planning

The first major component of internal accounting systems for management’s use is the company’s system for establishing budgetary plans and setting performance standards. The setting of performance standards (see below Performance reporting) also requires a system for measuring actual results and reporting differences between…

…vertical, and horizontal communication; (2) planning—forecasting personnel requirements in terms of numbers and special qualifications, scheduling inputs, and anticipating the need for appropriate managerial policies and programs; (3) staffing, or manning—analyzing jobs, developing job descriptions and specifications, appraising and maintaining an inventory of available capabilities, recruiting, selecting, placing, transferring, demoting,…