close
Skip to main content
Springer Nature Link
Log in

The Drosophila melanogaster as Genetic Model System to Dissect the Mechanisms of Disease that Lead to Neurodegeneration in Adrenoleukodystrophy

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Save chapter
View saved research
BERJAYA Peroxisome Biology: Experimental Models, Peroxisomal Disorders and Neurological Diseases

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 1299))

  • 3124 Accesses

  • 7 Citations

Abstract

Drosophila melanogaster is the most successful genetic model organism to study different human disease with a recent increased popularity to study neurological disorders. Drosophila melanogaster has a complex yet well-defined brain with defined anatomical regions with specific functions. The neuronal network in the adult brain has a structural organization highly similar to human neurons, but in a brain that is much more amenable for complex analyses. The availability of sophisticated genetic tools to study neurons permits to examine neuronal functions at the single cell level in the whole brain by confocal imaging, which does not require sections. Thus, Drosophila has been used to successfully study many neurological disorders such as Parkinson’s disease and has been recently adopted to understand the complex networks leading to neurological disorders with metabolic origins such as Leigh disease and X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD).

In this review, we will describe the genetic tools available to study neuronal structures and functions and also illustrate some limitations of the system. Finally, we will report the experimental efforts that in the past 10 years have established Drosophila melanogaster as an excellent model organism to study neurodegenerative disorders focusing on X-ALD.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+
from $39.99 /Month
  • Starting from 10 chapters or articles per month
  • Access and download chapters and articles from more than 300k books and 2,500 journals
  • Cancel anytime
View plans

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Free shipping worldwide - view details
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Free shipping worldwide - view details

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Explore related subjects

Discover the latest articles, books and news in related subjects, suggested using machine learning.

References

  1. Ugur B, Chen K, Bellen HJ (2016) Drosophila tools and assays for the study of human diseases. Dis Model Mech 9(3):235–244

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  2. Herman MM, Miquel J, Johnson M (1971) Insect brain as a model for the study of aging. Age-related changes in drosophila melanogaster. Acta Neuropathol 19(3):167–183

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Jackson GR et al (1998) Polyglutamine-expanded human huntingtin transgenes induce degeneration of Drosophila photoreceptor neurons. Neuron 21(3):633–642

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Finelli A et al (2004) A model for studying Alzheimer’s Abeta42-induced toxicity in Drosophila melanogaster. Mol Cell Neurosci 26(3):365–375

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Feany MB, Bender WW (2000) A drosophila model of Parkinson’s disease. Nature 404(6776):394–398

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Hales KG et al (2015) Genetics on the Fly: a primer on the Drosophila model system. Genetics 201(3):815–842

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  7. McGurk L, Berson A, Bonini NM (2015) Drosophila as an in vivo model for human neurodegenerative disease. Genetics 201(2):377–402

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  8. Wangler MF, Hu Y, Shulman JM (2017) Drosophila and genome-wide association studies: a review and resource for the functional dissection of human complex traits. Dis Model Mech 10(2):77–88

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  9. Jha SK et al (2017) Linking mitochondrial dysfunction, metabolic syndrome and stress signaling in Neurodegeneration. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol basis Dis 1863(5):1132–1146

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Zilberter Y, Zilberter M (2017) The vicious circle of hypometabolism in neurodegenerative diseases: ways and mechanisms of metabolic correction. J Neurosci Res 95(11):2217–2235

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Pierre G (2013) Neurodegenerative disorders and metabolic disease. Arch Dis Child 98(8):618–624

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Sambamoorthy G, Raman K (2018) Understanding the evolution of functional redundancy in metabolic networks. Bioinformatics 34(17):i981–i987

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  13. Mast FD et al (2011) A Drosophila model for the Zellweger spectrum of peroxisome biogenesis disorders. Dis Model Mech 4(5):659–672

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  14. Sivachenko A et al (2016) Neurodegeneration in a Drosophila model of adrenoleukodystrophy: the roles of the bubblegum and double bubble acyl-CoA synthetases. Dis Model Mech 9(4):377–387

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  15. Min KT, Benzer S (1999) Preventing neurodegeneration in the drosophila mutant bubblegum. Science 284(5422):1985–1988

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Gordon HB, Valdez L, Letsou A (2018) Etiology and treatment of adrenoleukodystrophy: new insights from Drosophila. Dis Model Mech 11(6):dmm031286

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Steinberg SJ et al (2000) Very long-chain acyl-CoA synthetases. Human "bubblegum" represents a new family of proteins capable of activating very long-chain fatty acids. J Biol Chem 275(45):35162–35169

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Brayne C, Miller B (2017) Dementia and aging populations-a global priority for contextualized research and health policy. PLoS Med 14(3):e1002275

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  19. Fulop T et al (2017) Immunosenescence and Inflamm-aging as two sides of the same coin: friends or foes? Front Immunol 8:1960

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Garschall K, Flatt T (2018) The interplay between immunity and aging in drosophila. F1000Res 7:160

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Kounatidis I et al (2017) NF-kappaB immunity in the brain determines Fly lifespan in healthy aging and age-related Neurodegeneration. Cell Rep 19(4):836–848

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  22. Li S, Yu X, Feng Q (2019) Fat body biology in the last decade. Annu Rev Entomol 64:315–333

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Matsuda S, Kitagishi Y, Kobayashi M (2013) Function and characteristics of PINK1 in mitochondria. Oxidative Med Cell Longev 2013:601587

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Riley BE et al (2013) Structure and function of Parkin E3 ubiquitin ligase reveals aspects of RING and HECT ligases. Nat Commun 4:1982

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Clark IE et al (2006) Drosophila pink1 is required for mitochondrial function and interacts genetically with parkin. Nature 441(7097):1162–1166

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Park J et al (2006) Mitochondrial dysfunction in Drosophila PINK1 mutants is complemented by parkin. Nature 441(7097):1157–1161

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Kim Y et al (2008) PINK1 controls mitochondrial localization of Parkin through direct phosphorylation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 377(3):975–980

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Wang C et al (2007) Drosophila overexpressing parkin R275W mutant exhibits dopaminergic neuron degeneration and mitochondrial abnormalities. J Neurosci 27(32):8563–8570

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  29. Lee JJ et al (2018) Basal mitophagy is widespread in Drosophila but minimally affected by loss of Pink1 or parkin. J Cell Biol 217(5):1613–1622

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  30. Julienne H et al (2017) Drosophila PINK1 and parkin loss-of-function mutants display a range of non-motor Parkinson’s disease phenotypes. Neurobiol Dis 104:15–23

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  31. De Lazzari F et al (2018) Circadian rhythm abnormalities in Parkinson’s disease from humans to flies and Back. Int J Mol Sci 19:12

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. St Johnston D (2002) The art and design of genetic screens: Drosophila melanogaster. Nat Rev Genet 3(3):176–188

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Burnouf S et al (2016) Deletion of endogenous Tau proteins is not detrimental in Drosophila. Sci Rep 6:23102

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  34. McInnes J et al (2018) Synaptogyrin-3 mediates presynaptic dysfunction induced by Tau. Neuron 97(4):823–835 e8

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Ray A, Speese SD, Logan MA (2017) Glial Draper rescues Abeta toxicity in a Drosophila model of Alzheimer’s disease. J Neurosci 37(49):11881–11893

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  36. Watson MR et al (2008) A drosophila model for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis reveals motor neuron damage by human SOD1. J Biol Chem 283(36):24972–24981

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  37. Ordonez DG, Lee MK, Feany MB (2018) Alpha-synuclein induces mitochondrial dysfunction through Spectrin and the actin cytoskeleton. Neuron 97(1):108–124 e6

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Olsen AL, Feany MB (2019) Glial alpha-synuclein promotes neurodegeneration characterized by a distinct transcriptional program in vivo. Glia 67(10):1933–1957

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  39. Freeman MR (2015) Drosophila central nervous system glia. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 7(11):a020552

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  40. White JG et al (1986) The structure of the nervous system of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Philos Trans R Soc Lond Ser B Biol Sci 314(1165):1–340

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Takemura SY et al (2017) The comprehensive connectome of a neural substrate for ‘ON’ motion detection in Drosophila. elife 6:e24394

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  42. Fu H, Hardy J, Duff KE (2018) Selective vulnerability in neurodegenerative diseases. Nat Neurosci 21(10):1350–1358

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  43. Ito K et al (2014) A systematic nomenclature for the insect brain. Neuron 81(4):755–765

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Strausfeld NJ, Hirth F (2013) Deep homology of arthropod central complex and vertebrate basal ganglia. Science 340(6129):157–161

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. St Pierre SE et al (2014) FlyBase 102--advanced approaches to interrogating FlyBase. Nucleic Acids Res 42(Database issue):D780–D788

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Waddell S (2010) Dopamine reveals neural circuit mechanisms of fly memory. Trends Neurosci 33(10):457–464

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  47. Thum AS, Gerber B (2019) Connectomics and function of a memory network: the mushroom body of larval Drosophila. Curr Opin Neurobiol 54:146–154

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Riemensperger T et al (2013) A single dopamine pathway underlies progressive locomotor deficits in a Drosophila model of Parkinson disease. Cell Rep 5(4):952–960

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Nagoshi E (2018) Drosophila models of sporadic Parkinson’s disease. Int J Mol Sci 19:11

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Rubin GM et al (2000) Comparative genomics of the eukaryotes. Science 287(5461):2204–2215

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  51. Bier E (2005) Drosophila, the golden bug, emerges as a tool for human genetics. Nat Rev Genet 6(1):9–23

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Adams MD et al (2000) The genome sequence of Drosophila melanogaster. Science 287(5461):2185–2195

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Greenspan RJ, Dierick HA (2004) ‘Am not I a fly like thee?’ from genes in fruit flies to behavior in humans. Hum Mol Genet 13(2):R267–R273

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Baek KH (1999) The first oncogene in Drosophila melanogaster. Mutat Res 436(2):131–136

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Nusslein-Volhard C, Wieschaus E (1980) Mutations affecting segment number and polarity in drosophila. Nature 287(5785):795–801

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Tataroglu O, Emery P (2014) Studying circadian rhythms in Drosophila melanogaster. Methods 68(1):140–150

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  57. Lemaitre B et al (1996) The dorsoventral regulatory gene cassette spatzle/toll/cactus controls the potent antifungal response in Drosophila adults. Cell 86(6):973–983

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Kleino A, Silverman N (2014) The Drosophila IMD pathway in the activation of the humoral immune response. Dev Comp Immunol 42(1):25–35

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Boutros M, Ahringer J (2008) The art and design of genetic screens: RNA interference. Nat Rev Genet 9(7):554–566

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Cook KR et al (2010) New research resources at the Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center. Fly (Austin) 4(1):88–91

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Ni JQ et al (2011) A genome-scale shRNA resource for transgenic RNAi in Drosophila. Nat Methods 8(5):405–407

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  62. Dietzl G et al (2007) A genome-wide transgenic RNAi library for conditional gene inactivation in drosophila. Nature 448(7150):151–156

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Drozd M, Bardoni B, Capovilla M, Modeling Fragile X (2018) Syndrome in Drosophila. Front Mol Neurosci 11:124

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Johnson SL et al (2019) Differential toxicity of ataxin-3 isoforms in drosophila models of Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3. Neurobiol Dis 132:104535

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  65. Brand AH, Perrimon N (1993) Targeted gene expression as a means of altering cell fates and generating dominant phenotypes. Development 118(2):401–415

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Jenett A et al (2012) A GAL4-driver line resource for Drosophila neurobiology. Cell Rep 2(4):991–1001

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  67. Pfeiffer BD et al (2008) Tools for neuroanatomy and neurogenetics in Drosophila. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105(28):9715–9720

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  68. Luan H et al (2006) Refined spatial manipulation of neuronal function by combinatorial restriction of transgene expression. Neuron 52(3):425–436

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  69. Auluck PK et al (2002) Chaperone suppression of alpha-synuclein toxicity in a Drosophila model for Parkinson’s disease. Science 295(5556):865–868

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Kim NC et al (2013) VCP is essential for mitochondrial quality control by PINK1/Parkin and this function is impaired by VCP mutations. Neuron 78(1):65–80

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  71. Li LB et al (2008) RNA toxicity is a component of ataxin-3 degeneration in Drosophila. Nature 453(7198):1107–1111

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  72. Kazemi-Esfarjani P, Benzer S (2000) Genetic suppression of polyglutamine toxicity in drosophila. Science 287(5459):1837–1840

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Madabattula ST et al (2015) Quantitative analysis of climbing defects in a Drosophila model of neurodegenerative disorders. J Vis Exp 100:e52741

    Google Scholar 

  74. del Valle Rodriguez A, Didiano D, Desplan C (2011) Power tools for gene expression and clonal analysis in Drosophila. Nat Methods 9(1):47–55

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Simpson JH, Looger LL (2018) Functional imaging and Optogenetics in Drosophila. Genetics 208(4):1291–1309

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  76. Nakai J, Ohkura M, Imoto K (2001) A high signal-to-noise Ca(2+) probe composed of a single green fluorescent protein. Nat Biotechnol 19(2):137–141

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Siegel MS, Isacoff EY (1997) A genetically encoded optical probe of membrane voltage. Neuron 19(4):735–741

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Feinberg EH et al (2008) GFP reconstitution across synaptic partners (GRASP) defines cell contacts and synapses in living nervous systems. Neuron 57(3):353–363

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Lee D et al (2017) Methods to investigate the structure and connectivity of the nervous system. Fly (Austin) 11(3):224–238

    Article  Google Scholar 

  80. Sun S, Yu R, Wang S (2017) A neural signature encoding decisions under perceptual ambiguity. eNeuro 4(6):ENEURO.0235-17.2017

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  81. Hwang RY et al (2007) Nociceptive neurons protect Drosophila larvae from parasitoid wasps. Curr Biol 17(24):2105–2116

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  82. Moser HW, Raymond GV, Dubey P (2005) Adrenoleukodystrophy: new approaches to a neurodegenerative disease. JAMA 294(24):3131–3134

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Mosser J et al (1993) Putative X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy gene shares unexpected homology with ABC transporters. Nature 361(6414):726–730

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Vasiliou V, Vasiliou K, Nebert DW (2009) Human ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter family. Hum Genomics 3(3):281–290

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  85. Morita M, Imanaka T (2012) Peroxisomal ABC transporters: structure, function and role in disease. Biochim Biophys Acta 1822(9):1387–1396

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Kobayashi T et al (1997) Adrenoleukodystrophy protein-deficient mice represent abnormality of very long chain fatty acid metabolism. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 232(3):631–636

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Forss-Petter S et al (1997) Targeted inactivation of the X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy gene in mice. J Neurosci Res 50(5):829–843

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Moser HW, SKD, Moser AB, In The metabolic and molecular bases of inherited disease, E. C. R. Scriver et al. 1995, McGraw-Hill,: New York. p. 2325–2349

    Google Scholar 

  89. Grevengoed TJ, Klett EL, Coleman RA (2014) Acyl-CoA metabolism and partitioning. Annu Rev Nutr 34:1–30

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  90. Meloni I et al (2002) FACL4, encoding fatty acid-CoA ligase 4, is mutated in nonspecific X-linked mental retardation. Nat Genet 30(4):436–440

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Liu Z et al (2011) Drosophila acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 regulates axonal transport of synaptic vesicles and is required for synaptic development and transmission. J Neurosci 31(6):2052–2063

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Golej DL et al (2011) Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 4 modulates prostaglandin E(2) release from human arterial smooth muscle cells. J Lipid Res 52(4):782–793

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  93. Dourlen P et al (2015) Fatty acid transport proteins in disease: new insights from invertebrate models. Prog Lipid Res 60:30–40

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Gordon HB, Letsou A, Bonkowsky JL (2014) The leukodystrophies. Semin Neurol 34(3):312–320

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. Wanders RJ et al (1998) X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy: improved prenatal diagnosis using both biochemical and immunological methods. J Inherit Metab Dis 21(3):285–287

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Jia Z et al (2004) X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy: role of very long-chain acyl-CoA synthetases. Mol Genet Metab 83(1-2):117–127

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  97. Fraisl P et al (2004) Murine bubblegum orthologue is a microsomal very long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase. Biochem J 377(1):85–93

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  98. Pei Z, Jia Z, Watkins PA (2006) The second member of the human and murine bubblegum family is a testis- and brainstem-specific acyl-CoA synthetase. J Biol Chem 281(10):6632–6641

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Sellin J et al (2018) Dietary rescue of lipotoxicity-induced mitochondrial damage in Peroxin19 mutants. PLoS Biol 16(6):e2004893

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Heinzer AK et al (2003) A very long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase-deficient mouse and its relevance to X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy. Hum Mol Genet 12(10):1145–1154

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  101. Wiesinger C et al (2013) Impaired very long-chain acyl-CoA beta-oxidation in human X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy fibroblasts is a direct consequence of ABCD1 transporter dysfunction. J Biol Chem 288(26):19269–19279

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

We would like to thank the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, the Dalhousie Medical Research Foundation and Research Nova Scotia, and the German Research Foundation (DFG) for supporting this work.

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Life & Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany

    Margret H. Bülow

  2. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada

    Brendon D. Parsons & Francesca Di Cara

Authors
  1. Margret H. Bülow
    View author publications

    Search author on:PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Brendon D. Parsons
    View author publications

    Search author on:PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Francesca Di Cara
    View author publications

    Search author on:PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Margret H. Bülow or Francesca Di Cara.

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Team ‘Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism’ EA 7270/University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté/Inserm, Dijon, France

    Gérard Lizard

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Bülow, M.H., Parsons, B.D., Di Cara, F. (2020). The Drosophila melanogaster as Genetic Model System to Dissect the Mechanisms of Disease that Lead to Neurodegeneration in Adrenoleukodystrophy. In: Lizard, G. (eds) Peroxisome Biology: Experimental Models, Peroxisomal Disorders and Neurological Diseases. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1299. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60204-8_11

Download citation

Keywords

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Profiles

  1. Brendon D. Parsons View author profile
  2. Francesca Di Cara View author profile