close
Jump to content

Ephedrine

From Wikipedia
(−)-ephedrine
type of chemical entity
Subclass of(1R)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenyl-1-propanol Edit
Get useMedication Edit
Stylized nameePHEDrine Edit
Stereoisomer of(+)-ephedrine, (−)-pseudoephedrine, (+)-pseudoephedrine Edit
Chemical formulaC₁₀H₁₅NO Edit
Canonical SMILESCC(C(C1=CC=CC=C1)O)NC Edit
Isomeric SMILESC[C@@H]([C@@H](C1=CC=CC=C1)O)NC Edit
Active ingredient inAKOVAZ, Corphedra Edit
World Health Organisation international non-proprietary nameephedrine Edit
Medical condition treatedrhinitis, asthma, orthostatic hypotension Edit
Significant drug interactionphenelzine, phenelzine, phenelzine, phenelzine Edit
Pregnancy categoryAustralian pregnancy category A Edit

Ephedrine be a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant den sympathomimetic agent wey often be used to prevent low blood pressure during anesthesia.[1] E sanso be used for asthma, narcolepsy, den obesity buh e no be de preferred treatment.[1] E be of unclear benefit insyd nasal congestion.[1] Dem fi take am by mouth anaa by injection into a muscle, vein, anaa just under de skin.[1] Onset plus intravenous use be fast, while injection into a muscle fi take 20 minutes, den by mouth fi take an hour for effect.[1] Wen given by injection, e dey last about an hour, den wen taken by mouth, e fi last up to four hours.[1]

Common side effects dey include trouble sleeping, anxiety, headache, hallucinations, high blood pressure, fast heart rate, loss of appetite, den urinary retention.[1] Serious side effects dey include stroke den heart attack.[1] While probably safe insyd pregnancy, ein use insyd dis population be poorly studied.[2][3] Use during breastfeeding no be recommended.[3] Ephedrine dey work by inducing de release of norepinephrine den hence indirectly dey activate de α- den β-adrenergic receptors.[1] Chemically, ephedrine be a substituted amphetamine wey e be de (1R,2S)-enantiomer of β-hydroxy-N-methylamphetamine.[4]

Na dem first isolate ephedrine insyd 1885 wey e cam into commercial use insyd 1926.[5][6] E dey on de World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[7] E be available as a generic medication.[1] E normally fi be found insyd plants of de Ephedra genus.[1][8] Over-the-counter dietary supplements wey dey contain ephedrine be illegal insyd de United States,[1] plus de exception of those dem use insyd traditional Chinese medicine, wer ein presence be noted by má huáng.[1][8]

References

[edit | edit source]
  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 "Ephedrine". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 2017-09-09. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
  2. ↑ Briggs GG, Freeman RK, Yaffe SJ (2011). Drugs in pregnancy and lactation: a reference guide to fetal and neonatal risk (9th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 495. ISBN 978-1-60831-708-0. Archived from the original on 2017-09-08.
  3. 1 2 "Ephedrine Pregnancy and Breastfeeding Warnings". Archived from the original on 5 August 2017. Retrieved 8 October 2017.
  4. ↑ "Ephedrine". PubChem. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
  5. ↑ Soni MG, Shelke K, Amin R, Talati (2013). "A Lessons from the Use of Ephedra Products as a Dietary Supplement". In Bagchi D, Preuss HG (eds.). Obesity epidemiology, pathophysiology, and prevention (2nd ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. p. 692. ISBN 978-1-4398-5426-6. Archived from the original on 2017-09-08.
  6. ↑ Fischer J, Ganellin CR (2006). Analogue-based Drug Discovery. John Wiley & Sons. p. 541. ISBN 978-3-527-60749-5.
  7. ↑ World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 22nd list (2021). Geneva: World Health Organization. 2021. hdl:10665/345533. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2021.02.
  8. 1 2 Abourashed EA, El-Alfy AT, Khan IA, Walker L (August 2003). "Ephedra in perspective—a current review". Phytotherapy Research. 17 (7): 703–712. doi:10.1002/ptr.1337. PMID 12916063. S2CID 41083359.
[edit | edit source]
Dem retrieve am from "https://gpe.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ephedrine&oldid=98272"