Birmingham

Birmingham (Yîn-ngî: Birmingham) he Yîn-koet Yîn-kak-làn West Midlands khî-vet West Midlands khiùn ke Thai-hîn kûng-ngia̍p sàng-sṳ, kí 2013-ngièn thúng-kie sú-sṳ, kâi sàng ngìn-khiéu yû 1,092,330 ngìn, he Yîn-koet chhù Lùn-tûn ngoi chui-thai ke sàng-sṳ^[1]. Khì só-chhai ke West Midlands chû ha̍p tû-sṳ chhai 2011-ngièn yû 2,440,986 ngìn, he Yîn-koet thi-sâm-thai kien sṳ̀n khî ^[2], khì Tû-fi-khî chhai 2012-ngièn yû 3,701,107 ngìn, he Yîn-koet thi-ngi thai Tû-fi-khî. ^[3]

chhai chûng Sṳ-ki ke sṳ̀-hèu Birmingham chṳ́-he yit-ke chûng hîn ke si̍p chṳ́n, 18 Sṳ-ki sṳ̀n-vì Yîn-koet chûng-phu thi-khî khí mùng yun-thûng ke Fat-ngièn-thi, kâ-sông sùi-heu ke kûng-ngia̍p kiet miang, Birmingham ke Koet-chi thi-vi thai vì thì-kô ^[4]. Hien-chhai Birmingham chú-yeu yî fu̍k-vu-ngia̍p vì-chú ^[5], he Beta kip chhiòn-khiù sàng-sṳ^[6]. Khì tû-fi kîn-chi thí chhai Yîn-koet ya kiùn chhṳ́ yî Lùn-tûn ^[3], kâ-sông chhṳ́ thi yû liuk só Thai-ho̍k, Birmingham sṳ̀n-vì-liáu Lùn-tûn yî-ngoi chui-thai ke kô-tén kau-yuk chûng-sîm ^[7].

Kién-kie

Kîn-chi

Chṳn-chhṳ

Vùn-fa lâu kau-yuk

Yîm-ngo̍k

Thai-ho̍k

Thù-sû-kwón

Chhùng-yeu ngìn-vu̍t

Yû-hó sàng-sṳ

Chhâm-kháu vùn-hien

↑ "2011 Census: Population and household estimates fact file, unrounded estimates, local authorities in England and Wales (Excel sheet 708Kb)". Office for National Statistics. 24 September 2012. Archived from the original (xls) on 24 September 2015. 30 December 2013 chhà-khon.
↑ "2011 Census - Built-up areas". ONS. 4 July 2013 chhà-khon.
1 2 Istrate, Emilia; Nadeau, Carey Anne (November 2012). "Global MetroMonitor". Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution. 23 December 2013 chhà-khon.
↑ 模板:Harvnb; 模板:Harvnb
↑ "Employee jobs (2012)". Nomis – official labour market statistics. Office for National Statistics. 29 March 2014 chhà-khon.
↑ "The World According to GaWC 2010". Globalization and World Cities Research Network. Archived from the original on 24 May 2012. 18 September 2011 chhà-khon.
↑ "Table 0 – All students by institution, mode of study, level of study and domicile 2008/09". Higher education Statistics Agency. 31 January 2011 chhà-khon. ; Aldred, Tom (2009). "University Challenge: Growing the Knowledge Economy in Birmingham" (PDF). London: Centre for Cities. p. 12. Archived from the original (pdf) on 11 November 2013. 11 November 2013 chhà-khon.

[ONS-2001-2011_census-1] "2011 Census: Population and household estimates fact file, unrounded estimates, local authorities in England and Wales (Excel sheet 708Kb)". Office for National Statistics. 24 September 2012. Archived from the original (xls) on 24 September 2015. 30 December 2013 chhà-khon.

[BUA2011-2] "2011 Census - Built-up areas". ONS. 4 July 2013 chhà-khon.

[BrookingsMetroEconomy-3] 1 2 Istrate, Emilia; Nadeau, Carey Anne (November 2012). "Global MetroMonitor". Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution. 23 December 2013 chhà-khon.

[indsoc-4] 模板:Harvnb; 模板:Harvnb

[nomisweb-5] "Employee jobs (2012)". Nomis – official labour market statistics. Office for National Statistics. 29 March 2014 chhà-khon.

[TheWorld-6] "The World According to GaWC 2010". Globalization and World Cities Research Network. Archived from the original on 24 May 2012. 18 September 2011 chhà-khon.

[7] "Table 0 – All students by institution, mode of study, level of study and domicile 2008/09". Higher education Statistics Agency. 31 January 2011 chhà-khon. ; Aldred, Tom (2009). "University Challenge: Growing the Knowledge Economy in Birmingham" (PDF). London: Centre for Cities. p. 12. Archived from the original (pdf) on 11 November 2013. 11 November 2013 chhà-khon.

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