Franc

franc
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na	kuɗi

 

Franc ɗaya ce daga cikin nau'ikan kuɗi daban-daban. Yawanci ana raba franc ɗaya zuwa santimita 100. An ce sunan ya samo asali ne daga rubutun Latin francorum rex ( Sarkin Franks ) ana amfani da shi a kan tsabar kuɗin Faransa na farko har zuwa ƙarni na 18, ko kuma daga Franc na Faransa, ma'ana "frank" (kuma "kyauta" a wasu yanayi, kamar coup franc, "kyauta ta bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida").

Kasashen da ke amfani da kudin Franc a yau sun hada da Switzerland, Liechtenstein, da kuma mafi yawan kasashen Afirka masu amfani da kudin Francophone . Swiss franc ita ce babbar hanyar samun kuɗi ta duniya a yau saboda shaharar cibiyoyin kuɗi na Switzerland .

Kafin gabatar da kudin Euro a ranar 1 ga Janairun 1999, an kuma yi amfani da kudin Franc a Faransa, Belgium da Luxembourg, yayin da Andorra da Monaco suka amince da kudin Franc a matsayin kudin da aka amince da shi a matsayin kudin da aka amince da shi a shari'a ( Monégasque franc ). An kuma yi amfani da kudin franc a tsoffin yankunan mulkin mallaka na Faransa, ciki har da Aljeriya da Cambodia. Ana amfani da Franc a matsayin Italiyanci ko Hispanic a matsayin Franco, misali a Luccan Franco.

Asalin

An ƙera faranti na farko da aka taɓa ƙera, franc à cheval, bayan dawowar Jean le Bon daga bauta daga ranar 5 ga Disamba 1360, kuma an nuna hotunan yaƙi. Zinare, karati 24, 3.73 g. Ya yi daidai da ƙimar asusun ɗaya na livre tournois .

Asalin kudin Faransa shine tsabar zinare ta 3.87 an ƙirƙiro shi a shekara ta 1360 a lokacin sakin Sarki John na Biyu ("Nagari"), wanda Turawan Ingila suka riƙe tun lokacin da aka kama shi a Yaƙin Poitiers shekaru huɗu da suka gabata. Ya yi daidai da livre tournois ɗaya (Tours pound).

Faransa Franc

Asalin kuɗin Faransa tsabar zinare ce da aka fitar a Faransa daga 1360 zuwa 1380, [1] sannan tsabar azurfa da aka fitar tsakanin 1575 da 1641. [2] Daga ƙarshe, kuɗin Faransa ya zama kuɗin ƙasa daga 1795 zuwa 1999 [3] (tsabar kuɗi da takardun kuɗi na Faransa an yi musu rangwame bisa doka har zuwa 2002). Duk da cewa Sarki Louis XIII ya soke shi a matsayin tsabar kuɗi ta doka a shekara ta 1641 don maye gurbin zinariya louis da azurfa écu, kalmar franc ta ci gaba da amfani da ita a cikin harshen gama gari don livre tournois . An kuma yi amfani da kudin franc ga tsoffin yankunan mulkin mallaka na Faransa, kamar Morocco, Aljeriya, Afirka ta Yamma ta Faransa, da sauransu. A yau, bayan samun 'yancin kai, da yawa daga cikin waɗannan ƙasashe suna ci gaba da amfani da kuɗin franc a matsayin ma'aunin da suka saba amfani da shi.

An kulle darajar kudin Faransa zuwa Yuro a Yuro 1 = 6.55957 FRF a ranar 31 ga Disamba 1998, kuma bayan gabatar da takardun kuɗi da tsabar kuɗi na Yuro, an daina biyan kuɗin bisa doka bayan 28 ga Fabrairu 2002, kodayake har yanzu ana iya musayar su a bankuna har zuwa 19 ga Fabrairu 2012.

CFA da CFP francs

Kasashe goma sha hudu na Afirka suna amfani da CFA franc (a yammacin Afirka, Communauté financière africaine ; a cikin equatorial Africa, Coopération financière en Afrique centrale ), asali (1945) darajar 1.7 Faransa francs sa'an nan daga 1948, 2 francs (daga 1960: franc 0.92 kawai). 0.01 Faransa Franc. Saboda haka, daga Janairu 1999, 1 CFA franc yayi daidai da €0.00152449.

Wani nau'in kuɗi daban (cFP ) yana yaɗuwa a yankunan Pacific na Faransa, wanda darajarsa ta kai €0.0084 (wanda a da ake kira 0.055 franc na Faransa).

Comoran Franc

A shekarar 1981, Comoros ta kafa wani shiri da gwamnatin Faransa kamar na CFA franc. Asali, darajar Francs 50 na Comoran ya kai fransa 1. A watan Janairun 1994, an canza farashin zuwa Franc na Comoran 75 zuwa Franc na Faransa. Tun daga shekarar 1999, an haɗa kuɗin zuwa Yuro.

Franc na Belgium da Luxembourg

Mamayar da Faransa mai juyin juya hali da Napoleon ta yi wa yawancin yammacin Turai ya haifar da yaɗuwar kuɗin franc. Bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Daular Netherlands, sabuwar Daular Belgium a shekarar 1832 ta amince da nata kudin Faransa, wanda ya yi daidai da na Faransa, sai kuma Luxembourg ta amince da kudin Luxembourg a shekarar 1848 da kuma Switzerland a shekarar 1850. Sabuwar ƙasar Italiya da aka haɗa kai ta karɓi lira bisa irin wannan tushe a shekarar 1862.

A shekarar 1865, Faransa, Belgium, Switzerland da Italiya suka kafa Ƙungiyar Kuɗi ta Latin (wadda Spain da Girka suka haɗa kai a shekarar 1868): kowannensu zai mallaki kuɗin ƙasa (franc, lira, peseta, drachma) wanda darajarsa ta kai 4.5. g na azurfa ko 0.290322 na zinariya (mai kyau), duk ana iya musanya su da yardar kaina a cikin adadin 1: 1. A shekarun 1870, an sanya darajar zinare a matsayin mizani mai ɗorewa, yanayin da zai ci gaba har zuwa 1914.

A shekarar 1926, Belgium da Faransa sun fuskanci raguwar darajar kuɗi da kuma raguwar kwarin gwiwa kwatsam, wanda ya haifar da gabatar da sabuwar kuɗin zinare don mu'amalar ƙasashen duniya, da kuma ficewar ƙasar daga ƙungiyar kuɗi, wadda ta daina wanzuwa a ƙarshen shekara. Haɗin gwiwar kuɗi na Belgium da Luxembourg na 1921 ya tsira kuma ya kafa tushen cikakken haɗin gwiwar tattalin arziki a 1932.

Kamar Faransa, Faransawan Belgian da Luxembourg sun daina wanzuwa a ranar 1 ga Janairun 1999, lokacin da suka tsaya cak a 1. EUR = 40.3399 BEF/LUF, don haka franc na Belgium ko Luxembourg ya kai darajar €0.024789. Tsoffin tsabar kuɗi da takardun kuɗi na franc sun rasa matsayinsu na doka a ranar 28 ga Fabrairu, 2002.

Franc ɗaya na Luxembourg ya yi daidai da Franc ɗaya na Belgium. An yi cinikin franc na Belgium bisa doka a cikin Luxembourg, kuma franc na Luxembourg bisa doka a duk faɗin Belgium. (A zahiri, shaguna da kasuwanci a lardin Luxembourg na Belgium sun karɓi kuɗin Luxembourg a matsayin hanyar biyan kuɗi ne kawai, kusa da Grand Duchy na Luxembourg mai zaman kansa, wannan saboda dalilai na tarihi.)

Sunan franc na ƙasar Belgium daidai yake da na ƙasar Holland da Jamusanci, sauran harsunan hukuma na ƙasar Belgium, an yi shi ne frank . A Luxembourg ana kiran franc Frang (jam'i na Frangen ) a cikin harshen Luxembourgish .

Franc na Switzerland da kuma Liechtenstein

Swiss franc ( lambar ISO : CHF ko 756; German  ; Italian ), wanda ya yi tasiri sosai idan aka kwatanta da sabon kuɗin Turai daga Afrilu zuwa Satumba 2000, ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin mafi ƙarfi a duniya, wanda darajarsa As of Agusta 2023 sama da Yuro ɗaya kawai. Ana amfani da kuɗin Swiss franc a Switzerland da kuma Liechtenstein. Liechtenstein tana da ikon sarrafa kuɗinta, wato Liechtenstein franc, wanda take yi lokaci zuwa lokaci don tunawa ko dalilai na gaggawa.

Sunan ƙasar "Ƙungiyar Swiss" yana cikin wasu tsabar kuɗi a cikin Latin ( Confoederatio Helvetica ), domin Switzerland tana da harsuna huɗu na hukuma, waɗanda duk ana amfani da su a kan takardun kuɗi. An taƙaita sunan "Fr." a kan tsabar kuɗi wanda shine taƙaitaccen bayani a cikin dukkan harsuna huɗu.