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jar

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: Appendix:Variations of "jar"
Languages (20)
English
Blagar • Czech • Mokilese • North Frisian • Norwegian Bokmål • Norwegian Nynorsk • Old Dutch • Old Frisian • Old High German • Old Saxon • Polish • Romanian • Semai • Serbo-Croatian • Slovak • Somali • Sumerian • Tarifit • Tz'utujil
Page categories

English

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WOTD – 18 March 2019

Pronunciation

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BERJAYA
An ancient Greek amphora, a type of jar (sense 1)[n 1]
BERJAYA
Lidded pharmacy jar with the personifications of Fortuna (sense 1), from 1579, made of maiolica (tin-glazed earthenware)
BERJAYA
Pickled vegetables in jars (sense 2) for sale in Istanbul, Turkey

Etymology 1

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Inherited from Middle English jarre (“jar”), from Medieval Latin jarra,[1] or from Middle French jarre (“liquid measure”) (from Old French jare; modern French jarre (“earthenware jar”)), or from Spanish jarra, jarro (“jug, pitcher; mug, stein”), all from Arabic جَرَّة (jarra, “earthen receptacle”).

The word is cognate with Italian giara (“jar; crock”), Occitan jarro, Portuguese jarra, jarro (“jug; ewer, pitcher”).[2]

The verb is derived from the noun.[3]

Noun

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jar (plural jars)

  1. (originally) An earthenware container, either with two or no handles, for holding oil, water, wine, etc., or used for burial. [from late 16th c.]
    She refilled the jar with peanuts today evening.
    • 17th century?, “There’s Whiskey in the Jar”, in Colm O Lochlainn, compiler, Irish Street Ballads: Collected and Annotated […], New York, N.Y.: Corinth Books, published 1960, →OCLC, page 24:
      As I was going over the far fam'd Kerry mountain / I met with Captain Farrell [a]nd his money he was counting, / I first produced my pistol and I then produced my rapier, / Sayin', "Stand and deliver for you are my bold deceiver,["] / O, Whack fol the diddle, / O, Whack fol the diddle, / O, There's whiskey in the jar / O, Whack fol the diddle, / O, Whack fol the diddle, / O, There's whiskey in the jar.
    • 1848, Leigh Hunt, “Introduction. A Blue Jar from Sicily, and a Brass Jar from the ‘Arabian Nights;’ and What Came Out of Each.”, in A Jar of Honey from Mount Hybla, London: Smith, Elder, and Co., […], →OCLC, page 3:
      [A] certain fisherman, after throwing his nets to no purpose, and beginning to be in despair, succeeded in catching a jar of brass. […] But presently there came out of the jar a vapour, and it rose up towards the heavens, and reached along the face of the earth; and after this, the vapour reached its height, and condensed, and became compact, and waved tremulously, and became an Ufreet (evil spirit), […]
    • 1914, W[illiam] M[atthew] Flinders Petrie, “The Valley Cemetery”, in Tarkhan II (British School of Archaeology in Egypt and Egyptian Research Account: Nineteenth Year, 1913; XXV), London: School of Archaeology in Egypt, University College, […] and Bernard Quaritch, […], →OCLC, page 2, column 2:
      The first view shows the body in the grave, looking southwards; the stack of offering jars lies outside of a little court for offerings which is seen beyond them. Below this is a nearer view of the grave alone. Here is skeleton is in place, an alabaster bowl lies between the face and the knees, and a slate palette over that. Five jars stand around the body.
    • 2008, Judith A. Neiswander, “Individuality and Eclectic Internationalism”, in The Cosmopolitan Interior: Liberalism and the British Home 1870–1914, New Haven, Conn.; London: Published for the Paul Mellon Centre for Studies in British Art by Yale University Press, →ISBN, page 46:
      Lucy Orrinsmith praised the charms of green glazed vases from the Aures mountains and Tunisian coarse clay and terracotta jars.
  3. A small, approximately cylindrical container, normally made of clay or glass, for holding fruit, preserves, etc., or for ornamental purposes.
    Synonyms: cruse, pot
    • 1855, “On Physics, or Natural Philosophy. No. LIX. Effects Produced by the Accumulation of both Electricities.”, in [Robert Wallace], editor, The Popular Educator, volume VI, London: John Cassell, […], →OCLC, page 507, column 1:
      The Leyden jar is charged, like the condenser of Œpinus and the fulminating square, by making one of the armatures communicate with the earth and the other with the electric source.
    • 1865 March 14, G. K. Geyelin, “The Laws of Nature: In Relation to Poultry Keeping from a Commercial Point of View”, in George W. Johnson, Robert Hogg, editors, The Journal of Horticulture, Cottage Gardener, and Country Gentleman. […], volume VIII, number 207 (New Series; volume XXXIII, issue 859 (Old Series)), London: Published for the proprietors, […], →OCLC, page 219, column 2:
      These important deficiencies in air-tight jars for preserving eggs have led me to invent a jar purposely for egg preserving, and which jar is not only perfectly air-tight, but it will show at a glance whether it is so, and how long it remains so, by means of its patent pneumatic self-indicating cap.
  4. A container and its contents; as much as fills such a container; a jarful.
    • 1911 November 21, William A[rthur] Bone, “Surface Combustion in a Boiler”, in Power: Devoted to the Generation and Transmission of Power, volume 34, number 21, New York, N.Y.: Hill Publishing Co., →OCLC, page 767, column 3:
      A smaller plate was immersed, while the combustion was in active operation, in a glass jar of carbonic acid gas without any diminution of the incandescence of its surface, showing that the combustion is independent of the atmosphere in which takes place.
    • 2010 July 27, Christina Perri, “Jar of Hearts”, in Lovestrong:
      Who do you think you are? / Runnin' 'round leaving scars / Collecting your jar of hearts / And tearing love apart
  5. (UK, Ireland, colloquial) A pint glass
  6. (UK, Ireland, colloquial, metonymic) A glass of beer or cider, served by the pint.
    • 2013 March 15, “The Shopping Trolley” (track 10), in Horsing Around‎[2], performed by Richie Kavanagh:
      About a shopping trolley, I thought I'd let ye know. Ya'd try to push it straight but it never seems ta go. Ya'd wobble through the car park, hopping off the cars. Anyone would think ya had a few auld jars.
Hyponyms
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Derived terms
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Translations
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Verb

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jar (third-person singular simple present jars, present participle jarring, simple past and past participle jarred)

  1. (transitive) To preserve (food) in a jar.
    Synonym: bottle
    • 2014, Bridget Heos, “Getting Started”, in Jarring and Canning: Make Your Own Jams, Jellies, Pickles, and More (Urban Gardening and Farming for Teens), New York, N.Y.: Rosen Publishing, →ISBN, page 17:
      It's important to consider the safety of jarring food. Eating food that has been spoiled because it wasn't jarred properly correctly can result in the disease botulism.
Derived terms
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Translations
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Etymology 2

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From earlier jar, jur, jarre, jurre, of uncertain origin. Possibly from earlier *char, *chur, *charre, *churre (now spelt chirr, churr (“to make a sound”); compare also nightjar and its variant nightchurr), from Middle English *chirren, *cherren, *churren (“to sound, cry, murmur, complain”), from Old English ċeorian (“to murmur, gripe, complain with just cause”), from Proto-West Germanic *karēn (“to complain”). For the change of ch to j, compare also charm, jarm (“chirping”); achar, ajar (“slightly turned or open”), chaw, jaw, etc. The noun is derived from the verb.[4]

Noun

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jar (countable and uncountable, plural jars)

  1. (countable) A clashing or discordant set of sounds, particularly with a quivering or vibrating quality.
  2. (countable, also figuratively) A quivering or vibrating movement or sensation resulting from something being shaken or struck.
    Synonym: jolt
  3. (countable, by extension) A sense of alarm or dismay.
  4. (countable) The effect of something contradictory or discordant; a clash.
    • 1891, Thomas Hardy, Tess of the d'Urbervilles, volume 1, London: James R. Osgood, McIlvaine and Co., page 29:
      Besides the jar of contrast there came to her a chill self-reproach that she had not returned sooner, to help her mother in these domesticities, instead of indulging herself out-of-doors.
  5. (countable, now rare) A disagreement, a dispute, a quarrel; (uncountable) contention, discord; quarrelling.
    • 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto II”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 26, page 212:
      So loue does raine / In ſtouteſt minds, and maketh monſtrous warre; / He maketh warre, he maketh peace againe, / And yett his peace is but continuall iarre: / O miſerable men, that to him ſubject arre.
    • 1594, [William Shakespeare], Venus and Adonis, 2nd edition, London: […] Richard Field, […], →OCLC, [verse 17], lines [97–100]:
      I haue beene wooed, as I intreat thee now, / Euen by the ſterne, and direfull God of warre, / VVhoſe ſinowie necke in battel nere did bow, / VVho conquers where he comes in euery iarre; […]
    • 1624, Richard Pots; William Tankard; G. P.; William Simons, compiler, “Chapter XII. The Arrivall of the Third Supply.”, in Iohn [i.e., John] Smith, The Generall Historie of Virginia, New-England, and the Summer Isles: […], London: […] I[ohn] D[awson] and I[ohn] H[aviland] for Michael Sparkes, →OCLC, 3rd booke, page 89:
      To redreſſe thoſe jarres and ill proceedings, the Treaſurer, Councell, and Company of Virginia, not finding that returne, and profit they expected; and them ingaged there, not having meanes to ſubſiſt of themſelues, made meanes to his Maieſtie, to call in their Commiſſion, […]
    • 1682, John Bunyan, The Holy War:
      … Or where the blust’ring threat’ning of great wars
      Do end in parlies, or in wording jars …
    • 1718, [Daniel Defoe], A Vindication of the Press: Or, An Essay on the Usefulness of Writing, on Criticism, and the Qualification of Authors. […], London: Printed for T. Warner, […], →OCLC, page 7:
      But of late the populace of France are not so perfectly enclouded with Superſtition, and if a young Author can pretend to Divine, I think it is eaſy to foreſee that the papal Power will in a very ſhort ſpace be conſiderably leſſen’d if not in a great meaſure diſregarded in that Kingdom, by the inteſtine Jarrs and Diſcords of their Parties for Religion, and the Deſultory Judgments of the moſt conſiderable Prelates.
Translations
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Verb

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jar (third-person singular simple present jars, present participle jarring, simple past and past participle jarred)

  1. (transitive) To knock, shake, or strike sharply, especially causing a quivering or vibrating movement.
    He hit it with a hammer, hoping he could jar it loose.
    • 1850 April 24, “Discussion on Railway Axes, and on the Structural Changes which Iron is Supposed to Undergo from Vibration and Concussion. […]”, in J[oseph] C[linton] Robertson, editor, The Mechanics’ Magazine, Museum, Register, Journal, and Gazette, volume LII, number 1397, London: Robertson and Co., Mechanics’ Magazine Office, […], published 18 May 1850, →OCLC, page 394, column 1:
      [T]he wrought iron arms of a fly-wheel were jarred loose in the cast iron rim, and broke off quite short from the rapid and continued violent shocks caused by the cam striking the helve, although the iron was of the toughest description originally.
    • 1868, W[illiam] Saunders, “[Appendix to Report of the Commissioner of Agriculture and Arts. Appendix (G). Report of ‘the Fruit Growers Association of Ontario,’ with Local Reports Annexed.] Report on the Fruit Crop in the Vicinity of London during 1868, with Remarks on Their Insect Enemies and Diseases”, in Sessional Papers. Second Session of the First Parliament of the Province of Ontario., volume I, part II, Toronto, Ont.: Hunter, Rose & Co. printers, →OCLC, page 199:
      The most reliable process [for removing curculios] is that of jarring the trees and collecting the insects on a cotton sheet spread under the tree. […] [I]n this manner a dozen or more of trees can be jarred and the results carefully collected in about fifteen or twenty minutes.
  2. (transitive) To harm or injure by such action.
  3. (transitive, figuratively) To shock or surprise.
    I think the accident jarred him, as he hasn’t got back in a car since.
  5. (transitive, figuratively) To act in disagreement or opposition, to clash, to be at odds with; to interfere; to dispute, to quarrel.
  6. (ambitransitive) To (cause something to) give forth a rudely tremulous or quivering sound; to (cause something to) sound discordantly or harshly.
    The clashing notes jarred on my ears.
  7. (intransitive) To quiver or vibrate due to being shaken or struck.
  8. (intransitive, figuratively) Of the appearance, form, style, etc., of people and things: to look strangely different; to stand out awkwardly from its surroundings; to be incongruent.
Derived terms
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Translations
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Notes

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  1. ^ From the collection of the Cincinnati Art Museum in Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.

References

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  1. ^ “jarre, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 24 October 2018.
  2. ^ “jar, n.2”, in OED Online Paid subscription required⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1900.
  3. ^ “jar, v.2”, in OED Online Paid subscription required⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1976.
  4. ^ “jar, n.1”, in OED Online Paid subscription required⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1900.

Further reading

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Anagrams

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Blagar

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Noun

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jar

  1. water

References

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Czech

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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jar

  1. genitive plural of jaro

Mokilese

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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jar

  1. (intransitive) to come out

Derived terms

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References

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  • Harrison, Sheldon P.; Albert, Salich Y. (1977), Mokilese-English Dictionary‎[3], Honolulu: The University Press of Hawaii, →ISBN, page 68

North Frisian

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Pronoun

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jar

  1. them
  2. their

Norwegian Bokmål

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Noun

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jar m (definite singular jaren, indefinite plural jarer, definite plural jarene)

  1. form removed with the spelling reform of 2005; superseded by jare

Norwegian Nynorsk

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Noun

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jar m (definite singular jaren, indefinite plural jarar, definite plural jarane)

  1. alternative form of jare

Old Dutch

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Etymology

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    From Proto-West Germanic *jār.

    Noun

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    jār n

    1. year

    Inflection

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    Declension of jār (neuter a-stem noun)
    case singular plural
    nominative jār jār
    accusative jār jār
    genitive jāres jāro
    dative jāre jāron

    Descendants

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    • Middle Dutch: jâer
      • Dutch: jaar
        • Afrikaans: jaar
        • Berbice Creole Dutch: jari
        • Jersey Dutch: jâr
        • Negerhollands: jaer, jaar, yer
        • Sranan Tongo: yari
      • Limburgish: jaor
      • West Flemish: joar
      • Zealandic: jaer, jaor

    Further reading

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    • “jār”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

    Old Frisian

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    Noun

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    jār n

    1. alternative form of jēr (“year”)

    Inflection

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    Declension of jār (neuter a-stem)
    singular plural
    nominative jār jār
    accusative jār jār
    genitive jāres jāra
    dative jāre jārum, jārem

    Old High German

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    Etymology

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      From Proto-West Germanic *jār, from Proto-Germanic *jērą, from Proto-Indo-European *yeh₁-.

      Noun

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      jār n

      1. year

      Derived terms

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      Descendants

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      Old Saxon

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      Alternative forms

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      Etymology

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      From Proto-West Germanic *jār, from Proto-Germanic *jērą, from Proto-Indo-European *yeh₁-.

      Noun

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      jār n

      1. year

      Declension

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      jār (neuter a-stem)
      singular plural
      nominative jār jār
      accusative jār jār
      genitive jāres jārō
      dative jāre jārun
      instrumental — —

      Descendants

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      Polish

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      Polish Wikipedia has an article on:
      Wikipedia pl

      Pronunciation

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      Etymology 1

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      Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jarъ.

      Noun

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      jar m inan

      1. (archaic) spring (season)
      Declension
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      Declension of jar
      singular plural
      nominative jar jary
      genitive jaru jarów
      dative jarowi jarom
      accusative jar jary
      instrumental jarem jarami
      locative jarze jarach
      vocative jarze jary
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      adjectives

      Etymology 2

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      Borrowed from Ukrainian яр (jar), from a Turkic language.

      Noun

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      jar m inan

      1. canyon, ravine
      Declension
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      Declension of jar
      singular plural
      nominative jar jary
      genitive jaru jarów
      dative jarowi jarom
      accusative jar jary
      instrumental jarem jarami
      locative jarze jarach
      vocative jarze jary
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      adjective

      Further reading

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      • “jar”, in Wielki słownik języka polskiego‎[4] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
      • “jar”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN‎[5] (in Polish)

      Romanian

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      Etymology

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      Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic жаръ (žarŭ), from Proto-Slavic *žarъ.

      Noun

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      jar n (plural jaruri)

      1. embers (glowing coal or wood)
      2. intense heat, fire, glow
        Synonyms: arșiță, dogoare, căldură mare

      Declension

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      singular plural
      indefinite definite indefinite definite
      nominative-accusative jar jarul jaruri jarurile
      genitive-dative jar jarului jaruri jarurilor
      vocative jarule jarurilor

      Derived terms

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      See also

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      Semai

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      Etymology

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      From Proto-Mon-Khmer *ɟarʔ (“quick; to run”).

      Verb

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      jar[1]

      1. to run

      Derived terms

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      See also

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      • deeq (“to run away”)

      References

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      1. ^ Basrim bin Ngah Aching (2008), Kamus Engròq Semay – Engròq Malaysia, Kamus Bahasa Semai – Bahasa Malaysia [Semai—Malay Dictionary]‎[1], Bangi: Institut Alam dan Tamadun Melayu, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

      Serbo-Croatian

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      Etymology

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      Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jarъ (“spring”).

      Pronunciation

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      Noun

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      jȃr m inan (Cyrillic spelling ја̑р)

      1. (archaic, Croatia) spring
      2. swelter, intense heat (also figuratively)

      Quotations

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      Slovak

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      Slovak Wikipedia has an article on:
      Wikipedia sk

      Etymology

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      Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jarь. Cognate with Serbo-Croatian јар/jar, dialectal Bulgarian and Russian яра (jara). Non-Slavic cognates include Gothic 𐌾𐌴𐍂 (jēr, “year”).

      Pronunciation

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      Noun

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      jar f (genitive singular jari, nominative plural jari, genitive plural jarí, declension pattern of kosť)

      1. spring (season)
        Synonym: (literary) vesna

      Declension

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      Declension of jar
      (pattern kosť)
      singularplural
      nominativejarjari
      genitivejarijarí
      dativejarijariam
      accusativejarjari
      locativejarijariach
      instrumentaljaroujarami

      Derived terms

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      See also

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      Further reading

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      • “jar”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2026

      Somali

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      Etymology

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      From *qer-, an ablaut variant of *qor- (whence qor (“to hew”)). Cognate with Jiiddu jharaal.

      Verb

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      jar (causative jari, passive voice jaran, middle voice jaro)

      1. (transitive) cut

      Inflection

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      Conjugation of jar
      Infinitive jari
      present participle jarid
      simple independent
      present past future past
      singular
      1st jaraa jaray jari doonaa jaray
      2nd jartaa jartay jari doontaa jartay
      3rd jaraa jaray jari doonaa jar
      jartaa jartay jari doontaa jartay
      plural
      1st jarnaa jarnay jari doonnaa jarnay
      2nd jartaan jarteen jari doontaan jarte
      3rd jaraan jareen jari doonaan jare

      References

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      • “jar”, in Qaamuuska Af-Soomaaliga, 2012

      Sumerian

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      Romanization

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      jar

      1. romanization of 𒃻 (g̃ar)

      Tarifit

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      Etymology

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      Inherited from Proto-Berber. Cognate with Tashelhit gr.

      Pronunciation

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      Preposition

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      jar (Tifinagh spelling ⵊⴰⵔ)

      1. between, among
        A nẓar jar ubrid d yeɣzar? ― Shall we check between the road and the river?

      Usage notes

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      Nouns following this preposition are placed in the annexed state.

      References

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      Tz'utujil

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      Alternative forms

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      Article

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      jar

      1. the
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