Race, Socioeconomic Status, and Health The Added Effects of Racism and Discrimination

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PDF file j.1749-6632.1999.tb08114.x.pdf (80.77 KB)

Abstract

Higher disease rates for blacks (or African Americans) compared to whites are pervasive and persistent over time, with the racial gap in mortality widening in recent years for multiple causes of death. Other racial/ethnic minority populations also have elevated disease risk for some health conditions. This paper considers the complex ways in which race and socioeconomic status (SES) combine to affect health. SES accounts for much of the observed racial disparities in health. Nonetheless, racial differences often persist even at “equivalent” levels of SES. Racism is an added burden for nondominant populations. Individual and institutional discrimination, along with the stigma of inferiority, can adversely affect health by restricting socioeconomic opportunities and mobility. Racism can also directly affect health in multiple ways. Residence in poor neighborhoods, racial bias in medical care, the stress of experiences of discrimination and the acceptance of the societal stigma of inferiority can have deleterious consequences for health.

Other identifiers

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=retrieve&db=pubmed&list_uids=10681897&dopt=citation

Other DOIs

http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08114.x

Other Titles

Citation

WILLIAMS, DAVID R. (1999). "Race, Socioeconomic Status, and Health The Added Effects of Racism and Discrimination." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 896(1 SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS AND HEALTH IN INDUSTRIAL NATIONS: SOCIAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL, AND BIOLOGICAL PATHWAYS ): 173-188. <http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/71908>

Publisher

Blackwell Publishing Ltd

ISBN

ISSN

0077-8923
1749-6632

ISMN

Other Identifiers

PMID

10681897

Government Doc no.

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Series/Report no.

Subjects

Description

Types

Article

Collections

Interdisciplinary and Peer-Reviewed

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