DescriptionScoutwithgun.jpg	English: A Rhodesian soldier questioning villagers near the border of Botswana in September 1977. Taken for Associated Press by J. Ross Baughman. One of a set of three photos that were awarded the 1978 Pulitzer Prize for Feature Photography.
Date	September 1977
Source	J. Ross Baughman Collection, Smithsonian Learning Lab
Author	J. Ross Baughman (1953–)     Alternative names John Ross Baughman Description American photographer, photojournalist and journalist Date of birth 7 May 1953  Location of birth Dearborn  Authority file : Q6106993 VIAF: 16326297 ISNI: 0000000030449133 LCCN: n88191967 RKD: 385144 WorldCat creator QS:P170,Q6106993

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published in the United States between 1931 and 1977, inclusive, without a copyright notice. For further explanation, see Commons:Hirtle chart as well as a detailed definition of "publication" for public art. Note that it may still be copyrighted in jurisdictions that do not apply the rule of the shorter term for US works (depending on the date of the author's death), such as Canada (50 p.m.a.), Mainland China (50 p.m.a., not Hong Kong or Macao), Germany (70 p.m.a.), Mexico (100 p.m.a.), Switzerland (70 p.m.a.), and other countries with individual treaties. العربية ∙ беларуская (тарашкевіца) ∙ čeština ∙ Deutsch ∙ Ελληνικά ∙ English ∙ español ∙ فارسی ∙ français ∙ Bahasa Indonesia ∙ italiano ∙ 日本語 ∙ 한국어 ∙ македонски ∙ Nederlands ∙ português ∙ русский ∙ sicilianu ∙ slovenščina ∙ ไทย ∙ Tiếng Việt ∙ 中文（简体） ∙ 中文（繁體） ∙ +/−

The photo was published simultaneously in many newspapers with no copyright notice at all (neither for the photo in particular, nor for the newspaper as a whole). For example:

• The Miami Herald
• The Tampa Times
• The Tennessean
• Corvallis Gazette-Times
• Democrat and Chronicle (Rochester, NY)
• Messenger-Inquirer (Owensboro, KY)
• The Vancouver Sun
• The Burlington Free Press

Copyright was therefore forfeited per section 9 of the Copyright Act of 1909, which required that notice of copyright be affixed to every published copy.

No instances were found of the photo published with its own copyright notice, indicating that the photo was distributed to newspapers without a copyright notice, and there is no evidence of any requirement imposed on newspapers by the Associated Press to publish the photo with copyright notice.

In addition, approval was received from the photographer (ticket:2012050410010422) to publish this photo under the CC-BY-SA 3.0 license. However, the photo was produced while the photographer was an employee of the Associated Press, so the photo is presumably a work for hire. Any copyright would therefore be owned by the Associated Press, and it is not clear that the photographer would have the authority to release it under a free license. This issue is moot because the photo is in the public domain, as explained above.

• 2012-05-04 19:25 Romansperson 250×160× (46971 bytes) A Rhodesian soldier questioning villagers near the border of Botswana in the fall of 1977. Taken for Associated Press by J. Ross Baughman. One of a set of three photos that were awarded the 1978 Pulitzer Prize. Used with permission of the author.