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Cedar Hill Cemetery (Part II): powerful orisas at the crossroads

Posted in Uncategorized on February 9, 2009 by crd2

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[OFFERING TO ESU-ELEGUA]

At the crossroads stands the orisa Esu-Elegua, the trickster who mediates between God and man.  Always with a voracious appetite, always impish, sometimes irrational, he must be sated first before communing with the orisa Oya.  He favors coconuts, palm oil, rum or gin, cigars, smoked fish, bitter kola nut, yams, honey or any other sweets.  Oya  assists the transition from life to death.  A cunning warrior and guardian of the cemetery, she has ultimate authority to withhold the last breath.  Though loyal to her children, she can wreak great vengeance upon the dishonorable with powerful winds, hurricanes, tornadoes.   To supplicate her, offer female goat, eggplant, cooked corn meal, grape wine, grapes, gin, rum, kola nuts, plantains, palm oil, rooster, black beans with rice, anything spicy, fruit, okra soup, fish, cornstarch porridge, and akara.

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[OFFERING TO OYA]

Cedar Hill Cemetery (Part I): Californians in Frankford

Posted in Uncategorized with tags , , , , on February 2, 2009 by crd2

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[CALIFORNIA BRIGADE MONUMENT, FRANKFORD]

Acid rain had ravaged the old memorial sitting at the apex of Bustleton and Frankford Avenues such that the side facing Frankford with its gnarled El and well worn houses was barely legible. At first sight in the strong sunlight of early afternoon winter the letters appeared as “Caledonian”, a good guess considering the Celtic roots of the Quaker City. It was, to be sure, a Civil War monument—the battles “Siege of Yorktown”, “Siege of Richmond”, “Oaks Swamp”, “Chancellorsville” telling indisputably of its origin. But its popular label as a generic “Civil War Monument” is both a testament to its physical illegibility as it is to its physical disconnection to the great city that erected it.


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The monument sits on an elevated plateau at a rond point at the ceremonial entrance of Cedar Hill Cemetery. Entering the gates off of Frankford, devotees of the dead would have encountered a stern wall of mausalea and the vertical plinth of the Civil War memorial. Heading left or right along upwardly graded entrance roads, one would approach the level of the memorial and be able to inspect its marble plinth topped by an eagle fiercely protecting the Star Spangled Banner.

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[MAUSOLEA, CEDAR HILL CEMETERY]

In the days when visitors sauntered in off of streetcar and elevated to commune with the spirit and memory of the dead, the presence of memory would have made viewing the memorial a supremely prideful experience. Now the gates are closed, no doubt the response to the ways in which trouble bleeds into open, unregulated spaces. Today, the only permanent access point to the original Cedar Hill Cemetery (there are satellite campuses north of Cheltenham Ave. and east of Frankford) is by a gate off of Cheltenham. Before acid raid, weathering, and our repressed security-conscious environment, entering off of Frankford all would have been made clear. This was not some memorial to a murky Civil War victorious past. This was a memorial to the Californians.

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[LOOKING SOUTHWEST, CALIFORNIA BRIGADE MEMORIAL]

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South Street Bridge: noticing for the first (last) time

Posted in Uncategorized on January 20, 2009 by crd2

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When the South Street Bridge functioned as a connector, a canvas, a viewing platform it tended to recede from our consciousness. Undoubtedly, its workaday humility assisted its recession. It was, in a way, gone before it was demolished.

A structure is most legible at the points of birth and death; its interconnections are more discernible as they are added to and then subtracted from. In this way a building is more public in disuse, more open to interrogation in deconstruction, more candidly explanatory of its parts in dismemberment.

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Having images of the South Street Bridge’s birth and death, being able to see girders emplaced in 1923 on a cold Saturday in 2009 produces in the words of the mnemonist S.V. Shereshevskii, “the shock of the short circuit of time.” While this leads to the commonplace observation that the past isn’t so far away, these two moments exist outside irreversible profane time.

We can interpret destruction and rebirth at the same important site to be a kind of preservation of the universe by perpetual re-creation.

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If it recoiled from our perception as an object, now the bridge is paradoxically present as absence. A project like the South Street Bridge demolition lures us in with its great yawning absence growing ever larger. Curiously we are captivated by openness: absence where there was once confinement, enclosure, and presence.

This sense, though, is fleeting.  On a practical level the city can only be understood as a series of concrete realities in space.  For things to mean anything—for us to make meaningful lives we are drawn to this basic reality rather than to vacancy.

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But there is value to demolition beyond inducing melancholy. “We concentrate on inauguration,” the environmental psychologist Kevin Lynch writes, “so singlemindedly.” Demolition presents an opportunity to develop a past conversant with present and future, to feel know the process of building more intimately, to register our appreciations and to feel, alternately, the quickening sense of time and standing outside of normal time.

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What’s your definition of “for ever”?

Posted in Uncategorized with tags on December 31, 2008 by crd2

[CARNEGIE DEDICATION PLAQUES FROM FREE LIBRARY BRANCHES]

South Street Bridge: The End is the Beginning

Posted in Bridges, Philadelphia, Schuylkill River, South Street Bridge, built environment with tags on December 9, 2008 by crd2

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Hog Island Shipyard: Context and Discoveries

Posted in Industrial Archaeology, Infrastructure, built environment on December 3, 2008 by crd2

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[GOOGLE EARTH/HOG ISLAND SHIPYARD OVERLAY SHOWING SHIPWAYS]

My essay on the machine island of Hog Island is available on Phillyhistory.org.  In that forum I present a nuts-and-bolts overview of the establishment of the facility, if a little indebted to James J. Martin’s revisionist essay on the mismanagement of the site. Martin’s essay, “The Saga of Hog Island, 1917-1920: The Story of the First Great War Boondoggle” is methodical and strident though slightly limited in its treatment of the social/labor dimensions of the site.  Martin’s direct point is that the site was an utter failure, producing no meaningful warships to carry the fight to Europe during the conflict. But the larger design of his piece is to demythologize our patriotic appreciation of a disinterested private sector laying down its essential business to help the country in time of war.

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Washington Ave. Case Study: The Transformation of the Union Burial Ground

Posted in Uncategorized with tags , , , , , , on November 12, 2008 by crd2

A Temple University economic geographer, Sanjoy Chakravorty, writes in his study of Indian industrialization that “even post industrial growth, which is characteristic of the more developed nations today, is based on the foundations created by industrial growth.”  As Philadelphia begins to take on the trappings of a global city, its new residents connected to distant countries and capital, Chakravorty’s observation calls us to look at the ways in which the spatial realities of the industrial city are being reworked to meet the needs of a more global Philadelphia.

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[ORIENTAL SUPERMARKET, 6TH AND WASHINGTON AVE.]

Clearly Washington Avenue, once a distinctive functional district of the industrial Philadelphia, is being reworked to fit the postindustrial needs of an increasingly diverse city.  Along the western side of Washington Ave., the historically large building footprints, good access to highways, and the two lane median for loading and unloading goods all make the corridor ideal for building supply wholesalers.  In fact, the two lane median still functions much like the two track railroad that ran down the center of the Avenue until the 1970s.  The building boom of the past decade has grown the building supply wholesale industry, some now under Chinese ownership.

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[PARKING LOT, ORIENTAL SUPERMARKET, FORMER SITE OF UNION BURIAL GROUND]

Just as the building wholesalers have developed a symbiotic relationship with contractors active in residential reinvestment, a similar relationship has developed with the ethnic food stores and their own network of wholesalers.  With good access to the Food Distribution Center further south, and an increasing population of Chinese, Cambodians, Laotians and Vietnamese, large warehouse properties and other disused tracts of land have been repurposed as supermarkets and wholesalers.

While no good research exists to explain how ethnic savings rates, commercial loaning from ethnic banks and strong patronage of ethnic supermarkets have combined to catalyze this transformation of Washington Avenue’s built environment, clearly Southeast Asian communities have developed the financial instruments and the capital to make these reinvestments.  Over the past quarter century, the advantageous land conditions, precise application of ethnic capital and consistent immigration rates have turned Washington Ave. into a vibrant culinary corridor.

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[REMAINS OF MASONRY WALL AND WROUGHT IRON FENCING AT UNION BURIAL GROUND]

The transformation of the Union Burial Ground at 6th and Washington serves as an ideal case study for this process.  Union probably received the most of its interees during the mid to late 19th century, with politicians of middling rank like Congressman Lemuel Paynter and Civil War soldiers buried there.  Because they are reliant on the relatives living close by for their care and upkeep, cemeteries’ conditions can diagnose larger neighborhood transitions.  By the early 1960s, with Delaware Expressway lacerating the heart of Southwark, the declining industrial utility of Washington Ave. and the construction of the racially divisive Southwark Plaza, Union’s stewardship naturally declined.  By 1970, the residents of Union were disinterred and the parcel offered for redvelopment.

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[SOUTH SIDE UNION BURIAL GROUND 1962, FROM FEDERAL ST., WITH SOUTHWARK PLAZA IN BACKGROUND]

Trasfer Here For the Future: SEPTA’s New Silverliner V Preview

Posted in Uncategorized with tags , , , , on October 2, 2008 by crd2

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One of SEPTA’s brand spanking new ROTEM-Hyundai-built (American assembled) Silverliner V cars is on permanent display on Suburban Station’s Track 0 until October 15.  And if you’re bewildered by the LCD screens and strangely placed doors at quarter points there are about 15 SEPTA personnel on the platform prepared to guide you through the boarding and detraining process.  And in a bit of nimble PR, SEPTA prepared a handout to address the inevitable questions about their circumvention of the Buy American contract clause.  Entitled “Silverliner V Philadelphia Regional Manufacturers”, the sheet lists the regional firms that will supply components for the assembly.  Batteries from Cherry Hill, operator seats from Exton; HVAC systems from West Chester! Glass from Trumbauersville?  And true to the Regional Rail’s form, Philadelphia is not well represented in the list of suppliers.

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But truly the Silverliner V is a sight to behold.  SEPTA still uses Silverliner IIs that they purchased in the late 1960s.  Not since the 1970s have new trains plied the rails.  New vinyl seats provide peace of mind the old cloth couldn’t.  LCD screens provide directional information, transfer options, and safety advice.  Even better, the LCD screens are supposedly connected to a SEPTA’s central traffic control, enabling real time information to get to passengers.  The doors, which are placed not at the very end of the cars but at quarter points provide greater structural rigidity in case of a collision.  New exterior LED info lights means no more ganking blue ”R5 Paoli” signs.  The station stop announcement is detailed and discernible if a little roboty.  And there’s additional space for both bikes and wheelchairs.  But like any bright shiny new public technology handed down to the citizens of Philadelphia, there will have to be some hardening/securing/downscaling of some of the bells and whistles.  For instance, I don’t know how long the LCD screens will last without some sort of plastic coating for easy graffiti removal or general protection.

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The unknown ferry

Posted in Uncategorized on October 2, 2008 by crd2

BERJAYA

Flashing back to the late 1990s, an unknown enterprising nightclub operator saw promise in an untapped market.  While most of the city no longer earned their living from the docks and wharfs of the city’s rivers, this operator heard the silent clamoring of the city’s youth for a sexy yet salty nighttime party experience.  The records shed no light on whether the S.S. Philadelphia nee Sandria was docked at pier 40 north or was brought to this slip, the ex-ferry S.S. Philadelphia came into being to convey yearning partygoers to all the romance of Philadelphia’s waterfront.

BERJAYA

Though there’s a bit of buyer beware not heeded here, in the defense of whomever tried to breath life into this nautical Frankenstein, there are structural obstacles to adaptive reuse of former working river craft.  The S.S. United States, arguably the apotheosis of the transatlantic liner, has not attracted the attention of developers.  The Schuylkill has had more success in appearing more coastal than the heavily industrialized Delaware.  The disaster at Heat in 2000 also probably weighs heavily on investors.  The fact is that while the impulse for reinvention of our riverfronts is strong, the reality of sunken tugboats leeching oil and burned out ferries mars the image of our rivers as a Jimmy Buffetized chill zone.

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Ther may have been something to partyting on the S.S. Philadelphia and all things have their time and place but who can deny the dubiousness of packing an old ferry with crowds pulsing to “All I Have to Give” while the rank odors of the oily Delaware waft over the party patios?  The hot tub situated at the stern of the S.S. Philadelphia is just as perplexing.  Alcohol has an ability to take you away but perhaps not far enough.

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Philadelphia’s only ferry boat nightclub, the S.S. Philadelphia, is not long for this world.  On August 28, 2008 the Army Corps of Engineers authorized a plan by West Highland Holdings, L.P. to construct a 43 story, 264 unit high rise on the 40N pier.  What’s standing in the way of this move is the poor S.S. Philadelphia, which caught fire in 1999 and whose being strangled by her own mooring.  Highland proposes to scrap the ferry and demolish the whole of the pier 40N structure to build a new public park and the high rise on new pier on 949 steel pilings.

BERJAYA

Until then, the S.S. Philadelphia lies a moulderin’ in its grave.

For those who like maps: Temple’s Metropolitan Philadelphia Indicators Project

Posted in Uncategorized with tags , , , on September 7, 2008 by crd2

While there’s a lot of good geospatial data clearinghouses and GIS resources out there, it is rare to get the combination deep analysis and digestibility reflected in Temple University’s Philadelphia Metropolitan Regional Indicators (MPIP) project.

Their approach involves aggregating socioeconomic and population data, infusing this data with more subjective judgments on perception and attitude and projecting these onto a regional geography over time. The result: a series of snapshots of regional “indicators” – a state of the region’s socioeconomic conditions, housing, transportation, attitudes towards government and taxes and the environment among others.

BERJAYA

What makes this research so compelling is the elegant succinctness of the conclusions when coupled with the GIS mapping. Take for instance their report on regional transportation realities, appropriately entitled “Regional Rails”. Map 2 in the section shows “transit buffers” or facilities in the region within the context of population change. With the highest proximity of stations in areas with less than 90 percent change ratio (population loss) and fewer or no stations in largely suburban townships with “explosive growth” we understand with just a glance the infrastructural constraints of SEPTA’s system. [Think too of how necessary but insufficient the 3 mile $51 million extension to Wawa is in light of this data.]

This reality forces a reassessment of the perennial transit problems of the region: adapting an essentially late 19th and early 20th century system to the widening spatial gap between work and home and curbing the auto driven sprawl tendencies of the last 60 years. In this vein the authors of “Regional Rails” applaud some best practices efforts at transit oriented design in both the older redeveloping urban areas and newer suburban areas looking to address the fluidity of job location. There’s mention in this section of some best practices that communities, government, developers, and real estate professionals are engaging to build in access to transit.

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[Percent population without automobile -- shaded = higher]

But the MPIP is more than just idle data. Clearly, this research is intended to drive policy—especially with its kind of economic valuation of investment in green infrastructure. Drawing from the data and conclusions developed through their Pennypack Creek Watershed study, the people at Temple’s MPIP and Center for Sustainable Communities have framed the issue of regional watershed health as having not just ecological significance but also a clear economic cost in higher flood insurance rates, more investments in water health and stream stabilization, and ultimately bigger state and federal payouts for property owners affected by formerly minor storm events.

If this kind of data driven analysis appeals to you the MPIP has aggregated tremendous amounts of data and made it accessible for creating custom-built maps. This is possible with Penn’s Cartographic Modeling Lab’s Neighborhood Information System, but the MetroPhilaMapper has a regional scope and encompasses more indicators.