cludo

Latin

Etymology

Back-formation from compounds like inclūdō, praeclūdō

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈkɫuː.doː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈkluː.do]

Verb

clūdō (present infinitive clūdere, perfect active clūsī, supine clūsum); third conjugation

1. alternative form of claudō

Conjugation

   Conjugation of clūdō (third conjugation)

indicative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	clūdō		clūdis		clūdit		clūdimus		clūditis		clūdunt
	imperfect	clūdēbam		clūdēbās		clūdēbat		clūdēbāmus		clūdēbātis		clūdēbant
	future	clūdam		clūdēs		clūdet		clūdēmus		clūdētis		clūdent
	perfect	clūsī		clūsistī		clūsit		clūsimus		clūsistis		clūsērunt, clūsēre
	pluperfect	clūseram		clūserās		clūserat		clūserāmus		clūserātis		clūserant
	future perfect	clūserō		clūseris		clūserit		clūserimus		clūseritis		clūserint
passive	present	clūdor		clūderis, clūdere		clūditur		clūdimur		clūdiminī		clūduntur
	imperfect	clūdēbar		clūdēbāris, clūdēbāre		clūdēbātur		clūdēbāmur		clūdēbāminī		clūdēbantur
	future	clūdar		clūdēris, clūdēre		clūdētur		clūdēmur		clūdēminī		clūdentur
	perfect	clūsus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	clūsus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	clūsus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	clūdam		clūdās		clūdat		clūdāmus		clūdātis		clūdant
	imperfect	clūderem		clūderēs		clūderet		clūderēmus		clūderētis		clūderent
	perfect	clūserim		clūserīs		clūserit		clūserīmus		clūserītis		clūserint
	pluperfect	clūsissem		clūsissēs		clūsisset		clūsissēmus		clūsissētis		clūsissent
passive	present	clūdar		clūdāris, clūdāre		clūdātur		clūdāmur		clūdāminī		clūdantur
	imperfect	clūderer		clūderēris, clūderēre		clūderētur		clūderēmur		clūderēminī		clūderentur
	perfect	clūsus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	clūsus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	—		clūde		—		—		clūdite		—
	future	—		clūditō		clūditō		—		clūditōte		clūduntō
passive	present	—		clūdere		—		—		clūdiminī		—
	future	—		clūditor		clūditor		—		—		clūduntor
non-finite forms		infinitive						participle
		active			passive			active			passive
present		clūdere			clūdī			clūdēns			—
future		clūsūrum esse			clūsum īrī			clūsūrus			clūdendus, clūdundus
perfect		clūsisse			clūsum esse			—			clūsus
future perfect		—			clūsum fore			—			—
perfect potential		clūsūrum fuisse			—			—			—
verbal nouns		gerund								supine
		genitive		dative		accusative		ablative		accusative		ablative
		clūdendī		clūdendō		clūdendum		clūdendō		clūsum		clūsū

References

• “cludo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “cludo”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “claudĕre”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 2: C Q K, page 750

Welsh

Etymology

From clud (“carrying, conveyance”) +‎ -o.

Pronunciation

• (North Wales) IPA^(key): /ˈklɨ̞dɔ/
• (South Wales) IPA^(key): /ˈkliːdɔ/, /ˈklɪdɔ/
• Rhymes: -ɨ̞dɔ

Verb

cludo (first-person singular present cludaf)

1. to carry, to convey

   Synonyms: cario, dwyn, cyrchu

   • 2025 August 29 (last accessed), “Y system cylchrediad gwaed mewn bodau dynol [The circulatory system in the human body]”, in BBC Bitesize‎^[1], archived from the original on 29 August 2025:

     Y gwaed yw’r cyfrwng cludiant – mae’n cludo sylweddau i holl gelloedd y corff, ac yn cael gwared ar wastraff.

     The blood is the medium of transport - it transports substances to all the cells of the body, and gets rid of waste.

Conjugation

Conjugation of cludo (literary)

	singular			plural			impersonal
	first	second	third	first	second	third
present indicative/future	cludaf	cludi	cluda	cludwn	cludwch	cludant	cludir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional	cludwn	cludit	cludai	cludem	cludech	cludent	cludid
preterite	cludais	cludaist	cludodd	cludasom	cludasoch	cludasant	cludwyd
pluperfect	cludaswn	cludasit	cludasai	cludasem	cludasech	cludasent	cludasid, cludesid
present subjunctive	cludwyf	cludych	cludo	cludom	cludoch	cludont	cluder
imperative	—	cluda	cluded	cludwn	cludwch	cludent	cluder
verbal noun	cludo
verbal adjectives	cludedig cludadwy

Conjugation of cludo (colloquial)

inflected colloquial forms	singular			plural
	first	second	third	first	second	third
future	cluda i, cludaf i	cludi di	cludith o/e/hi, cludiff e/hi	cludwn ni	cludwch chi	cludan nhw
conditional	cludwn i, cludswn i	cludet ti, cludset ti	cludai fo/fe/hi, cludsai fo/fe/hi	cluden ni, cludsen ni	cludech chi, cludsech chi	cluden nhw, cludsen nhw
preterite	cludais i, cludes i	cludaist ti, cludest ti	cludodd o/e/hi	cludon ni	cludoch chi	cludon nhw
imperative	—	cluda	—	—	cludwch	—

Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

Derived terms

• allgludo (“to export”)
• caethgludo (“to banish”)
• cludadwy (“portable”)
• cludfwyd (“takeaway”)
• cludiad (“carriage, carrying”)
• cludiant (“transport, conveyance”)
• cludwr (“carrier; porter”)
• cludydd (“carrier”)
• dargludo (“to conduct”)
• telegludo (“to teleport”)

Mutation

Mutated forms of cludo

radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
cludo	gludo	nghludo	chludo

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• D. G. Lewis, N. Lewis, editors (2005–present), “cludo”, in Gweiadur: the Welsh–English Dictionary, Gwerin
• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke, et al., editors (1950–present), “cludo”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies