wärmere	wärmeres	wärmere
	genitive	wärmeren	wärmerer	wärmeren	wärmerer
	dative	wärmerem	wärmerer	wärmerem	wärmeren
	accusative	wärmeren	wärmere	wärmeres	wärmere
weak declension (with definite article)	nominative	der wärmere	die wärmere	das wärmere	die wärmeren
	genitive	des wärmeren	der wärmeren	des wärmeren	der wärmeren
	dative	dem wärmeren	der wärmeren	dem wärmeren	den wärmeren
	accusative	den wärmeren	die wärmere	das wärmere	die wärmeren
mixed declension (with indefinite article)	nominative	ein wärmerer	eine wärmere	ein wärmeres	(keine) wärmeren
	genitive	eines wärmeren	einer wärmeren	eines wärmeren	(keiner) wärmeren
	dative	einem wärmeren	einer wärmeren	einem wärmeren	(keinen) wärmeren
	accusative	einen wärmeren	eine wärmere	ein wärmeres	(keine) wärmeren

Superlative forms of warm

number & gender		singular			plural
number & gender		masculine	feminine	neuter	plural
predicative		er ist am wärmsten	sie ist am wärmsten	es ist am wärmsten	sie sind am wärmsten
strong declension (without article)	nominative	wärmster	wärmste	wärmstes	wärmste
	genitive	wärmsten	wärmster	wärmsten	wärmster
	dative	wärmstem	wärmster	wärmstem	wärmsten
	accusative	wärmsten	wärmste	wärmstes	wärmste
weak declension (with definite article)	nominative	der wärmste	die wärmste	das wärmste	die wärmsten
	genitive	des wärmsten	der wärmsten	des wärmsten	der wärmsten
	dative	dem wärmsten	der wärmsten	dem wärmsten	den wärmsten
	accusative	den wärmsten	die wärmste	das wärmste	die wärmsten
mixed declension (with indefinite article)	nominative	ein wärmster	eine wärmste	ein wärmstes	(keine) wärmsten
	genitive	eines wärmsten	einer wärmsten	eines wärmsten	(keiner) wärmsten
	dative	einem wärmsten	einer wärmsten	einem wärmsten	(keinen) wärmsten
	accusative	einen wärmsten	eine wärmste	ein wärmstes	(keine) wärmsten

Derived terms

Middle Dutch

Etymology

From Old Dutch warm, from Proto-West Germanic *warm.

Adjective

warm

warm, hot
warm, keeping the wearer warm (of clothes)
warm (of emotions)

Inflection

Adjective
		singular			plural
		masculine	feminine	neuter	plural
nominative	indefinite	warm	warme	warm	warme
nominative	definite	warme	warme	warme	warme
accusative	indefinite	warmen	warme	warm	warme
accusative	definite	warmen	warme	warme	warme
genitive	indefinite	warms	warmer	warms	warmer
genitive	definite	warms, warmen	warmer	warms, warmen	warmer
dative		warmen	warmer	warmen	warmen

Alternative forms

wāerm
werm

Descendants

Dutch: warm
- Afrikaans: warm
Limburgish: werm
West Flemish: werm

Middle English

Alternative forms

warme, werm, wearm

Etymology

From Old English wearm.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /warm/, /wɛrm/

Adjective

warm (plural and weak singular warme, comparative warmer, superlative warmest)

(temperature) warm, mildly hot
(weather) warm, pleasant, mild
heated, warmed
(locations or garments) having a tendency to be warm; designed to stay warm
Being at a healthy temperature
enthusiastic, vigourous

Descendants

Scots: wairm
English: warm

References

“warm, adj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 26 March 2018.

Noun

warm

warmness, heat

References

“warm, adj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 26 March 2018.

Old High German

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *warm.

Adjective

warm

warm

Declension

Strong declension of *warm*
singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	warmēr, warm	warmiu, warm	warmaȥ, warm
accusative	warman	warma	warmaȥ, warm
genitive	warmes	warmera	warmes
dative	warmemu	warmeru	warmemu
instrumental	warmu	—	warmu

plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	warme, warm	warmo, warm	warmiu, warm
accusative	warme	warmo	warmiu, warm
genitive	warmero	warmero	warmero
dative	warmēm	warmēm	warmēm

Weak declension of *warm*
singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	warmo	warma	warma
accusative	warmon	warmūn	warma
genitive	warmen	warmūn	warmen
dative	warmen	warmūn	warmen

plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	warmon	warmūn	warmon
accusative	warmon	warmūn	warmon
genitive	warmōno	warmōno	warmōno
dative	warmōm	warmōm	warmōm

Declension of comparative of *warm*
singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	warmōro	warmōra	warmōra
accusative	warmōron	warmōrūn	warmōra
genitive	warmōren	warmōrūn	warmōren
dative	warmōren	warmōrūn	warmōren

plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	warmōron	warmōrūn	warmōron
accusative	warmōron	warmōrūn	warmōron
genitive	warmōrōno	warmōrōno	warmōrōno
dative	warmōrōm	warmōrōm	warmōrōm

Strong declension of superlative *warm*
singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	warmōstēr, warmōst	warmōstiu, warmōst	warmōstaȥ, warmōst
accusative	warmōstan	warmōsta	warmōstaȥ, warmōst
genitive	warmōstes	warmōstera	warmōstes
dative	warmōstemu	warmōsteru	warmōstemu
instrumental	warmōstu	—	warmōstu

plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	warmōste, warmōst	warmōsto, warmōst	warmōstiu, warmōst
accusative	warmōste	warmōsto	warmōstiu, warmōst
genitive	warmōstero	warmōstero	warmōstero
dative	warmōstēm	warmōstēm	warmōstēm

Weak declension of superlative *warm*
singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	warmōsto	warmōsta	warmōsta
accusative	warmōston	warmōstūn	warmōsta
genitive	warmōsten	warmōstūn	warmōsten
dative	warmōsten	warmōstūn	warmōsten

plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	warmōston	warmōstūn	warmōston
accusative	warmōston	warmōstūn	warmōston
genitive	warmōstōno	warmōstōno	warmōstōno
dative	warmōstōm	warmōstōm	warmōstōm

Derived terms

warmī

Descendants

Middle High German: warm
- Alemannic German: warm
  - Italian Walser: warm, woare, woarm, wore, wérme
- Bavarian: borm
  - Cimbrian: barm
  - Mòcheno: bòrm
  - Udinese: borm, borbm, boarm
  - Viennese: wårm
- Central Franconian: wärm, warm
  - Hunsrik: waarem
- German: warm
- Luxembourgish: waarm
- Yiddish: וואַרעם (varem)

Old Saxon

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *warm (“warm”).

Adjective

warm (comparative warmoro, superlative warmost)

warm

Declension

Positive forms of warm
Strong declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	warm	warm	warm	warme, warma	warma	warm, warma
accusative	warman, warmen	warma	warm	warma, warme	warma	warm, warma
genitive	warmes, warmas	warmara, warmaro	warmes, warmas	warmaro, warmoro, warmero	warmaro, warmoro, warmero	warmaro, warmoro, warmero
dative	warmumu, warmum, warmun, warmun, warmon, warmen, warman	warmaro, warmaru, warmara	warmumu, warmum, warmun, warmun, warmon, warmen, warman	warmun, warmon, warmum	warmun, warmon	warmun, warmon, warmum

Weak declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	warmo, warma	warma, warme	warma, warme	warmon, warmun	warmon, warmun, warman	warmon, warmun
accusative	warmon, warman	warmun, warmon, warman	warma, warme	warmon, warmun	warmon, warmun, warman	warmon, warmun
genitive	warmen, warman	warmun, warman, warmen	warmen, warman	warmono, warmeno	warmono	warmono, warmeno
dative	warmon, warmen, warman	warmun, warman	warmon, warmen, warman	warmon, warmun	warmon, warmun	warmon, warmun

Comparative forms of warm (weak only)
Weak declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	warmoro, warmora	warmora, warmore	warmora, warmore	warmoron, warmorun	warmoron, warmorun, warmoran	warmoron, warmorun
accusative	warmoron, warmoran	warmorun, warmoron, warmoran	warmora, warmore	warmoron, warmorun	warmoron, warmorun, warmoran	warmoron, warmorun
genitive	warmoren, warmoran	warmorun, warmoran, warmoren	warmoren, warmoran	warmorono, warmoreno	warmorono	warmorono, warmoreno
dative	warmoron, warmoren, warmoran	warmorun, warmoran	warmoron, warmoren, warmoran	warmoron, warmorun	warmoron, warmorun	warmoron, warmorun

Superlative forms of warm
Strong declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	warmost	warmost	warmost	warmoste, warmosta	warmosta	warmost, warmosta
accusative	warmostan, warmosten	warmosta	warmost	warmosta, warmoste	warmosta	warmost, warmosta
genitive	warmostes, warmostas	warmostara, warmostaro	warmostes, warmostas	warmostaro, warmostoro, warmostero	warmostaro, warmostoro, warmostero	warmostaro, warmostoro, warmostero
dative	warmostumu, warmostum, warmostun, warmostun, warmoston, warmosten, warmostan	warmostaro, warmostaru, warmostara	warmostumu, warmostum, warmostun, warmostun, warmoston, warmosten, warmostan	warmostun, warmoston, warmostum	warmostun, warmoston	warmostun, warmoston, warmostum

Weak declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	warmosto, warmosta	warmosta, warmoste	warmosta, warmoste	warmoston, warmostun	warmoston, warmostun, warmostan	warmoston, warmostun
accusative	warmoston, warmostan	warmostun, warmoston, warmostan	warmosta, warmoste	warmoston, warmostun	warmoston, warmostun, warmostan	warmoston, warmostun
genitive	warmosten, warmostan	warmostun, warmostan, warmosten	warmosten, warmostan	warmostono, warmosteno	warmostono	warmostono, warmosteno
dative	warmoston, warmosten, warmostan	warmostun, warmostan	warmoston, warmosten, warmostan	warmoston, warmostun	warmoston, warmostun	warmoston, warmostun

Descendants

Middle Low German: warm
- Low German: warm
- German Low German: warm
- Plautdietsch: woam

English

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Adjective

Synonyms

Antonyms

Derived terms

Translations

See also

Etymology 2

Verb

Derived terms

Translations

Noun

Afrikaans

Etymology

Pronunciation

Adjective

Inflection

Derived terms

Alemannic German

Alternative forms

Etymology

Adjective

References

Chinese

Etymology

Pronunciation

Adjective

Dutch

Etymology

Pronunciation

Adjective

Declension

Derived terms

Descendants

See also

German

Etymology

Pronunciation

Adjective

Usage notes

Declension

Derived terms

Further reading

Middle Dutch

Etymology

Adjective

Inflection

Alternative forms

Descendants

Further reading

Middle English

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Adjective

Descendants

References

Noun

References

Old High German

Etymology

Adjective

Declension

Derived terms

Descendants

Old Saxon

Etymology

Adjective

Declension

Descendants