ur

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ur"

Languages (30)

Translingual • English

---

Albanian • Azerbaijani • Basque • Bavarian • Breton • Catalan • Chrau • Danish • Elfdalian • Faroese • German • Iberian • Irish • Istro-Romanian • Kott • Middle English • Norwegian Bokmål • Norwegian Nynorsk • Old English • Old Norse • Old Saxon • Old Swedish • Romagnol • Romansh • Scottish Gaelic • Sumerian • Swedish • Turkish

---

Page categories

Translingual

Etymology

Clipping of English Urdu, from Urdu اُرْدُو (urdū) and Hindi उर्दू (urdū)), from Classical Persian اُرْدُو (urdū).

Symbol

ur

1. (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Urdu.

See also

• Wiktionary’s coverage of Urdu terms

English

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• (General American) IPA^(key): /ɝ/
• Rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)

Interjection

ur

1. Expressing hesitation or inarticulacy; er, um.

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• (General American) IPA^(key): /jɝ/
• Rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)

Determiner

ur

1. (Internet slang, text messaging) Abbreviation of your.
   • 2012, Jessica Burkhart, Popular, Aladdin M!X, Simon & Schuster Children’s Publishing Division, →ISBN, page 147:

     “He wrote, ‘Hey, Laurbell! What’s up? How r u & ur roomie? Mom & I miss u x a zillion! We decided 2 turn ur room into storage 4 the antiques we r going 2 buy. Hope u r finding time 2 chillax. Give Wisp a hug. G2G. Write me back! Luv, Dad.’”

Derived terms

• ur mom, ur mum

Contraction

ur

1. (Internet slang, text messaging) Abbreviation of you're (you are).

   Coordinate terms: u, r

Anagrams

• Ru.

Albanian

Alternative forms

• urë

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁ews- (“to burn”). Compare Latin ūrō.

Noun

ur

1. ember

Synonyms

• prush

Azerbaijani

Etymology

From Proto-Common Turkic *ur. Cognate with Turkish ur, etc.

Noun

ur (definite accusative uru, plural urlar)

1. (pathology, oncology) neoplasm, tumour

   Synonym: şiş

Declension

Declension of ur

	singular	plural
nominative	ur	urlar
definite accusative	uru	urları
dative	ura	urlara
locative	urda	urlarda
ablative	urdan	urlardan
definite genitive	urun	urların

Possessive forms of ur

	nominative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	urum	urlarım
sənin (“your”)	urun	urların
onun (“his/her/its”)	uru	urları
bizim (“our”)	urumuz	urlarımız
sizin (“your”)	urunuz	urlarınız
onların (“their”)	uru or urları	urları
	accusative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	urumu	urlarımı
sənin (“your”)	urunu	urlarını
onun (“his/her/its”)	urunu	urlarını
bizim (“our”)	urumuzu	urlarımızı
sizin (“your”)	urunuzu	urlarınızı
onların (“their”)	urunu or urlarını	urlarını
	dative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	uruma	urlarıma
sənin (“your”)	uruna	urlarına
onun (“his/her/its”)	uruna	urlarına
bizim (“our”)	urumuza	urlarımıza
sizin (“your”)	urunuza	urlarınıza
onların (“their”)	uruna or urlarına	urlarına
	locative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	urumda	urlarımda
sənin (“your”)	urunda	urlarında
onun (“his/her/its”)	urunda	urlarında
bizim (“our”)	urumuzda	urlarımızda
sizin (“your”)	urunuzda	urlarınızda
onların (“their”)	urunda or urlarında	urlarında
	ablative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	urumdan	urlarımdan
sənin (“your”)	urundan	urlarından
onun (“his/her/its”)	urundan	urlarından
bizim (“our”)	urumuzdan	urlarımızdan
sizin (“your”)	urunuzdan	urlarınızdan
onların (“their”)	urundan or urlarından	urlarından
	genitive
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	urumun	urlarımın
sənin (“your”)	urunun	urlarının
onun (“his/her/its”)	urunun	urlarının
bizim (“our”)	urumuzun	urlarımızın
sizin (“your”)	urunuzun	urlarınızın
onların (“their”)	urunun or urlarının	urlarının

Basque

baso bat ur (a cup of water)

Etymology 1

Unknown. Some claim from Proto-Basque *(h)ur; possibly a truly prehistoric word from a substrate.

Alternative forms

• hur (Soule)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /uɾ/ [ur]
• Rhymes: -uɾ
• Hyphenation: ur

Noun

ur inan

1. water
2. juice

Declension

Declension of ur (inan ɾ-stem)

	indefinite	singular	plural	proximal plural
absolutive	ur	ura	urak	urok
ergative	urek	urak	urek	urok
dative	uri	urari	urei	uroi
genitive	uren	uraren	uren	uron
comitative	urekin	urarekin	urekin	urokin
causative	urengatik	urarengatik	urengatik	urongatik
benefactive	urentzat	urarentzat	urentzat	urontzat
instrumental	urez	uraz	urez	urotaz
inessive	uretan	urean	uretan	urotan
locative	uretako	ureko	uretako	urotako
allative	uretara	urera	uretara	urotara
terminative	uretaraino	ureraino	uretaraino	urotaraino
directive	uretarantz	urerantz	uretarantz	urotarantz
destinative	uretarako	urerako	uretarako	urotarako
ablative	uretatik	uretik	uretatik	urotatik
partitive	urik	—	—	—
prolative	urtzat	—	—	—

Derived terms

• limoi ur
• ur begi
• ur geza
• ur txori
• ur zurrusta
• uraldi
• urberritu
• ureztatu
• ureztontzi
• urjauzi
• urmael
• urmargo
• urmeloi
• urpe
• urte
• urtegi

Etymology 2

Noun

ur inan

1. nonstandard spelling of hur (“hazelnut”)

References

• José Ignacio Hualde, Jon Ortiz de Urbina, A Grammar of Basque (2003, →ISBN

Further reading

• “ur”, in Euskaltzaindiaren Hiztegia [Dictionary of the Basque Academy] (in Basque), Euskaltzaindia [Royal Academy of the Basque Language]
• “ur”, in Orotariko Euskal Hiztegia [General Basque Dictionary], Euskaltzaindia, 1987–2005

Bavarian

Alternative forms

• ure

Etymology

From Middle High German ur-, from Old High German ur-, ir- (“thoroughly”), from Proto-Germanic *uz- (“out”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /uɐ̯/, /uːɐ̯/
• Homophone: Uhr

Adverb

ur (East Central Bavarian, Vienna)

1. very, quite, really, total, totally, absolutely

   Des is ursuper! ― That's really great!

   I håb ur ned gwusst, wås i tuan soi. ― I had absolutely no idea what to do.

   Des is ur der Trottl! ― That's totally an idiot!

   Des is der ur Trottl! ― That's a total idiot!

Usage notes

Can be used as an intensifier for adjectives, adverbs, nouns and noun phrases. For the use as a prefix for adjectives see ur-.

Breton

Article

ur

1. a/an

See also

• un
• ul

Catalan

Etymology

From Latin ūrus.

Noun

ur m (plural urs)

1. aurochs (Bos primigenius)

Further reading

• “ur”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], April 2007
• “ur”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2026
• “ur” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• Alcover, Antoni Maria; Moll, Francesc de Borja (1963), “ur”, in Diccionari català-valencià-balear (in Catalan)

Chrau

Noun

ur

1. woman
2. wife

References

• David D. Thomas, Chrau grammar (1971)

Danish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈuɐ̯ˀ]
• Rhymes: -ur

Etymology 1

From Middle Low German ūr (“watch, clock”), which was borrowed, via Middle Dutch ūre, from Old French houre (“hour”), from Latin hōra (“hour”) and ultimately Ancient Greek ὥρα (hṓra, “season, hour”). The German Uhr (“watch”) was also borrowed from Low German.

Noun

ur n (singular definite uret, plural indefinite ure)

1. clock
2. watch

Declension

Declension of ur

neuter gender	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	ur	uret	ure	urene
genitive	urs	urets	ures	urenes

Descendants

• → Faroese: ur

Etymology 2

From Norwegian Nynorsk ur, urd, from Old Norse urð, from Proto-Germanic *wurþiz.

Noun

ur c (singular definite uren, plural indefinite urer)

1. (uncommon) scree

Declension

Declension of ur

common gender	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	ur	uren	urer	urerne
genitive	urs	urens	urers	urernes

Derived terms

• urfjeld

References

• “ur” in Den Danske Ordbog
• “ur” in Ordbog over det danske Sprog

Elfdalian

Etymology

Cognate with Swedish hur.

Adverb

ur

1. how

Faroese

Etymology

Borrowed from Danish ur, from German Uhr, from Old French houre, from Latin hōra, from Ancient Greek ὥρα (hṓra, “time, season, year”), from Proto-Indo-European *yeh₁- (“year, season”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /uːɹ/
• Homophones: urð, Urð

Noun

ur n (genitive singular urs, plural ur)

1. watch, timepiece

Declension

n3	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	ur	urið	ur	urini
accusative	ur	urið	ur	urini
dative	uri	urinum	urum	urunum
genitive	urs	ursins	ura	uranna

Hyponyms

• armbandsur (“wristwatch”)
• lummaur (“pocketwatch”)

German

Etymology

From Middle High German ur-, from Old High German ur-, ir- (“thoroughly”), from Proto-Germanic *uz- (“out”).

Adverb

ur

1. (Austria, Vienna, colloquial) very, quite, really, total, totally, absolutely

   Das ist ur super! ― That's really great!

   Ich hab' ur nicht gewusst, was ich tun soll. ― I had absolutely no idea what to do.

   Das ist ur der Trottel! ― That's totally an idiot!

   Das ist der ur Trottel! ― That's a total idiot!

Usage notes

Can be used as an intensifier for adjectives, adverbs, nouns and noun phrases. For the use as a prefix for adjectives see ur-.

Iberian

Etymology

Unambiguously compare Basque ur (“water”), possibly borrowed into Proto-Basque *(h)ur.

Noun

ur

1. water
2. rain

   tikaś ur

   Impure water

Derived terms

• tikasur

References

• Villamor, Fernando (2020) A basic dictionary and grammar of the Iberian language

Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish or (“limit, boundary, extreme; border, hem”) (compare Welsh or (“limit, border”)).

Noun

ur m (genitive singular ura, nominative plural ura)

1. (literary) border, edge

Declension

Declension of ur (third declension)

bare forms singular plural nominative ur ura vocative a ur a ura genitive ura ur dative ur ura forms with the definite article singular plural nominative an t-ur na hura genitive an ura na n-ur dative leis an ur don ur leis na hura

Derived terms

• go hura an domhain (“to the ends of the earth”)
• ur in ur (“from end to end”)
• ur le hur (“edge to edge, side by side”)

Mutation

Mutated forms of ur

radical	eclipsis	with h-prothesis	with t-prothesis
ur	n-ur	hur	not applicable

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “ur”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla [Irish–English Dictionary], Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 or”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Istro-Romanian

Etymology

From Latin ūnus (compare Daco-Romanian un), from Old Latin oinos, from Proto-Italic *oinos, from Proto-Indo-European *óynos (“one, single”).

Numeral

ur

1. one

Kott

Etymology

Derived from Proto-Yeniseian *Huλes (“rain”), derived from Proto-Yeniseian *Huλʌ (“wet”, adjective), ultimately derived from Proto-Yeniseian *Huλ (“water”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ur/

Noun

ur (plural ûraŋ)

1. rain

Further reading

• Matthias Alexander Castrén, Versuch Einer Jenissei-Ostjakischen Und Kottischen Sprachlehre: Nebst Aus Den Genannten Sprachen, St. Petersburg: Leopold Voss Publisher, 1858, page 203
• Werner, Heinrich (2002), Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der Jenissej-Sprachen, volume 2, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 338?
• Werner, Heinrich K. (2003), Röhrborn, Klaus, Schellbach-Kopra, Ingrid, editors, M. A. Castrén und die Jenissejistik: Die Jennisej-Sprachen des 19. Jahrhunderts (Veröffentlichungen des Societas Uralo-Altaica; 62) (in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 152

Middle English

Determiner

ur

1. alternative form of oure (“our”)

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Middle Low German ur or ure, compare with German Uhr.

Noun

ur n (definite singular uret, indefinite plural ur, definite plural ura or urene)

1. clock
2. watch

Synonyms

• (clock): klokke

Derived terms

• armbåndsur
• gjøkur
• solur
• urmaker

References

• “ur” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

From Middle Low German ur or ure, compare with German Uhr.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʉːr/

Noun

ur n (definite singular uret, indefinite plural ur, definite plural ura)

1. clock
2. watch

Synonyms

• (clock): klokke

Derived terms

• solur

Etymology 2

From Old Norse úr n. Doublet of yr.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʉːr/

Noun

ur m (definite singular uren, indefinite plural urar, definite plural urane)

1. a raincloud in the distance, usually
2. a cold breeze

Etymology 3

Noun

ur f (definite singular ura, indefinite plural urer, definite plural urene)

1. alternative form of urd

References

• “ur” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Anagrams

• ru

Old English

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *ūr. This root survives in the modern English aurochs (though that word is a loan from German), hence its meaning.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /uːr/
• Rhymes: -uːr

Noun

ūr m

1. aurochs
2. the runic character ᚢ (/uː/ or /u/)
   • The Old English rune poem

     ᚢ (ūr) byþ ānmōd and oferhyrnded...

     ᚢ (the aurochs) is steadfast and great-horned...

Declension

Strong a-stem:

	singular	plural
nominative	ūr	ūras
accusative	ūr	ūras
genitive	ūres	ūra
dative	ūre	ūrum

Descendants

• Middle English: oure (rare)

Old Norse

Noun

ur

1. alternative form of úr.

Old Saxon

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *ūruz.

Noun

ūr m

1. bison, aurochs
2. The runic character ᚢ (/uː/ or /u/).

Declension

ūr (masculine a-stem)

	singular	plural
nominative	ūr	ūros
accusative	ūr	ūros
genitive	ūres	ūrō
dative	ūre	ūrum
instrumental	—	—

Old Swedish

Etymology

From Old Norse úr, Proto-Germanic *ūrą (“water, rain; wetness”), from Proto-Indo-European *uh₁r-, zero grade form of *weh₁r- (“water”).

Noun

ūr n

1. prominent (windy) precipitation (drizzle, rain, hail, sleet, snow), by extension: bad weather involving precipitation, light storm
3. windy snowfall
4. (Runic alphabet) name of the rune ᚢ (u)
   • ca. 1530, Olaus Petri, “Om runskrift.”, in Olaus Petri, Samlade skrifter 4, 1917:

     Fyr f. Vr u. Thors þ. Aos o. Radher r. Kaguen k. Hagel h. Nodher n. Is i. Åårs a. Sool s. Thir t. Birkal b. Lagher l. Madher m. hengiande sool R.

     Fire f. Ur u. Thurs (Jötun) þ. Æsir o. Read (Ruling) r. Kåk (Penalty post) k. Hail h. Need n. Ice i. Year a. Sun s. Tyr t. Birch b. Lake l. Man m. hanging sun R.

Derived terms

• ūrvæþer, ūrvædher

Descendants

• Swedish: ur n
• ⇒ Swedish: yr n, yra f

Romagnol

Pronunciation

• (Central Romagnol) IPA^(key): [ˈuːɾ]
  • (Ville Unite):

Noun

ur m pl

1. plural of ör

References

Masotti, Adelmo (1996), Vocabolario Romagnolo Italiano [Romagnol-Italian dictionary] (in Italian), Bologna: Zanichelli, page 408

Romansh

Alternative forms

• our (Surmiran)

Etymology

From Latin ōra.

Noun

ur m (plural urs)

1. (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Sutsilvan, Puter, Vallader) edge, margins

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Old Irish for. Cognates include Irish bhur.

Determiner

ur (triggers eclipsis)

1. your (formal and/or plural)

   Ciamar a tha ur sgòrnan, a sheanair? ― How is your throat, grandfather?

   Bhruidhinn mi ri ur màthraichean. ― I spoke to your (respective) mothers.

See also

Scottish Gaelic possessive determiners

		singular		plural
		+ C	+ V	+ C	+ V
first person		moL	m'	ar	arN
second person		doL	d'	ur	urN
third person	m	aL	—	an, am1	an
	f	a	aH

^L Triggers lenition; ^H Triggers H-prothesis; ^N Triggers eclipsis
¹ Used before b-, f-, m- or p-

References

• Armstrong, R. A. (1825), “ur”, in A Gaelic Dictionary, in Two Parts‎^[1], London, →OCLC

Sumerian

Romanization

ur

1. romanization of 𒌨 (ur)

Swedish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʉːr/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ʉːr

Etymology 1

From Old Norse ór, úr, from Proto-Germanic *uz.

Preposition

ur

1. out of, (out) from

Etymology 2

From German Uhr, from Old French houre, from Latin hōra, from Ancient Greek ὥρα (hṓra, “time, season, year”), from Proto-Indo-European *yeh₁- (“year, season”).

Noun

ur n

1. watch, clock (usually a mechanical one, and when greater emphasis is put on the mechanism)

Declension

Declension of ur

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	ur	urs
	definite	uret	urets
plural	indefinite	ur	urs
	definite	uren	urens

Synonyms

• klocka
• rova (“pocket watch”)

Derived terms

• armbandsur
• atomur
• cesiumur
• damur
• digitalur
• dykarur
• fickur
• golvur
• guldur
• gökur
• herrur
• kontrollur
• kvartsur
• kyrkur
• maserur
• matchur
• pendelur
• precisionsur
• repeterur
• reseur
• schackur
• slagur
• solur
• startur
• stoppur
• ståndur
• synkronur
• tidtagarur
• tidur
• tornur
• urtavla
• urverk
• väckarur
• väggur

Etymology 3

From Old Swedish ūr, Old Norse úr, perhaps ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁wers- (“to rain”), in which case related to Latin urina. Rare except for the fixed phrase ur och skur.

Noun

ur n

2. prominent (windy) precipitation (rain, hail, sleet, snow), bad weather involving precipitation, light storm; today mainly in the compound urväder (ur weather), or regionally, like the Gotlandic compound: starur ("starling ur": precipitation that occurs at the time in spring when the starlings return; precipitation in March)
   • 1969, Dagmar Edqvist, Mannen som kom hem:

     En starur drog över landet med hagel och slagregn.

     A “starling ur” swept across the country with hail and hard rain.

3. (heavy) snowfall combined with (strong) wind, blustery and profuse snowfall; snow flurry; today mainly in the compound urväder (ur weather), also the form yrväder; also the related compound snöyra (snow ur)
4. (Runic alphabet) name of the rune ᚢ (u)
   • 1599, Johannes Bureus, Runakenslanes läraspån:

     ᚢᛦ ᛁ Vᛅᛋᛏᛆᚿ Vᛅᚧᚱ

     Ur i vaͤstan vaͤdher

     Precipitation in western weather

   • 1600, Nicolaus Granius, Granius Vulcanius:

     ŭrvaͤder vaͤrʃt

     urväder värst

     Windy precipitation worst

   • 1685, Georg Stiernhielm, Anticluverius, page 156:

     𝔙𝔲𝔯 𝔦 𝔚𝔞ͤʃ𝔱𝔞𝔫𝔴𝔞ͤ𝔡𝔢𝔯 𝔦.𝔢. 𝔘𝔯𝔴𝔞ͤ𝔡𝔢𝔯/𝔬𝔯𝔴𝔦𝔫𝔱𝔢𝔯

     Vur i Waͤstanvaͤder, i.e. Urvaͤder/orwinter

     Precipitation in Weastern weather, i.e. windy rain/blustery winter

   • 1776, Sven Digelius, Runkalender i nya stilen:

     ᚢᚱ ᛁ ᚢᛆᛋᛏᛆᚿ ᚢᛁᚱᛋᛏ

     Ur i västan verst

     Precipitation in western worst

Alternative forms

• yr
• yra

Derived terms

• i ur och skur (“through thick and thin; lit. through "ur" and shower”)
• sandur, variant of sandyr, sandyra (“sand's whirling; sand drift; sand drifting with the wind”)
• snöur (“snowstorm, snowfall, flurry”)
• starur (“precipitation that occurs at the time in spring when the starlings return; precipitation in March”)
• stenur (“stone ships at the foot of a mountain from its weathering”)
• urväder (“annoying precipitation”)

Related terms

• yr
• yra

Further reading

• “ur”, in Svensk ordbok [Dictionary of Swedish] (in Swedish)
• ur in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)

Turkish

Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish اور (ur, “cyst, tumor”), from Proto-Turkic *ur (“growth, excrescence”).

Noun

ur (definite accusative uru, plural urlar)

1. tumour

   Synonyms: tümör, verem (dated)

Declension

Declension of ur

singular plural nominative ur urlar definite accusative uru urları dative ura urlara locative urda urlarda ablative urdan urlardan genitive urun urların Possessive forms nominative singular plural 1st singular urum urlarım 2nd singular urun urların 3rd singular uru urları 1st plural urumuz urlarımız 2nd plural urunuz urlarınız 3rd plural urları urları definite accusative singular plural 1st singular urumu urlarımı 2nd singular urunu urlarını 3rd singular urunu urlarını 1st plural urumuzu urlarımızı 2nd plural urunuzu urlarınızı 3rd plural urlarını urlarını dative singular plural 1st singular uruma urlarıma 2nd singular uruna urlarına 3rd singular uruna urlarına 1st plural urumuza urlarımıza 2nd plural urunuza urlarınıza 3rd plural urlarına urlarına locative singular plural 1st singular urumda urlarımda 2nd singular urunda urlarında 3rd singular urunda urlarında 1st plural urumuzda urlarımızda 2nd plural urunuzda urlarınızda 3rd plural urlarında urlarında ablative singular plural 1st singular urumdan urlarımdan 2nd singular urundan urlarından 3rd singular urundan urlarından 1st plural urumuzdan urlarımızdan 2nd plural urunuzdan urlarınızdan 3rd plural urlarından urlarından genitive singular plural 1st singular urumun urlarımın 2nd singular urunun urlarının 3rd singular urunun urlarının 1st plural urumuzun urlarımızın 2nd plural urunuzun urlarınızın 3rd plural urlarının urlarının