vier

See also: Vier and vièr

Languages (20)

Translingual • English

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Afrikaans • Alemannic German • Bavarian • Central Franconian • Dutch • Galician • German • Latin • Livonian • Middle Dutch • Norwegian Bokmål • Pennsylvania German • Portuguese • Romanian • Slovak • West Flemish • Yola • Zealandic

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Page categories

Translingual

Etymology

Borrowed from German vier (“four”).

Noun

vier

1. (chess) Spoken by a player during a match with one or more visually impaired players to indicate the fourth rank in algebraic notation.

References

• FIDE Laws of Chess 2023

English

Etymology

Etymology tree

English vie

Proto-Indo-European *-yósder.

Proto-Italic *-āzios

Latin -āriusnom.

Latin -āriusbor.

Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz

Proto-West Germanic *-ārī

Old English -ere

Middle English -ere

English -er

English vier

From vie + -er.

Noun

vier (plural viers)

1. One who vies for something.
   • 1991, Diane Lynch Fraser, Playdancing, page 90:

     Evidently, there were two children vying for a third's attention. The two attention viers were engaged in a series of gymnastic feats on a small portable trampoline. Two girls were trying to outdo each other to impress the third child, a boy.

Anagrams

• Rive, Irve, iver, vire, Iver, rive

Afrikaans

Afrikaans numbers ^(edit)

	40
←  3	4	5  →
Cardinal: vier     Ordinal: vierde     Ordinal abbreviation: 4de

Etymology

From Dutch vier, from Middle Dutch vier, from Old Dutch *viuwar, *vier, from Proto-Germanic *fedwōr, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwṓr, the neuter form of *kʷetwóres.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /fir/

• Audio:

  (file)

Numeral

vier

1. four

Alemannic German

cardinal number

4	Previous:	drüü
	Next:	foif

Etymology

From Middle High German vier, from Old High German fior, from Proto-West Germanic *feuwar, from Proto-Germanic *fedwōr. Cognate with German vier, Dutch vier, English four, Icelandic fjórir.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /fiər/

Numeral

vier

1. four

Derived terms

• Zvieri

Bavarian

Bavarian numbers ^(edit)

←  3	4	5  → [a], [b], [c], [d]
Cardinal: vier, viere

Alternative forms

• viere
• via, fiar (spelling)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /fiɐ̯/

  • Audio:

    (file)

Numeral

vier

1. four

Central Franconian

Etymology

From Middle High German vier, from Old High German fior, from Proto-West Germanic *feuwar, from Proto-Germanic *fedwōr, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwóres.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /fiə̯/

Numeral

vier

1. (most dialects) four

Dutch

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /vir/, [viːr], [viər], [f-]

• Audio (Belgium); [viːr]:

  (file)

• Audio (Netherlands); [v̥i̘ə̯ʀ]:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: vier
• Rhymes: -ir
• Homophone: fier (many northern speakers)

Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch vier, from Old Dutch *fiuwar, *viuwar, *vier, from Proto-West Germanic *feuwar, from Proto-Germanic *fedwōr, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwṓr, the neuter form of *kʷetwóres.

Numeral

Dutch numbers ^(edit)

	40
←  3	4	5  →
Cardinal: vier     Ordinal: vierde     Ordinal abbreviation: 4e, 4de

vier

1. four

   Die vier zijn natuurlijk blij, maar laten we ook denken aan het verdriet van de vier die zijn afgewezen. ― Those four are of course happy, but let us also think of the sadness of the four who were rejected.

   Ik heb vandaag rond vieren tijd om af te spreken. ― I have time to meet up around four o'clock today.

   De sporters trainden met zijn vieren. ― The athletes trained with the four of them together.

Derived terms

• gevieren
• halfvier
• klavertjevier
• vierde
• vierdelig
• vierendelen
• vierenhalf
• vierhoek
• vierhoog
• vierkant
• vierklauwens
• vierkwartsmaat
• vierledig
• vierling
• viermaal
• vierschaar
• viertal
• viertrapsraket
• vieruurtje
• viervlak
• viervorst
• viervoud
• vierwerf

Related terms

• veertien
• veertig
• vierde

Descendants

• Afrikaans: vier
• Berbice Creole Dutch: firi
• Jersey Dutch: vîr
• Negerhollands: vier, veer, fi
• Skepi Creole Dutch: firi
• → Trió: pirë

Noun

vier m (plural vieren, diminutive viertje n)

1. a sign for or representation of four

   De vier op zijn shirt was nauwelijks meer te zien. ― The four on his shirt was barely visible anymore.

2. the value four, e.g. as a score

   Hij had veel onvoldoendes, drie vijven en een vier. ― He had many failing grades, three fives and one four.

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

vier

1. inflection of vieren:
   1. first-person singular present indicative
   2. (in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative
   3. imperative

Etymology 3

See vuur.

Noun

vier n (plural vieren, diminutive viertje n)

1. dialectal form of vuur (“fire”)

Galician

Verb

vier

1. (reintegrationist norm) first/third-person singular future subjunctive of vir

German

German numbers ^(edit)

	40
←  3	4	5  →
Cardinal: vier     Ordinal: vierte     Sequence adverb: viertens     Ordinal abbreviation: 4.     Adverbial: viermal     Adverbial abbreviation: 4-mal     Multiplier: vierfach     Multiplier abbreviation: 4-fach     Fractional: Viertel     Polygon: Viereck     Polygon abbreviation: 4-Eck     Polygonal adjective: viereckig     Polygonal adjective abbreviation: 4-eckig
German Wikipedia article on 4

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwṓr

Proto-Germanic *fedwōr

Proto-West Germanic *feuwar

Old High German fior

Middle High German vier

German vier

From Middle High German vier, from Old High German fior, from Proto-West Germanic *feuwar, from Proto-Germanic *fedwōr, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwṓr, the neuter form of *kʷetwóres. Compare Dutch vier, English four, Danish fire, Swedish fyra.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /fiːr/, [fi(ː)ɐ̯]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Audio (Germany (Berlin)):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -iːɐ̯

Numeral

vier

1. (cardinal number) four (numerical value represented by the Arabic numeral 4; or describing a set with four elements)
   • 1682, Benignus Kybler, WunderSpiegl Oder Göttliche Wunderwerck. Dritter und letzter Theil, page 144:

     Bey Ablauffung der fünfften Wochen/ erschine ihr die Himmel-Königin abermahlen/ vnd raichet ein Himmlisches Getranck dar/ welches sie mit allgebürender Ehrerbütigkeit angenommen vnd genossen/ zumahlen sich dermassen erhollet hat / daß ihre Stärcke vnnd Leibs-Kräften weit grösser dann zuvoren/ nit leicht auch von vieren Männern kundte überwunden werden.

     At the elapsion of the fifth week / the heavenly queen appeared to her again / and proferred to her a heavenly drink / that she accepted with appropriate reverence and enjoyed / all the more as she recuperated to such an extent / that her strength and health were much higher than before / and she could not easily be overcome by four men.

Declension

Normally uninflected, but note the following:

• viere (now colloquial, used independently of a noun), e.g. Die Turmuhr schlug viere. ― The clock tower struck four.
• genitive: vierer (literary), e.g. nach Verlauf vierer Jahre ― after the course of four years
• dative: vieren (literary, now used independently of a noun), e.g. der letzte von vieren ― the last of four

Coordinate terms

German cardinal numbers from 0 to 99

	—0	—1	—2	—3	—4	—5	—6	—7	—8	—9
0—	null	eins, (before a noun) ein	zwei	drei	vier	fünf	sechs	sieben	acht	neun
10—	zehn	elf	zwölf	dreizehn	vierzehn	fünfzehn	sechzehn	siebzehn	achtzehn	neunzehn
20—	zwanzig	einundzwanzig	zweiundzwanzig	dreiundzwanzig	vierundzwanzig	fünfundzwanzig	sechsundzwanzig	siebenundzwanzig	achtundzwanzig	neunundzwanzig
30—	Germany, Austria: dreißig Switzerland, Liechtenstein: dreissig	Germany, Austria: einunddreißig Switzerland, Liechtenstein: einunddreissig	Germany, Austria: zweiunddreißig Switzerland, Liechtenstein: zweiunddreissig	Germany, Austria: dreiunddreißig Switzerland, Liechtenstein: dreiunddreissig	Germany, Austria: vierunddreißig Switzerland, Liechtenstein: vierunddreissig	Germany, Austria: fünfunddreißig Switzerland, Liechtenstein: fünfunddreissig	Germany, Austria: sechsunddreißig Switzerland, Liechtenstein: sechsunddreissig	Germany, Austria: siebenunddreißig Switzerland, Liechtenstein: siebenunddreissig	Germany, Austria: achtunddreißig Switzerland, Liechtenstein: achtunddreissig	Germany, Austria: neununddreißig Switzerland, Liechtenstein: neununddreissig
40—	vierzig	einundvierzig	zweiundvierzig	dreiundvierzig	vierundvierzig	fünfundvierzig	sechsundvierzig	siebenundvierzig	achtundvierzig	neunundvierzig
50—	fünfzig	einundfünfzig	zweiundfünfzig	dreiundfünfzig	vierundfünfzig	fünfundfünfzig	sechsundfünfzig	siebenundfünfzig	achtundfünfzig	neunundfünfzig
60—	sechzig	einundsechzig	zweiundsechzig	dreiundsechzig	vierundsechzig	fünfundsechzig	sechsundsechzig	siebenundsechzig	achtundsechzig	neunundsechzig
70—	siebzig	einundsiebzig	zweiundsiebzig	dreiundsiebzig	vierundsiebzig	fünfundsiebzig	sechsundsiebzig	siebenundsiebzig	achtundsiebzig	neunundsiebzig
80—	achtzig	einundachtzig	zweiundachtzig	dreiundachtzig	vierundachtzig	fünfundachtzig	sechsundachtzig	siebenundachtzig	achtundachtzig	neunundachtzig
90—	neunzig	einundneunzig	zweiundneunzig	dreiundneunzig	vierundneunzig	fünfundneunzig	sechsundneunzig	siebenundneunzig	achtundneunzig	neunundneunzig

German cardinal numbers from 100 onward

• 100: hundert, einhundert
• 10³: tausend, eintausend
• 10⁴: zehntausend (Myriade)
• 10⁶: Million (tausendmaltausend, tausendtausend)
• 10⁹: Milliarde
• 10¹²: Billion
• 10¹⁵: Billiarde
• 10¹⁸: Trillion
• 10²¹: Trilliarde
• 10²⁴: Quadrillion
• 10²⁷: Quadrilliarde
• 10³⁰: Quintillion
• 10³³: Quintilliarde
• 10³⁶: Sextillion
• 10³⁹: Sextilliarde
• 10⁴²: Septillion
• 10⁴⁵: Septilliarde
• 10⁴⁸: Oktillion
• 10⁵¹: Oktilliarde
• 10⁵⁴: Nonillion
• 10⁵⁷: Nonilliarde
• 10⁶⁰: Dezillion
• 10⁶³: Dezilliarde
• 10⁶⁶: Undezillion
• 10⁶⁹: Undezilliarde
• 10⁷²: Duodezillion
• 10⁷⁵: Duodezilliarde
• 10⁷⁸: Tredezillion
• 10⁸¹: Tredezilliarde
• 10⁸⁴: Quattuordezillion
• 10⁸⁷: Quattuordezilliarde
• 10⁹⁰: Quindezillion
• 10⁹³: Quindezilliarde
• 10⁹⁶: Sexdezillion
• 10⁹⁹: Sexdezilliarde
• 10¹⁰⁰: Googol
• …
• 10¹²⁰: Vigintillion
• 10¹²³: Vigintilliarde
• …

Derived terms

• vierte, vierzig
• vierfach, vierminütig, vierstündig, viertägig, vierwöchig, viermonatig, vierjährig

Related terms

• vierzehn, vierhundert, viertausend
• Viereck, Vierklang, Vierflächner, Vierzeiler

Further reading

• “vier”, in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache‎^[1] (in German)
• “vier” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
• “vier” in Duden online
• vier on the German Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^de

Latin

Verb

vier

1. first-person singular present passive subjunctive of viō

Livonian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈvieˀr/, [ˈvĭ̯eˀr]

Noun

vie’r

1. alternative form of ve’r

Declension

Declension of vie’r (82)

	singular (ikšlu’g)	plural (pǟgiņlu’g)
nominative (nominatīv)	vie’r	vierūd
genitive (genitīv)	vie’r	vierūd
partitive (partitīv)	vīerda	vierīdi
dative (datīv)	vie’rrõn	vierūdõn
instrumental (instrumentāl)	vie’rkõks	vierūdõks
illative (illatīv)	vie’rrõ	vierīž
inessive (inesīv)	vie’rsõ	vie’rši
elative (elatīv)	vie’rstõ	vie’ršti

References

• Tiit-Rein Viitso; Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), “vie’r”, in Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz [Livonian-Estonian-Latvian Dictionary]‎^[2] (in Estonian and Latvian), Tartu, Rīga: Tartu Ülikool, Latviešu valodas aģentūra

Middle Dutch

Etymology 1

From Old Dutch *viuwar, *vier, from Proto-West Germanic *feuwar, from Proto-Germanic *fedwōr, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwṓr, the neuter form of *kʷetwóres.

Numeral

vier

1. four

Descendants

• Dutch: vier
• Limburgish: veer
• Zealandic: vier

Etymology 2

Noun

vier n

1. (Flemish, sometimes Brabant) alternative form of vuur

Inflection

Strong neuter noun

	singular	plural
nominative	vier	vier, viere
accusative	vier	vier, viere
genitive	viers	viere
dative	viere	vieren

Further reading

• “viere (II)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929), “vier (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page I

Norwegian Bokmål

Verb

vier

1. present tense of vie

Pennsylvania German

Pennsylvania German cardinal numbers

<  3	4	5  >
Cardinal : vier     Ordinal : viert

Etymology

From Middle High German vier, from Old High German fior, from Proto-West Germanic *feuwar. Compare German vier, Dutch vier, English four.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /fiːɐ̯/

Numeral

vier

1. four

Portuguese

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /viˈɛ(ʁ)/ [vɪˈɛ(h)], (faster pronunciation) /ˈvjɛ(ʁ)/ [ˈvjɛ(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /viˈɛ(ʁ)/ [vɪˈɛ(h)], (faster pronunciation) /ˈvjɛ(ʁ)/ [ˈvjɛ(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /viˈɛ(ɾ)/ [vɪˈɛ(ɾ)], (faster pronunciation) /ˈvjɛ(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /viˈɛ(ʁ)/ [vɪˈɛ(χ)], (faster pronunciation) /ˈvjɛ(ʁ)/ [ˈvjɛ(χ)]
  • (Caipira) IPA^(key): /viˈɛ(ɻ)/ [vɪˈɛ(ɻ)], (faster pronunciation) /ˈvjɛ(ɻ)/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈvjɛɾ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈvjɛɾ/
  • (Northern Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈbjɛɾ/
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈvjɛ.ɾi/

• Hyphenation: vi‧er

Verb

vier

1. first/third-person singular future subjunctive of vir

Romanian

Etymology 1

Inherited from Latin verrēs.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /vjer/

Noun

vier m (plural vieri)

1. (un-castrated pig) boar
2. (male) wild boar

Declension

	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative-accusative	vier	vierul	vieri	vierii
genitive-dative	vier	vierului	vieri	vierilor
vocative	vierule		vierilor

See also

• mistreț

Etymology 2

From vie (“vineyard”), or from Latin vīneārius.

Alternative forms

• viiariu — archaic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /viˈer/

Noun

vier m (plural vieri)

1. vintager
2. (rare) vine grower

Declension

	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative-accusative	vier	vierul	vieri	vierii
genitive-dative	vier	vierului	vieri	vierilor
vocative	vierule		vierilor

Slovak

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /vɪ̯er/, [ˈʋɪ̯er]
• Rhymes: -ɪ̯er

Noun

vier

1. genitive plural of viera

West Flemish

Etymology

From Middle Dutch vier, variant of vuur, from Old Dutch fuir, from Proto-West Germanic *fuir, from Proto-Germanic *fōr, from Proto-Indo-European *péh₂wr̥.

Noun

vier n

1. fire

Yola

Etymology 1

From Middle English veir (“squirrel fur”, rarely "weasel"), from Old French vair, from Latin varius (“variegated”). Cognate with West English veäre.

Alternative forms

• wyer, vierd

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /vai̯r/, /wai̯r/

Noun

vier

1. weasel

Etymology 2

Noun

vier

1. alternative form of vire (“fire”)

References

• Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828), William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 75

Zealandic

Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch vier, from Old Dutch *viuwar, *vier, from Frankish and Proto-West Germanic *feuwar, from Proto-Germanic *fedwōr, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwṓr, the neuter form of *kʷetwóres.

Numeral

vier

1. four

Etymology 2

From Middle Dutch vier, variant of vuur.

Noun

vier n (plural [please provide])

1. fire