Species

taxonomic rank, rank in zoology, rank in botany
Subclass of	taxon
Part of	subseries, subgenus
Facet of	taxonomy
Significant person	Aristotle, John Ray, Carl Linnaeus, Charless Darwin
Has cause	speciation
Has characteristic	type specimen, binomial nomenclature
Used by	scientist, conservation biology
Model item	Balaenoptera musculus, Raphus cucullatus

Alauwa jilitiloa (pl. species) du shima yaktǝram alaube-a kuru daraja taxonomyibe-a, kuru alauwa jilitiloa. Raktǝ bayantin kufu donyi organismwa ye kura ma, shidonyi alauwa indi donyi jinsi fal lan, tada sawandin, musamman maro kǝnzanza jima'i lan. Diwalwa gade alauwa jilitiloa bayantǝbedǝ sandima karyotype-a, siltǝram DNA-a, morphologya-a, haldo-a aubiya kǝndaram nza-a. Kǝlâ adu ye, malǝm ilmu palaeontologya ye ilmu chronospecies ye faidatana awo do fossil ye kǝnzanza du ngaltin ba ma. Adadu alauwa jilitiloa eukaryotesbedə kate miliyon 8-a 8.7-ayen kara.^[1]^[2]^[3] Alama 14% yeyi suro saa 2011 yen bayantəna.[3] Jili alauwa jilitiloa sammaso (virusesdǝ sawunbaro) sandiro su indi, "binomen" bowotin. Nasha buro salakbe binomenbedǝ shima su genusbewo shido alauwa jilitiloa. Sashi kǝnindimi dǝ sha su tagan be lan bowotin awu epithet taganasbe lan botin (suro tartip botanybe lan, kuru loktu laan su zoologybe lan). Alaman, Boa constrictordǝ kusunyi jili Boa ye falnza, constrictordǝ shima su taganasbewo.

Ma'ana donyi samin tǝna dǝ buro salak lan ngǝlaro turin yayi, loktu ngǝlaro wutiya, sandi dǝ alauwa jilitiloa kazǝyiya wakilzayin. Misallo, kalangai alauwa jilitiloa karǝngǝadǝ asutinbaro waljin hybridizationlan, suro alauwa jilitiloa kadaa samun microspeciesbedǝn, kuru suro alauwa jilitiloa kulumben. Kuruson, suru nji alaube donyi jinsi ba lan tada gozain ma du, tartip donyi alauwa jilitiloa kǝnzambi be dǝa kalkaljin, kuru alauwa jilitiloa donyi clonalbe lan tuwandin. Sandi anyi sammaso ma'ananza cotmaro yitagatsəgənyi sonyayi, kuru sandi alauwa jilitiloa sodə alau kəngaye kamil gəyi sonyayi, kuwamiyayi shidə barimi faidaa kimiyawu-a nzəliwowu-a ro kənəga dunnyabe kəratəro, nəmzaulanzə tiworibedə muradətənyimaro. Sa alauwa jilitiloa sodǝga kamanza na gade-gaden ruwotǝnaro wallonowa, kaziyi bawo, sonyayi diwaldo alauwa jilitiloa wuratǝbe sawudǝn. Adǝye ilmuwu taxonomybedǝga mburo walzǝna, misallo, sado faltǝdo kaduwu fossilbedǝa chronospecies kadaro yaktinro, aubiya sado juwunzadǝ tartǝna halla gade-gade tuwondǝro shido cladistic speciesro bowotinma.

Jili alagǝwabe-a kuru taxa kura-adǝ sandiya Aristotlelan sǝta karnu kǝn 18thro sadǝnamaro turin, sandima yaktǝdo saraitǝramdǝa saraitǝnama, safsǝrdo kǝnǝngabe kuradǝn. Suro karnu kǝn 19th mi lan, mallumma biologiya ye asuzana kǝla shi alauwa jilitiloa dǝ raksǝ faltin loktu ngǝlro tǝdiya. Kitawu Charles Darwinbe saa 1859be kǝla furtu alauwa jilitiloaben lǝbsǝnamadǝye bayanzǝna kǝla futu alauwa jilitiloa kartǝ alaubemen sawandindǝro. Asutu shima adǝ karnu kǝn 20th ye dǝlan tartǝna, geneticya a ecologiya nǝm nguwunza so lan. Faltǝdo alaubedǝ fafaltǝ-a kuru waltǝm kǝltǝ-alan cijin, amma nji alaubedǝ mowonjin, shidǝye kǝndǝgaro yakcin kuru alaubedǝye gǝrzǝyin kazǝyi kartǝbe gade-gaden. Jinsodǝ loktu laan kate alauwa jilitiloaben faltin futu jin bowatalan; jili alagǝwa bǝlin duwaro cizayin futu kǝltǝ-a kuru polyploidy-a men; kuru alauwa jilitiloadə dalilla kada nankaro baro walzayin, awowa kada baro walzayin suro gargamben. Virusesdǝ awo taganasbe, faltǝ-a kartǝ-aye sha suwudin, kuru sandiya quasispeciesbero gotin.

Bayen Malǝmma Biologiya a taxonomiyaya alauwa jilitiloa bayantǝro ngǝnǝktǝ kada sadǝna, morphologya lan badiza geneticya ro lezaa. Mallumma taxonomyiya burwoye alama Linnaeus yedǝn karno bawo sai awo sorunzadǝa bayanzan: adǝma daren typologiya awu morphologiya alauwa jilitiloa ro kalakkatǝ. Ernst Mayr ye duno cina kǝla kǝnzambi ye dǝro, amma adǝ, alamanna alauwa gade so yeyi, zauro zau aubiya muwonjin ba, karapka donyi alauwa ye donyi nasha lan aubiya loktu lan yakkata ma.[

^[4]^[5] Dare lan ilmuwu biology ye dəye fasari Mayr ye dəga faltəro jarabsana, asutə-a kəltə-a lan, awo gade so’a.[6] Raayiwa ngəwuso samun au kəltana, adə nankaro sandiya isaftəro kəske gənyi: ilmuma biologybe R. L. Maydenbe raayiwa 24 ruwozəna,[7] kuru falsafama kimiyabe John Wilkinsdə 26 isafsəna.^[6] Wilkins ye waltǝ alauwa jilitiloa tulurro yakkono: (1) alauwa jilitiloa alauwa donyi jinsǝ ba ma (2) biospecies donyi alauwa donyi kǝnzambi lan tuwandin ma (3) ecospecies donyi kǝndaram nzaye (4) alauwa donyi alauwa donyi morphobe lan tuwandin ma. phenotype-a (7) jili alagǝwabe-a, jili alagǝwabe futu ilmuwu jili alagǝwabe asuzana yeyi.[8]

Jili alagǝwabe au morfologibe

Tits Eurasianbe samma laununza fal, tawadǝro morphospeciesdǝa asutin.[9] Typological species du shima karapka nji alaube donyi amsoye awo laa noata ma (jili, shidonyi 'nominal species' kartǝna dǝye bayanjin ma), adǝye sǝkǝ am donyi kawu ilmu kǝrazana dǝye taxon fal dǝa asuzayin futu ilmuwu taxonomybe zaman be dǝa asuzayin yeyi.[10][11] Kashimowa zamanbe-a kuru websitewa asutəbe-a jili iNaturalistsodə asutə adə faidatayin. Shi clusters variatbedǝ

Lamintǝ

[1] ttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Species#cite_note-1

[2] ttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Species#cite_note-2

[3] ttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Species#cite_note-PLOS_2011-3

[4] ttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Species#cite_note-5

[5] ttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Species#cite_note-5

[6] ttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Species#cite_note-Zelnio-4

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