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��< h e a d ��> ��< s c r i p t s r c = " / / a r c h i v e . o r g / i n c l u d e s / a t h e n a . j s " t y p e = " t e x t / j a v a s c r i p t " > < / s c r i p t >
< s c r i p t t y p e = " t e x t / j a v a s c r i p t " > w i n d o w . a d d E v e n t L i s t e n e r ( ' D O M C o n t e n t L o a d e d ' , f u n c t i o n ( ) { v a r v = a r c h i v e _ a n a l y t i c s . v a l u e s ; v . s e r v i c e = ' w b ' ; v . s e r v e r _ n a m e = ' ��w w w b - a p p 2 5 8 . u s . a r c h i v e . o r g ��' ; v . s e r v e r _ m s = ��7 0 9 ��; a r c h i v e _ a n a l y t i c s . s e n d _ p a g e v i e w ( { } ) ; } ) ; < / s c r i p t >
��< s c r i p t t y p e = " t e x t / j a v a s c r i p t " s r c = " h t t p s : / / w e b - s t a t i c . a r c h i v e . o r g / _ s t a t i c / j s / b u n d l e - p l a y b a c k . j s ? v = o Z 5 7 V l Y l " c h a r s e t = " u t f - 8 " > < / s c r i p t >
< s c r i p t t y p e = " t e x t / j a v a s c r i p t " s r c = " h t t p s : / / w e b - s t a t i c . a r c h i v e . o r g / _ s t a t i c / j s / w o m b a t . j s ? v = t x q j 7 n K C " c h a r s e t = " u t f - 8 " > < / s c r i p t > ��
��< s c r i p t > w i n d o w . R u f f l e P l a y e r = w i n d o w . R u f f l e P l a y e r | | { } ; w i n d o w . R u f f l e P l a y e r . c o n f i g = { " a u t o p l a y " : " o n " , " u n m u t e O v e r l a y " : " h i d d e n " , " s h o w S w f D o w n l o a d " : t r u e } ; < / s c r i p t >
< s c r i p t t y p e = " t e x t / j a v a s c r i p t " s r c = " ��h t t p s : / / w e b - s t a t i c . a r c h i v e . o r g / _ s t a t i c / ��j s / r u f f l e / r u f f l e . j s " > < / s c r i p t >
��< s c r i p t t y p e = " t e x t / j a v a s c r i p t " >
�� _ _ w m . i n i t ( ��" h t t p s : / / w e b . a r c h i v e . o r g / w e b " ��) ;
_ _ w m . w o m b a t ( ��" h t t p : / / w w w . p r o m a c e d o n i a . o r g / e n / s r / s r _ a p p 9 . h t m " ��, ��" 2 0 1 5 0 9 2 4 1 2 0 0 5 0 " ��, ��" h t t p s : / / w e b . a r c h i v e . o r g / " ��, ��" w e b " ��, ��" h t t p s : / / w e b - s t a t i c . a r c h i v e . o r g / _ s t a t i c / " ��,
" ��1 4 4 3 0 9 6 0 5 0 ��" ) ;
< / s c r i p t >
��< l i n k r e l = " s t y l e s h e e t " t y p e = " t e x t / c s s " h r e f = " h t t p s : / / w e b - s t a t i c . a r c h i v e . o r g / _ s t a t i c / c s s / b a n n e r - s t y l e s . c s s ? v = 1 u t Q k b B 3 " / >
< l i n k r e l = " s t y l e s h e e t " t y p e = " t e x t / c s s " h r e f = " h t t p s : / / w e b - s t a t i c . a r c h i v e . o r g / _ s t a t i c / c s s / i c o n o c h i v e . c s s ? v = 3 P D v d I F v " / > ��
��< ! - - E n d W a y b a c k R e w r i t e J S I n c l u d e - - >
��
��< m e t a �� ��h t t p - e q u i v = " C o n t e n t - L a n g u a g e " �� ��c o n t e n t = " e n - g b " ��> ��
��< m e t a �� ��n a m e = " G E N E R A T O R " �� ��c o n t e n t = " M i c r o s o f t F r o n t P a g e 5 . 0 " ��> ��
��< m e t a �� ��n a m e = " P r o g I d " �� ��c o n t e n t = " F r o n t P a g e . E d i t o r . D o c u m e n t " ��> ��
��< m e t a �� ��h t t p - e q u i v = " C o n t e n t - T y p e " �� ��c o n t e n t = " t e x t / h t m l ; c h a r s e t = u n i c o d e " ��> ��
��< t i t l e ��> ��S . R u n c i m a n - A h i s t o r y o f t h e F i r s t B u l g a r i a n e m p i r e - A p p e n d i x 9
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��< s t y l e ��> ��
< ! - -
p . M s o P l a i n T e x t
{ m a r g i n - b o t t o m : . 0 0 0 1 p t ;
f o n t - s i z e : 1 0 . 0 p t ;
f o n t - f a m i l y : " C o u r i e r N e w " ;
m a r g i n - l e f t : 0 p t ; m a r g i n - r i g h t : 0 p t ; m a r g i n - t o p : 0 p t }
- - >
��< / s t y l e > ��
��< / h e a d > ��
��< b o d y ��> ��< ! - - B E G I N W A Y B A C K T O O L B A R I N S E R T - - >
��< s c r i p t > _ _ w m . r w ( 0 ) ; < / s c r i p t >
< d i v i d = " w m - i p p - b a s e " l a n g = " e n " s t y l e = " d i s p l a y : n o n e ; d i r e c t i o n : l t r ; " t o o l b a r - m o d e = " ��a u t o ��" >
< d i v i d = " w m - i p p " s t y l e = " p o s i t i o n : f i x e d ; l e f t : 0 ; t o p : 0 ; r i g h t : 0 ; " >
��< d i v i d = " d o n a t o " s t y l e = " p o s i t i o n : r e l a t i v e ; w i d t h : 1 0 0 % ; h e i g h t : 0 ; " >
< d i v i d = " d o n a t o - b a s e " >
< i f r a m e i d = " d o n a t o - i f " s r c = " ��h t t p s : / / a r c h i v e . o r g / i n c l u d e s / d o n a t e . p h p ? a s _ p a g e = 1 & a m p ; p l a t f o r m = w b & a m p ; r e f e r e r = h t t p s % 3 A / / w e b . a r c h i v e . o r g / w e b / 2 0 1 5 0 9 2 4 1 2 0 0 5 0 / h t t p % 3 A / / w w w . p r o m a c e d o n i a . o r g / e n / s r / s r _ a p p 9 . h t m ��"
s c r o l l i n g = " n o " f r a m e b o r d e r = " 0 " s t y l e = " w i d t h : 1 0 0 % ; h e i g h t : 1 0 0 % " >
< / i f r a m e >
< / d i v >
< / d i v > ��< d i v i d = " w m - i p p - i n s i d e " >
< d i v i d = " w m - t o o l b a r " s t y l e = " p o s i t i o n : r e l a t i v e ; d i s p l a y : f l e x ; f l e x - f l o w : r o w n o w r a p ; j u s t i f y - c o n t e n t : s p a c e - b e t w e e n ; " �� n a v = " a s y n c " ��>
< d i v i d = " w m - l o g o " s t y l e = " / * w i d t h : 1 1 0 p x ; * / p a d d i n g - t o p : 1 2 p x ; " >
< a h r e f = " / w e b / " t i t l e = " W a y b a c k M a c h i n e h o m e p a g e " > < i m g s r c = " ��h t t p s : / / w e b - s t a t i c . a r c h i v e . o r g / _ s t a t i c / ��i m a g e s / t o o l b a r / w a y b a c k - t o o l b a r - l o g o - 2 0 0 . p n g " s r c s e t = " ��h t t p s : / / w e b - s t a t i c . a r c h i v e . o r g / _ s t a t i c / ��i m a g e s / t o o l b a r / w a y b a c k - t o o l b a r - l o g o - 1 0 0 . p n g , ��h t t p s : / / w e b - s t a t i c . a r c h i v e . o r g / _ s t a t i c / ��i m a g e s / t o o l b a r / w a y b a c k - t o o l b a r - l o g o - 1 5 0 . p n g 1 . 5 x , ��h t t p s : / / w e b - s t a t i c . a r c h i v e . o r g / _ s t a t i c / ��i m a g e s / t o o l b a r / w a y b a c k - t o o l b a r - l o g o - 2 0 0 . p n g 2 x " a l t = " W a y b a c k M a c h i n e " s t y l e = " w i d t h : 1 0 0 p x " b o r d e r = " 0 " / > < / a >
< / d i v >
< d i v c l a s s = " c " s t y l e = " d i s p l a y : f l e x ; f l e x - f l o w : c o l u m n n o w r a p ; j u s t i f y - c o n t e n t : s p a c e - b e t w e e n ; f l e x : 1 ; " >
< f o r m c l a s s = " u " s t y l e = " d i s p l a y : f l e x ; f l e x - d i r e c t i o n : r o w ; f l e x - w r a p : n o w r a p ; " t a r g e t = " _ t o p " m e t h o d = " g e t " a c t i o n = " / w e b / s u b m i t " n a m e = " w m t b " i d = " w m t b " > < i n p u t t y p e = " t e x t " n a m e = " u r l " i d = " w m t b U R L " v a l u e = " ��h t t p : / / w w w . p r o m a c e d o n i a . o r g / e n / s r / s r _ a p p 9 . h t m ��" o n f o c u s = " t h i s . f o c u s ( ) ; t h i s . s e l e c t ( ) ; " s t y l e = " f l e x : 1 ; " / > < i n p u t t y p e = " h i d d e n " n a m e = " t y p e " v a l u e = " r e p l a y " / > < i n p u t t y p e = " h i d d e n " n a m e = " d a t e " v a l u e = " ��2 0 1 5 0 9 2 4 1 2 0 0 5 0 ��" / > < i n p u t t y p e = " s u b m i t " v a l u e = " G o " / >
< / f o r m >
< d i v s t y l e = " d i s p l a y : f l e x ; f l e x - f l o w : r o w n o w r a p ; a l i g n - i t e m s : f l e x - e n d ; " >
�� < d i v c l a s s = " s " i d = " w m - n a v - c a p t u r e s " s t y l e = " f l e x : 1 ; " >
�� < a c l a s s = " t " h r e f = " ��/ w e b / 2 0 1 5 0 9 2 4 1 2 0 0 5 0 * / h t t p : / / w w w . p r o m a c e d o n i a . o r g / e n / s r / s r _ a p p 9 . h t m ��" t i t l e = " S e e a l i s t o f e v e r y c a p t u r e f o r t h i s U R L " > ��4 2 �� ��c a p t u r e s ��< / a >
��< d i v c l a s s = " r " t i t l e = " T i m e s p a n f o r c a p t u r e s o f t h i s U R L " > ��0 1 M a r 2 0 0 8 �� - ��2 3 N o v 2 0 2 5 ��< / d i v >
��< / d i v >
< d i v c l a s s = " k " >
< a h r e f = " " i d = " w m - g r a p h - a n c h o r " >
< d i v i d = " w m - i p p - s p a r k l i n e " t i t l e = " E x p l o r e c a p t u r e s f o r t h i s U R L " s t y l e = " p o s i t i o n : r e l a t i v e " >
< c a n v a s i d = " w m - s p a r k l i n e - c a n v a s " w i d t h = " ��7 7 5 ��" h e i g h t = " ��2 7 ��" b o r d e r = " 0 " > < / c a n v a s >
< / d i v >
< / a >
< / d i v >
< / d i v >
< / d i v >
< d i v c l a s s = " n " >
< t a b l e >
< t b o d y >
< ! - - N E X T / P R E V M O N T H N A V A N D M O N T H I N D I C A T O R - - >
< t r c l a s s = " m " >
< t d c l a s s = " b " n o w r a p = " n o w r a p " > ��A u g ��< / t d >
< t d c l a s s = " c " i d = " d i s p l a y M o n t h E l " t i t l e = " Y o u a r e h e r e : ��1 2 : 0 0 : 5 0 S e p 2 4 , 2 0 1 5 ��" > ��S E P ��< / t d >
< t d c l a s s = " f " n o w r a p = " n o w r a p " > ��O c t ��< / t d >
< / t r >
< ! - - N E X T / P R E V C A P T U R E N A V A N D D A Y O F M O N T H I N D I C A T O R - - >
< t r c l a s s = " d " >
< t d c l a s s = " b " n o w r a p = " n o w r a p " > ��< s p a n c l a s s = " t a " > < / s p a n > ��< / t d >
< t d c l a s s = " c " i d = " d i s p l a y D a y E l " s t y l e = " w i d t h : 3 4 p x ; f o n t - s i z e : 2 2 p x ; w h i t e - s p a c e : n o w r a p ; " t i t l e = " Y o u a r e h e r e : ��1 2 : 0 0 : 5 0 S e p 2 4 , 2 0 1 5 ��" > ��2 4 ��< / t d >
< t d c l a s s = " f " n o w r a p = " n o w r a p " > ��< s p a n c l a s s = " t a " > < / s p a n > ��< / t d >
< / t r >
< ! - - N E X T / P R E V Y E A R N A V A N D Y E A R I N D I C A T O R - - >
< t r c l a s s = " y " >
< t d c l a s s = " b " n o w r a p = " n o w r a p " > ��2 0 1 4 ��< / t d >
< t d c l a s s = " c " i d = " d i s p l a y Y e a r E l " t i t l e = " Y o u a r e h e r e : ��1 2 : 0 0 : 5 0 S e p 2 4 , 2 0 1 5 ��" > ��2 0 1 5 ��< / t d >
< t d c l a s s = " f " n o w r a p = " n o w r a p " > ��2 0 1 6 ��< / t d >
< / t r >
< / t b o d y >
< / t a b l e >
< / d i v >
< d i v c l a s s = " r " s t y l e = " d i s p l a y : f l e x ; f l e x - f l o w : c o l u m n n o w r a p ; a l i g n - i t e m s : f l e x - e n d ; j u s t i f y - c o n t e n t : s p a c e - b e t w e e n ; " >
< d i v i d = " w m - b t n s " s t y l e = " t e x t - a l i g n : r i g h t ; h e i g h t : 2 3 p x ; " >
�� < s p a n c l a s s = " x x s " >
< d i v i d = " w m - s a v e - s n a p s h o t - s u c c e s s " > s u c c e s s < / d i v >
< d i v i d = " w m - s a v e - s n a p s h o t - f a i l " > f a i l < / d i v >
< a i d = " w m - s a v e - s n a p s h o t - o p e n " h r e f = " # " t i t l e = " S h a r e v i a M y W e b A r c h i v e " >
< s p a n c l a s s = " i c o n o c h i v e - w e b " > < / s p a n >
< / a >
< a h r e f = " h t t p s : / / a r c h i v e . o r g / a c c o u n t / l o g i n . p h p " t i t l e = " S i g n I n " i d = " w m - s i g n - i n " >
< s p a n c l a s s = " i c o n o c h i v e - p e r s o n " > < / s p a n >
< / a >
< s p a n i d = " w m - s a v e - s n a p s h o t - i n - p r o g r e s s " c l a s s = " i c o n o c h i v e - w e b " > < / s p a n >
< / s p a n >
�� < a c l a s s = " x x s " h r e f = " h t t p s : / / h e l p . a r c h i v e . o r g / h e l p / c a t e g o r y / t h e - w a y b a c k - m a c h i n e / " t i t l e = " G e t s o m e h e l p u s i n g t h e W a y b a c k M a c h i n e " s t y l e = " t o p : - 6 p x ; " > < s p a n c l a s s = " i c o n o c h i v e - q u e s t i o n " s t y l e = " c o l o r : r g b ( 8 7 , 1 8 6 , 2 4 4 ) ; f o n t - s i z e : 1 6 0 % ; " > < / s p a n > < / a >
< a i d = " w m - t b - c l o s e " h r e f = " # c l o s e " s t y l e = " t o p : - 2 p x ; " t i t l e = " C l o s e t h e t o o l b a r " > < s p a n c l a s s = " i c o n o c h i v e - r e m o v e - c i r c l e " s t y l e = " c o l o r : # 8 8 8 8 8 8 ; f o n t - s i z e : 2 4 0 % ; " > < / s p a n > < / a >
< / d i v >
��< d i v i d = " w m - s h a r e " c l a s s = " x x s " >
< a h r e f = " / w e b / ��2 0 1 5 0 9 2 4 1 2 0 0 5 0 ��/ h t t p : / / w e b . a r c h i v e . o r g / s c r e e n s h o t / ��h t t p : / / w w w . p r o m a c e d o n i a . o r g / e n / s r / s r _ a p p 9 . h t m ��"
i d = " w m - s c r e e n s h o t "
t i t l e = " s c r e e n s h o t " >
< s p a n c l a s s = " w m - i c o n - s c r e e n - s h o t " > < / s p a n >
< / a >
< a h r e f = " # " i d = " w m - v i d e o " t i t l e = " v i d e o " >
< s p a n c l a s s = " i c o n o c h i v e - m o v i e s " > < / s p a n >
< / a >
< a i d = " w m - s h a r e - f a c e b o o k " h r e f = " # " d a t a - u r l = " ��h t t p s : / / w e b . a r c h i v e . o r g / w e b / 2 0 1 5 0 9 2 4 1 2 0 0 5 0 / h t t p : / / w w w . p r o m a c e d o n i a . o r g / e n / s r / s r _ a p p 9 . h t m ��" t i t l e = " S h a r e o n F a c e b o o k " s t y l e = " m a r g i n - r i g h t : 5 p x ; " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > < s p a n c l a s s = " i c o n o c h i v e - f a c e b o o k " s t y l e = " c o l o r : # 3 b 5 9 9 8 ; f o n t - s i z e : 1 6 0 % ; " > < / s p a n > < / a >
< a i d = " w m - s h a r e - t w i t t e r " h r e f = " # " d a t a - u r l = " ��h t t p s : / / w e b . a r c h i v e . o r g / w e b / 2 0 1 5 0 9 2 4 1 2 0 0 5 0 / h t t p : / / w w w . p r o m a c e d o n i a . o r g / e n / s r / s r _ a p p 9 . h t m ��" t i t l e = " S h a r e o n T w i t t e r " s t y l e = " m a r g i n - r i g h t : 5 p x ; " t a r g e t = " _ b l a n k " > < s p a n c l a s s = " i c o n o c h i v e - t w i t t e r " s t y l e = " c o l o r : # 1 d c a f f ; f o n t - s i z e : 1 6 0 % ; " > < / s p a n > < / a >
< / d i v >
< d i v s t y l e = " p a d d i n g - r i g h t : 2 p x ; t e x t - a l i g n : r i g h t ; w h i t e - s p a c e : n o w r a p ; " >
< a i d = " w m - e x p a n d " c l a s s = " w m - b t n w m - c l o s e d " h r e f = " # e x p a n d " > < s p a n i d = " w m - e x p a n d - i c o n " c l a s s = " i c o n o c h i v e - d o w n - s o l i d " > < / s p a n > < s p a n c l a s s = " x x s " s t y l e = " f o n t - s i z e : 8 0 % ; " > A b o u t t h i s c a p t u r e < / s p a n > < / a >
< / d i v >
< / d i v >
< / d i v >
�� < d i v i d = " w m - c a p i n f o " s t y l e = " b o r d e r - t o p : 1 p x s o l i d # 7 7 7 ; d i s p l a y : n o n e ; o v e r f l o w : h i d d e n " >
�� < d i v i d = " w m - c a p i n f o - n o t i c e " s o u r c e = " a p i " ����> < / d i v >
�� �� �� < d i v i d = " w m - c a p i n f o - c o l l e c t e d - b y " >
< d i v s t y l e = " b a c k g r o u n d - c o l o r : # 6 6 6 ; c o l o r : # f f f ; f o n t - w e i g h t : b o l d ; t e x t - a l i g n : c e n t e r ; p a d d i n g : 2 p x 0 ; " > C O L L E C T E D B Y < / d i v >
< d i v s t y l e = " p a d d i n g : 3 p x ; p o s i t i o n : r e l a t i v e " i d = " w m - c o l l e c t e d - b y - c o n t e n t " >
��< d i v s t y l e = " d i s p l a y : i n l i n e - b l o c k ; v e r t i c a l - a l i g n : t o p ; w i d t h : 4 9 % ; " >
�� �� < s p a n c l a s s = " c - l o g o " s t y l e = " b a c k g r o u n d - i m a g e : u r l ( ��h t t p s : / / a r c h i v e . o r g / s e r v i c e s / i m g / w e b _ d o m a i n _ t e s t s ��) " > < / s p a n >
�� < d i v > C o l l e c t i o n : < a s t y l e = " c o l o r : # 3 3 f ; " h r e f = " ��h t t p s : / / a r c h i v e . o r g / d e t a i l s / w e b _ d o m a i n _ t e s t s ��" t a r g e t = " _ n e w " > < s p a n c l a s s = " w m - t i t l e " > ��w e b _ d o m a i n _ t e s t s ��< / s p a n > < / a > < / d i v >
�� < d i v s t y l e = " m a x - h e i g h t : 7 5 p x ; o v e r f l o w : h i d d e n ; p o s i t i o n : r e l a t i v e ; " >
< d i v s t y l e = " p o s i t i o n : a b s o l u t e ; t o p : 0 ; l e f t : 0 ; w i d t h : 1 0 0 % ; h e i g h t : 7 5 p x ; b a c k g r o u n d : l i n e a r - g r a d i e n t ( t o b o t t o m , r g b a ( 2 5 5 , 2 5 5 , 2 5 5 , 0 ) 0 % , r g b a ( 2 5 5 , 2 5 5 , 2 5 5 , 0 ) 9 0 % , r g b a ( 2 5 5 , 2 5 5 , 2 5 5 , 2 5 5 ) 1 0 0 % ) ; " > < / d i v >
��W A R C s f r o m i n t e r n a l c r a w l t e s t i n g . ��
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��< d i v i d = " w m - c a p i n f o - t i m e s t a m p s " >
< d i v s t y l e = " b a c k g r o u n d - c o l o r : # 6 6 6 ; c o l o r : # f f f ; f o n t - w e i g h t : b o l d ; t e x t - a l i g n : c e n t e r ; p a d d i n g : 2 p x 0 ; " t i t l e = " T i m e s t a m p s f o r t h e e l e m e n t s o f t h i s p a g e " > T I M E S T A M P S < / d i v >
< d i v >
< d i v i d = " w m - c a p r e s o u r c e s " s t y l e = " m a r g i n : 0 5 p x 5 p x 5 p x ; m a x - h e i g h t : 2 5 0 p x ; o v e r f l o w - y : s c r o l l ! i m p o r t a n t " > < / d i v >
< d i v i d = " w m - c a p r e s o u r c e s - l o a d i n g " s t y l e = " t e x t - a l i g n : l e f t ; m a r g i n : 0 2 0 p x 5 p x 5 p x ; d i s p l a y : n o n e " > < i m g s r c = " ��h t t p s : / / w e b - s t a t i c . a r c h i v e . o r g / _ s t a t i c / ��i m a g e s / l o a d i n g . g i f " a l t = " l o a d i n g " / > < / d i v >
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< / d i v > ��< / d i v > < / d i v > < / d i v > < d i v i d = " w m - i p p - p r i n t " > T h e W a y b a c k M a c h i n e - ��h t t p s : / / w e b . a r c h i v e . o r g / w e b / 2 0 1 5 0 9 2 4 1 2 0 0 5 0 / h t t p : / / w w w . p r o m a c e d o n i a . o r g / e n / s r / s r _ a p p 9 . h t m ��< / d i v >
< s c r i p t t y p e = " t e x t / j a v a s c r i p t " > / / < ! [ C D A T A [
��_ _ w m . b t ( ��7 7 5 ��, ��2 7 ��, ��2 5 ��, ��2 ��, " ��w e b ��" , ��" h t t p : / / w w w . p r o m a c e d o n i a . o r g / e n / s r / s r _ a p p 9 . h t m " ��, ��" 2 0 1 5 0 9 2 4 1 2 0 0 5 0 " ��, ��1 9 9 6 ��, ��" h t t p s : / / w e b - s t a t i c . a r c h i v e . o r g / _ s t a t i c / " ��, [ ��" h t t p s : / / w e b - s t a t i c . a r c h i v e . o r g / _ s t a t i c / c s s / b a n n e r - s t y l e s . c s s ? v = 1 u t Q k b B 3 " ��, ��" h t t p s : / / w e b - s t a t i c . a r c h i v e . o r g / _ s t a t i c / c s s / i c o n o c h i v e . c s s ? v = 3 P D v d I F v " ��] , ��f a l s e ��) ;
_ _ w m . r w ( 1 ) ;
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h i s t o r y o f t h e F i r s t B u l g a r i a n E m p i r e ��< / f o n t > ��< / s p a n > ��< / p > ��
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��< f o n t �� ��s i z e = " 3 " ��> ��& n b s p ; ��< / f o n t > ��< / s p a n > ��< / p > ��
��< p �� ��c l a s s = " M s o P l a i n T e x t " ��> ��
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T h e C y r i l l i c a n d G l a g o l i t i c a l p h a b e t s ��< / f o n t > ��< / s p a n > ��< / p > ��
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��< f o n t �� ��s i z e = " 3 " ��> ��T h e e a r l i e s t S l a v o n i c M S S . w e r e n o t a l l w r i t t e n i n o n e
a l p h a b e t ; b u t s o m e e m p l o y e d t h e C y r i l l i c a l p h a b e t , o n w h i c h a l l t h e a l p h a b e t s
o f t h e o r t h o d o x S l a v s t o - d a y a r e b a s e d , a n d o t h e r s a m o r e c o m p l i c a t e d s c r i p t
k n o w n a s G l a g o l i t i c , n o w o n l y s u r v i v i n g i n a f e w o u t - o f - t h e - w a y v i l l a g e s i n
C r o a t i a . T h e q u e s t i o n h a s o f t e n b e e n r a i s e d a s t o w h i c h w a s t h e e a r l i e r a n d
w h i c h w a s S a i n t C y r i l s w o r k . ��< / f o n t > ��< / s p a n > ��< / p > ��
��< p �� ��c l a s s = " M s o P l a i n T e x t " ��> ��< s p a n �� ��s t y l e = " f o n t - f a m i l y : P a l a t i n o L i n o t y p e " ��> ��
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��< p �� ��c l a s s = " M s o P l a i n T e x t " ��> ��< s p a n �� ��s t y l e = " f o n t - f a m i l y : P a l a t i n o L i n o t y p e " ��> ��
��< f o n t �� ��s i z e = " 3 " ��> ��P r o f e s s o r M i n n s h a s s h o w n ��< a �� ��h r e f = " # 2 9 7 _ 1 . " ��> ��[ 1 ] ��< / a > �� t h a t S a i n t
C y r i l , f r o m a a p u n t h a t h e m a d e o n a m i s p r i n t i n t h e H e b r e w v e r s i o n o f
I s a i a h , m u s t h a v e k n o w n H e b r e w S n o j s p r e v i o u s a t t e m p t t o p r o v e t h a t h e k n e w
C o p t i c m u s t b e a c c o u n t e d f a i l u r e . ��< a �� ��h r e f = " # 2 9 7 _ 2 . " ��> ��[ 2 ] ��< / a > �� I f h e k n e w H e b r e w
i t i s e a s y t o u n d e r s t a n d f r o m w h a t s o u r c e t h e C y r i l l i c l e t t e r s w e r e f r a m e d ,
f o r w h i c h t h e G r e e k a l p h a b e t w a s o f n o u s e : t h e s o l e e x c e p t i o n s a r e a f e w
v o w e l s o u n d s w h i c h b e a r t h e a i r o f a n a r b i t r a r y i n v e n t i o n . I t s e e m s ,
t h e r e f o r e , u n r e a s o n a b l e t o ��< / f o n t > ��< / s p a n > ��< / p > ��
��< p �� ��c l a s s = " M s o P l a i n T e x t " ��> ��< s p a n �� ��s t y l e = " f o n t - f a m i l y : P a l a t i n o L i n o t y p e " ��> ��
��< f o n t �� ��s i z e = " 2 " ��> ��& n b s p ; ��< / f o n t > ��< / s p a n > ��< / p > ��
��< p �� ��c l a s s = " M s o P l a i n T e x t " ��> ��< s p a n �� ��s t y l e = " f o n t - f a m i l y : P a l a t i n o L i n o t y p e " ��> ��
��< f o n t �� ��s i z e = " 2 " ��> ��& n b s p ; ��< / f o n t > ��< / s p a n > ��< / p > ��
��< p �� ��c l a s s = " M s o P l a i n T e x t " ��> ��< s p a n �� ��s t y l e = " f o n t - f a m i l y : P a l a t i n o L i n o t y p e " ��> ��
��< f o n t �� ��s i z e = " 2 " ��> ��< b ��> ��< a �� ��n a m e = " 2 9 7 _ 1 . " ��> ��1 . ��< / a > ��< / b > ��M i n n s , ��< i ��> ��S a i n t C y r i l R e a l l y
K n e w H e b r e w , p a s s i m ��< / i > ��. ��< / f o n t > ��< / s p a n > ��< / p > ��
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��< f o n t �� ��s i z e = " 2 " ��> ��< b ��> ��< a �� ��n a m e = " 2 9 7 _ 2 . " ��> ��2 . ��< / a > ��< / b > ��S n o j , ��< i ��> ��S t a r o s l o v e n s k i M a t e j e v
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��< p �� ��c l a s s = " M s o P l a i n T e x t " ��> ��< s p a n �� ��s t y l e = " f o n t - f a m i l y : P a l a t i n o L i n o t y p e " ��> ��
��< f o n t �� ��s i z e = " 2 " ��> ��& n b s p ; ��< / f o n t > ��< / s p a n > ��< / p > ��
��< p �� ��c l a s s = " M s o P l a i n T e x t " ��> ��< s p a n �� ��s t y l e = " f o n t - f a m i l y : P a l a t i n o L i n o t y p e " ��> ��
��< f o n t �� ��s i z e = " 3 " ��> ��& n b s p ; ��< i m g �� ��b o r d e r = " 0 " �� ��s r c = " / w e b / 2 0 1 5 0 9 2 4 1 2 0 0 5 0 i m _ / h t t p : / / w w w . p r o m a c e d o n i a . o r g / e n / s r / l i n e _ d o w n . g i f " �� ��w i d t h = " 5 9 6 " �� ��h e i g h t = " 1 8 " ��> ��< / f o n t > ��< / s p a n > ��< / p > ��
��< p �� ��c l a s s = " M s o P l a i n T e x t " ��> ��< s p a n �� ��s t y l e = " f o n t - f a m i l y : P a l a t i n o L i n o t y p e " ��> ��
��< f o n t �� ��s i z e = " 2 " ��> ��2 9 8 ��< / f o n t > ��< / s p a n > ��< / p > ��
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��< f o n t �� ��s i z e = " 3 " ��> ��s u p p o s e t h a t C y r i l d i d n o t i n v e n t C y r i l l i c . B u t t h e w h o l e
q u e s t i o n h a s b e e n b e f o g g e d b y t h e a s s u m p t i o n , b a s e d c h i e f l y o n p a l i m p s e s t s ,
t h a t G l a g o l i t i c m u s t h a v e b e e n m a d e b e f o r e C y r i l l i c , a n d b y a n e a r n e s t a n d
s o m e w h a t u n c a l l e d - f o r l o n g i n g t o m a k e i t a d e v e l o p m e n t o u t o f G r e e k o r L a t i n
o r R u n i c ��< a �� ��h r e f = " # 2 9 8 _ 1 . " ��> ��[ 1 ] ��< / a > �� a n y t h i n g e x c e p t a d e f i n i t e l y a n d
a r b i t r a r i l y c r e a t e d a l p h a b e t . T h e p r i o r i t y o f G l a g o l i t i c h a s b e e n a l s o
m a i n t a i n e d b e c a u s e o f a p a s s a g e i n a M S . l i f e o f S a i n t C l e m e n t ,
��< a �� ��h r e f = " # 2 9 8 _ 2 . " ��> ��[ 2 ] ��< / a > �� w h i c h s a i d t h a t C l e m e n t i n v e n t e d a n a l p h a b e t
d i f f e r e n t t o S a i n t C y r i l s C l e m e n t t h e r e f o r e i n v e n t e d C y r i l l i c , i t w a s s a i d .
B u t t h e a u t h e n t i c i t y o f t h i s p a s s a g e i s h i g h l y s u s p e c t . ��< / f o n t > ��< / s p a n > ��< / p > ��
��< p �� ��c l a s s = " M s o P l a i n T e x t " ��> ��< s p a n �� ��s t y l e = " f o n t - f a m i l y : P a l a t i n o L i n o t y p e " ��> ��
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��< p �� ��c l a s s = " M s o P l a i n T e x t " ��> ��< s p a n �� ��s t y l e = " f o n t - f a m i l y : P a l a t i n o L i n o t y p e " ��> ��
��< f o n t �� ��s i z e = " 3 " ��> ��W e m u s t c o n s i d e r t h e h i s t o r i c a l e v i d e n c e . W h e n t h e M o r a v i a n s
a s k e d f o r a t e a c h e r , t h e E m p e r o r s e n t o f f C y r i l , a f t e r a n i n f i n i t e s i m a l
i n t e r v a l d u r i n g w h i c h t h e s a i n t a p p a r e n t l y t r a n s l a t e d o n e o f t h e G o s p e l s a n d
m a d e a l e c t i o n a r y , b e s i d e s i n v e n t i n g t h e a l p h a b e t . B u t C y r i l s v e r s i o n o f t h e
B i b l e i s w r i t t e n , i t i s n o w u n i v e r s a l l y a g r e e d , i n t h e d i a l e c t o f t h e
M a c e d o n i a n S l a v s , a n d b o t h a l p h a b e t s , C y r i l l i c a n d G l a g o l i t i c , a r e a d a p t e d t o
s u i t t h a t d i a l e c t . T h e o n l y p o s s i b l e c o n c l u s i o n t h a t c a n b e d r a w n i s t h a t
C y r i l , w h o w a s a n e n t e r p r i s i n g p h i l o l o g i s t , h a d a l r e a d y b e e n e x p e r i m e n t i n g
w i t h t h e S l a v o n i c l a n g u a g e i n u s e r o u n d h i s h o m e a t T h e s s a l o n i c a , a n d h a d
e v o l v e d t h e C y r i l l i c a l p h a b e t f o r i t . W h e n h e a r r i v e d i n M o r a v i a , h e f o u n d
t h a t a n a l p h a b e t s o c l o s e l y a k i n t o G r e e k m e t w i t h p o w e r f u l o p p o s i t i o n ; s o h e
d i s g u i s e d i t , r e v e r s i n g m o s t o f t h e G r e e k l e t t e r s , b u t r e t a i n i n g m o s t o f h i s
i n v e n t e d l e t t e r s , a n d h e t i d i e d i t u p i n t o a v a g u e u n i f o r m i t y w i t h a f r e e u s e
o f l o o p s . ��< a �� ��h r e f = " # 2 9 8 _ 3 . " ��> ��[ 3 ] ��< / a > �� F r o m t h i s i t s e e m s l i k e l y t h a t t h e ��< / f o n t > ��< / s p a n > ��< / p > ��
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c u r s i v e G r e e k , W e s s e l y ( ��< i ��> ��G l a g o l i t i s c h - L a t e i n i s c h e S t u d i e n ��< / i > ��) f r o m c u r s i v e
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h i s t o r i c a l l y i m p o s s i b l e . ��< / f o n t > ��< / s p a n > ��< / p > ��
��< p �� ��c l a s s = " M s o P l a i n T e x t " ��> ��< s p a n �� ��s t y l e = " f o n t - f a m i l y : P a l a t i n o L i n o t y p e " ��> ��
��< f o n t �� ��s i z e = " 2 " ��> ��& n b s p ; ��< / f o n t > ��< / s p a n > ��< / p > ��
��< p �� ��c l a s s = " M s o P l a i n T e x t " ��> ��< s p a n �� ��s t y l e = " f o n t - f a m i l y : P a l a t i n o L i n o t y p e " ��> ��
��< f o n t �� ��s i z e = " 2 " ��> ��< b ��> ��< a �� ��n a m e = " 2 9 8 _ 2 . " ��> ��2 . ��< / a > ��< / b > �� F o u n d b y G r e g o r o w i t z a t A t h o s i n
1 8 2 5 . I t i s g e n e r a l l y r e c o g n i z e d n o w a s v a l u e l e s s . ��< / f o n t > ��< / s p a n > ��< / p > ��
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( o p . c i t . ) t h e o n l y o n e t h a t s e e m s t o e m p l o y c o m m o n s e n s e . ��< / f o n t > ��< / s p a n > ��< / p > ��
��< p �� ��c l a s s = " M s o P l a i n T e x t " ��> ��< s p a n �� ��s t y l e = " f o n t - f a m i l y : P a l a t i n o L i n o t y p e " ��> ��
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��< p �� ��c l a s s = " M s o P l a i n T e x t " ��> ��< s p a n �� ��s t y l e = " f o n t - f a m i l y : P a l a t i n o L i n o t y p e " ��> ��
��< f o n t �� ��s i z e = " 3 " ��> ��& n b s p ; ��< i m g �� ��b o r d e r = " 0 " �� ��s r c = " / w e b / 2 0 1 5 0 9 2 4 1 2 0 0 5 0 i m _ / h t t p : / / w w w . p r o m a c e d o n i a . o r g / e n / s r / l i n e _ d o w n . g i f " �� ��w i d t h = " 5 9 6 " �� ��h e i g h t = " 1 8 " ��> ��< / f o n t > ��< / s p a n > ��< / p > ��
��< p �� ��c l a s s = " M s o P l a i n T e x t " ��> ��< s p a n �� ��s t y l e = " f o n t - f a m i l y : P a l a t i n o L i n o t y p e " ��> ��
��< f o n t �� ��s i z e = " 2 " ��> ��2 9 9 ��< / f o n t > ��< / s p a n > ��< / p > ��
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��< f o n t �� ��s i z e = " 3 " ��> ��& n b s p ; ��< / f o n t > ��< / s p a n > ��< / p > ��
��< p �� ��c l a s s = " M s o P l a i n T e x t " ��> ��< s p a n �� ��s t y l e = " f o n t - f a m i l y : P a l a t i n o L i n o t y p e " ��> ��
��< f o n t �� ��s i z e = " 3 " ��> ��I m p e r i a l G o v e r n m e n t w a s a l r e a d y p l a n n i n g , w i t h C y r i l s h e l p , t o
e v a n g e l i z e t h e B a l k a n S l a v s , t h e B u l g a r i a n s p r o b a b l y a s w e l l a s i t s o w n
s u b j e c t s , w h e n u n e x p e c t e d e v e n t s c a l l e d t h e g r e a t m i s s i o n a r y f a r t h e r a f i e l d ,
a n d a l t e r e d t h e w h o l e s i t u a t i o n . ��< a �� ��h r e f = " # 2 9 9 _ 1 . " ��> ��[ 1 ] ��< / a > ��< / f o n t > ��< / s p a n > ��< / p > ��
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��< f o n t �� ��s i z e = " 3 " ��> ��& n b s p ; ��< / f o n t > ��< / s p a n > ��< / p > ��
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��< f o n t �� ��s i z e = " 3 " ��> ��I n B u l g a r i a , G l a g o l i t i c M S S . a r e f o u n d d a t i n g f r o m u p t o t h e
t h i r t e e n t h c e n t u r y , c h i e f l y f r o m t h e O c h r i d a a n d R i l a d i s t r i c t s . A l m o s t
c e r t a i n l y C l e m e n t b r o u g h t t h e a l p h a b e t w i t h h i m f r o m M o r a v i a ; a n d , i f t h e r e i s
a n y t r u t h b e h i n d t h e i n t e r p o l a t i o n i n t h e A t h o s M S . , i t r e f e r s , n o t t o h i s
i n v e n t i o n o f C y r i l l i c , b u t t o h i s i n t r o d u c t i o n o f a n a l p h a b e t t h a t w a s
d i f f e r e n t f r o m w h a t t h e l o c a l i n h a b i t a n t s k n e w a s C y r i l s . T h e B u l g a r i a n s
e d u c a t e d a t t h e S l a v o n i c s c h o o l s o f C o n s t a n t i n o p l e w o u l d , h o w e v e r , o b v i o u s l y
e m p l o y C y r i l l i c ; w h i c h b e c a m e t h e o f f i c i a l a l p h a b e t u s e d a t P r e s l a v
��< a �� ��h r e f = " # 2 9 9 _ 2 . " ��> ��[ 2 ] ��< / a > �� K h r a b r s t r e a t i s e s e e m s t o r e f e r t o i t , n o t t o i t s
r i v a l a n d w h i c h , f r o m i t s g r e a t e r s i m p l i c i t y a n d s u i t a b i l i t y , s u c c e e d e d i n
t i m e i n s u p e r s e d i n g G l a g o l i t i c a n a l p h a b e t w h o s e o n l y m e r i t w a s t h a t i t
s u i t e d a p a r t i c u l a r p o l i t i c a l c r i s i s . ��< / f o n t > ��< / s p a n > ��< / p > ��
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��< f o n t �� ��s i z e = " 2 " ��> ��& n b s p ; ��< / f o n t > ��< / s p a n > ��< / p > ��
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��< f o n t �� ��s i z e = " 2 " ��> ��< b ��> ��< a �� ��n a m e = " 2 9 9 _ 1 . " ��> ��1 . ��< / a > ��< / b > �� B r u c k n e r ( ��< i ��> ��T h e s e n z u r
C y r i l l o - M e t h o d i a n i s c h e n F r a g e ��< / i > ��, p . 2 1 9 ) p u s h e s t h i s t h e o r y t o t h e e x t e n t o f
r e j e c t i n g R o s t i s l a v s m i s s i o n . B u r y ( o p . c i t . , p p . 3 9 6 9 ) t a k e s a m o r e
t e m p e r a t e v i e w . ��< / f o n t > ��< / s p a n > ��< / p > ��
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��< p �� ��c l a s s = " M s o P l a i n T e x t " ��> ��< s p a n �� ��s t y l e = " f o n t - f a m i l y : P a l a t i n o L i n o t y p e " ��> ��
��< f o n t �� ��s i z e = " 2 " ��> ��< b ��> ��< a �� ��n a m e = " 2 9 9 _ 2 . " ��> ��2 . ��< / a > ��< / b > �� A f e w G l a g o l i t i c i n s c r i p t i o n s
t o o m u t i l a t e d t o r e a d h a v e b e e n u n e a r t h e d a t P r e s l a v a n d P a t l e � n a s i d e b y s i d e
w i t h C y r i l l i c i n s c r i p t i o n s , b u t t h e l a t t e r a r e f a r m o r e n u m e r o u s . ��< / f o n t > ��< / s p a n > ��< / p > ��
��< / b l o c k q u o t e > ��
��< p �� ��c l a s s = " M s o P l a i n T e x t " ��> ��& n b s p ; ��< / p > ��
��< p �� ��c l a s s = " M s o P l a i n T e x t " ��> ��< f o n t �� ��s i z e = " 3 " ��> ��
��< s p a n �� ��s t y l e = " f o n t - f a m i l y : P a l a t i n o L i n o t y p e " ��> ��[ ��< a �� ��s t y l e = " t e x t - d e c o r a t i o n : n o n e " �� ��h r e f = " s r _ a p p 8 . h t m " ��> ��P r e v i o u s ��< / a > ��]
��< / s p a n > ��< / f o n t > ��< s p a n �� ��s t y l e = " f o n t - f a m i l y : P a l a t i n o L i n o t y p e " ��> ��< f o n t �� ��s i z e = " 3 " ��> ��[ ��< a �� ��s t y l e = " t e x t - d e c o r a t i o n : n o n e " �� ��h r e f = " s r _ a p p 1 0 . h t m " ��> ��N e x t ��< / a > ��] ��< / f o n t > ��< / s p a n > ��< / p > ��
��< p �� ��c l a s s = " M s o P l a i n T e x t " ��> ��< f o n t �� ��s i z e = " 3 " ��> ��
��< s p a n �� ��s t y l e = " f o n t - f a m i l y : P a l a t i n o L i n o t y p e " ��> ��[ ��< a �� ��h r e f = " i n d e x . h t m l " �� ��s t y l e = " t e x t - d e c o r a t i o n : n o n e " ��> ��B a c k
t o I n d e x ��< / a > ��] ��< / s p a n > ��< / f o n t > ��< / p > ��
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F I L E A R C H I V E D O N ��1 2 : 0 0 : 5 0 S e p 2 4 , 2 0 1 5 �� A N D R E T R I E V E D F R O M T H E
I N T E R N E T A R C H I V E O N ��0 2 : 0 2 : 2 4 M a y 2 0 , 2 0 2 6 ��.
J A V A S C R I P T A P P E N D E D B Y W A Y B A C K M A C H I N E , C O P Y R I G H T I N T E R N E T A R C H I V E .
A L L O T H E R C O N T E N T M A Y A L S O B E P R O T E C T E D B Y C O P Y R I G H T ( 1 7 U . S . C .
S E C T I O N 1 0 8 ( a ) ( 3 ) ) .
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��p l a y b a c k t i m i n g s ( m s ) :
�� ��c a p t u r e s _ l i s t ��: ��0 . 5 2 8 ��
�� ��e x c l u s i o n . r o b o t s ��: ��0 . 0 3 8 ��
�� ��e x c l u s i o n . r o b o t s . p o l i c y ��: ��0 . 0 2 7 ��
�� ��e s i n d e x ��: ��0 . 0 1 2 ��
�� ��c d x . r e m o t e ��: ��2 3 . 0 9 ��
�� ��L o a d S h a r d B l o c k ��: ��1 8 6 . 5 2 5 �� ( ��3 ��)
�� ��P e t a b o x L o a d e r 3 . d a t a n o d e ��: ��4 0 4 . 6 0 6 �� ( ��4 ��)
�� ��P e t a b o x L o a d e r 3 . r e s o l v e ��: ��1 3 2 . 9 9 7 �� ( ��2 ��)
�� ��l o a d _ r e s o u r c e ��: ��4 7 6 . 0 9 ��
�� ��n a v ��: ��0 . 1 2 8 �� ( ��6 ��)
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