close
Jump to content

art

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: Appendix:Variations of "art"
Languages (23)
Translingual • English
Albanian • Catalan • Cornish • Crimean Tatar • Danish • French • Icelandic • Irish • Latvian • Maltese • Middle English • Middle French • Norwegian Bokmål • Norwegian Nynorsk • Occitan • Old English • Old French • Old Irish • Old Norse • Swedish • Turkish
Page categories

Translingual

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Clipping of English artificial.

Symbol

[edit]

art

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-5 language code for artificial languages.
    • 2021 August 31, Spencer van der Meulen (jan Pensa), “Change Request 2021-043”, in SIL Global‎[3] (in English), archived from the original on 18 September 2024, page 3‎[4]:
      In written conversation about Toki Pona, the only frequently used abbreviation is TP. Identifier codes currently used in various websites and projects include tp (Lichess, Reta Vortaro, Pepper&Carrot), qtp (Amikumu), x-tp (Forvo), tok (Crowdin, OpenStreetMap), mis_tok (Glosbe), toki (Tatoeba), art-top (Wiktionary).

English

[edit]
BERJAYA
A painting showing many kinds of art, including literature, music, and painting itself.

Etymology 1

[edit]
Wikidata has a Lexeme related to:
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂er-
Proto-Indo-European *h₂értis
Proto-Italic *artis
Latin ars
Latin artemder.
Old French artbor.
Middle English art
English art

    From Middle English art, from Old French art, from Latin artem, accusative of ars (“art”). Partly displaced native Old English cræft, whence Modern English craft. See also archaic English list (“art, craft, cunning, skill”).

    Pronunciation

    [edit]
    Other accents and pronunciations

    Noun

    [edit]

    art (countable and uncountable, plural arts)

    1. (uncountable) The conscious production or arrangement of sounds, colours, forms, movements, or other elements in a manner that affects the senses and emotions, usually specifically the production of the beautiful in a graphic or plastic medium.
      There is a debate as to whether graffiti is art or vandalism.
      • 1992 May 3, “Comrade Bingo”, in Jeeves and Wooster, Series 3, Episode 6:
        B.W. Wooster: If you ask me, art is responsible for most of the trouble in the world.
        R. Jeeves: An interesting theory, sir. Would you care to expatiate upon it?
        B.W. Wooster: As a matter of fact, no, Jeeves. The thought just occurred to me, as thoughts do.
        R. Jeeves: Very good, sir.
      • 2005 July, Lynn Freed, Harper's:
        "I tell her what Donald Hall says: that the problem with workshops is that they trivialize art by minimizing the terror."
      • 2009, Alexander Brouwer, (Please provide the book title or journal name):
        Visual art is a subjective understanding or perception of the viewer as well as a deliberate/conscious arrangement or creation of elements like colours, forms, movements, sounds, objects or other elements that produce a graphic or plastic whole that expresses thoughts, ideas or visions of the artist.
    2. (uncountable) The creative and emotional expression of mental imagery, such as visual, auditory, social, etc.
    3. (countable) Skillful creative activity, usually with an aesthetic focus.
      She's mastered the art of programming.
    4. (uncountable) The study and the product of these processes.
      He's at university to study art.
    5. (uncountable) Aesthetic value.
      Her photographs are nice, but there's no art in them.
    6. (uncountable) Artwork.
      Sotheby's regularly auctions art for millions.
      art collection
    7. (countable) A field or category of art, such as painting, sculpture, music, ballet, or literature.
      I'm a great supporter of the arts.
    8. (countable) (often in dichotomy with science) A subject understood best through intuition rather than methodology.
      • 2013 August 3, “Boundary problems”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8847:
        Economics is a messy discipline: too fluid to be a science, too rigorous to be an art. Perhaps it is fitting that economists’ most-used metric, gross domestic product (GDP), is a tangle too. GDP measures the total value of output in an economic territory. Its apparent simplicity explains why it is scrutinised down to tenths of a percentage point every month.
    10. (countable) Skill that is attained by study, practice, or observation.
      • 1796, Matthew Lewis, The Monk, Folio Society, published 1985, page 217:
        A physician was immediately sent for; but on the first moment of beholding the corpse, he declared that Elvira's recovery was beyond the power of art.
      • 1855, Harriet Martineau's translation, The Positive Philosophy of Auguste Comte Vol. 1, Introduction, Ch. 2, page 21, from Auguste Comte, Cours de philosophie positive (1830–1842)
        The relation of science to art may be summed up in a brief expression: From Science comes Prevision: from Prevision comes Action.
      • 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter IV, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC, page 58:
        The Celebrity, by arts unknown, induced Mrs. Judge Short and two other ladies to call at Mohair on a certain afternoon when Mr. Cooke was trying a trotter on the track. The three returned wondering and charmed with Mrs. Cooke; they were sure she had had no hand in the furnishing of that atrocious house.
      • 1983 December 3, “Personal advertisement”, in Gay Community News, volume 11, number 20, page 21:
        Let's make sandwiches out of colored paper and teach people how to listen. Listening is a social art and we had best hang on to it. A tape recording stuck in your ear won't do.
    11. (uncountable, dated) Contrivance, scheming, manipulation.
    Synonyms
    [edit]
    Antonyms
    [edit]
    Hyponyms
    [edit]
    Derived terms
    [edit]
    Descendants
    [edit]
    • Jamaican Creole: aat
    • Tok Pisin: at
    • → Japanese: アート (āto)
    • → Korean: 아트 (ateu)
    Translations
    [edit]
    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
    Translations to be checked

    Further reading

    [edit]

    Etymology 2

    [edit]

      From Middle English art, from Old English eart, second-person singular present indicative of wesan. Further etymology uncertain, see are. Cognate with Faroese ert and Icelandic ert.

      Pronunciation

      [edit]

      (stressed)

      (unstressed)

      Verb

      [edit]

      art

      1. (archaic) second-person singular simple present indicative of be: [you] are
        How great thou art! ― How great you are!

      See also

      [edit]

      References

      [edit]

      Anagrams

      [edit]

      Albanian

      [edit]

      Etymology

      [edit]

      Learned borrowing from Latin ars, artem.

      Noun

      [edit]

      art m (definite arti)

      1. art

      Declension

      [edit]
      Declension of art
      singular plural
      indefinite definite indefinite definite
      nominative art arti arte artet
      accusative artin
      dative arti artit arteve arteve
      ablative artesh

      Synonyms

      [edit]

      Further reading

      [edit]
      • FGJSSH: Fjalor i gjuhës së sotme shqipe [Dictionary of the modern Albanian language]‎[5], 1980
      • Newmark, Leonard (1999), “art”, in Oxford Albanian-English Dictionary‎[6], Oxford: Oxford University Press
      • “art”, in FGJSH: Fjalor i gjuhës shqipe [Dictionary of the Albanian language] (in Albanian), 2006

      Catalan

      [edit]
      Catalan Wikipedia has an article on:
      Wikipedia ca

      Etymology

      [edit]

      From Latin artem.

      Pronunciation

      [edit]

      Noun

      [edit]

      art m or f (plural arts)

      1. art (something pleasing to the mind)

      Usage notes

      [edit]
      • Generally masculine in the singular, feminine in the plural.

      Derived terms

      [edit]
      [edit]

      Noun

      [edit]

      art m (plural arts)

      1. fishing net

      Derived terms

      [edit]
      [edit]

      Further reading

      [edit]

      Cornish

      [edit]

      Etymology

      [edit]

      Borrowed from English art.

      Pronunciation

      [edit]

      Noun

      [edit]

      art m (plural artys)

      1. art

      Derived terms

      [edit]

      References

      [edit]
      • “art” in Cornish Dictionary / Gerlyver Kernewek, Akademi Kernewek.

      Crimean Tatar

      [edit]

      Noun

      [edit]

      art

      1. back
        Synonyms: arqa, sırt

      Danish

      [edit]

      Etymology

      [edit]

      From Middle Low German art, from Old Saxon *ard, from Proto-Germanic *ardiz, cognate with German Art.

      Pronunciation

      [edit]

      Noun

      [edit]

      art c (singular definite arten, plural indefinite arter)

      1. kind
      2. nature
      3. species

      Inflection

      [edit]
      Declension of art
      common
      gender       		singular plural
      indefinite definite indefinite definite
      nominative art arten arter arterne
      genitive arts artens arters arternes

      Descendants

      [edit]
      • → Faroese: art
      • → Icelandic: art

      French

      [edit]

      Etymology

      [edit]

      From Latin artem, accusative singular of ars.

      Pronunciation

      [edit]

      Noun

      [edit]

      art m (plural arts)

      1. art

      Derived terms

      [edit]
      [edit]

      Descendants

      [edit]
      • ⇒ Haitian Creole: la
      • ⇒ Mauritian Creole: lar

      Further reading

      [edit]

      Anagrams

      [edit]

      Icelandic

      [edit]

      Etymology

      [edit]

      First attested in the 1600s. Borrowed from Danish or Middle High German art, both from Middle Low German ārt, from Old Saxon *ard, from Proto-Germanic *ardiz (“nature, quality, characteristic”). The sense "art" is a borrowing from French art, which is a distant cognate.

      Compare Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk, and Swedish art. Doublet of arður.

      Pronunciation

      [edit]

      Noun

      [edit]

      art f (genitive singular artar, nominative plural artir)

      1. (dated) nature, character, disposition [First attested in the 1500s]
        Synonym: náttúrufar (n)
        það var svo góð art í honum að hann talaði aldrei nema vel um fólk á bak
        He had such a good nature that he never spoke unkindly about people behind their backs.
      2. wellbeing, growth
        Synonym: þrif (n) [First attested in the 1500s]
        það er engin art í grasinu
        the grass is not thriving.
      3. (obsolete) type [First attested in the 1500s]
      4. (obsolete) art

      Declension

      [edit]
      Declension of art (feminine)
      singular plural
      indefinite definite indefinite definite
      nominative art artin artir artirnar
      accusative art artina artir artirnar
      dative art artinni örtum örtunum
      genitive artar artarinnar arta artanna

      References

      [edit]
      • Ásgeir Blöndal Magnússon (1989), “art”, in Íslensk orðsifjabók, Reykjavík: Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies, →ISBN (Available at Málið.is under the “Eldri orðabækur” tab.)
      • Kristín Bjarnadóttir, editor (2002–2026), “art”, in Beygingarlýsing íslensks nútímamáls [The Database of Modern Icelandic Inflection] (in Icelandic), Reykjavík: The Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies
      • Mörður Árnason (2019), Íslensk orðabók, 5th edition, Reykjavík: Forlagið
      • “art” in the Dictionary of Modern Icelandic (in Icelandic) and ISLEX (in the Nordic languages)

      Irish

      [edit]

      Etymology

      [edit]

      From Old Irish art, explained in glossaries as “stone”.

      Noun

      [edit]

      art m (genitive singular airt, nominative plural airt)

      1. stone

      Declension

      [edit]
      Declension of art (first declension)
      bare forms
      singular plural
      nominative art airt
      vocative a airt a arta
      genitive airt art
      dative art airt
      forms with the definite article
      singular plural
      nominative an t-art na hairt
      genitive an airt na n-art
      dative leis an art
      don art       		leis na hairt

      Derived terms

      [edit]

      Mutation

      [edit]
      Mutated forms of art
      radical eclipsis with h-prothesis with t-prothesis
      art n-art hart not applicable

      Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
      All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

      Further reading

      [edit]

      Latvian

      [edit]
      BERJAYA
      Art
      BERJAYA
      Art ar traktoru

      Etymology

      [edit]

      From Proto-Balto-Slavic *árˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂erh₃- (“to plow”), from *h₁er- (“sparse; to crumble, to fall to pieces”), whence also the verb irt; see there for more.

      Cognates include Lithuanian árti, Old Prussian artoys (“plowman”) (compare Lithuanian artójas), Old Church Slavonic орати (orati), Russian dialectal or dated ора́ть (orátʹ), Belarusian ара́ць (arácʹ), Ukrainian ора́ти (oráty), Bulgarian ора́ (orá), Czech orati, Polish orać, Gothic 𐌰𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽 (arjan), Old Norse erja, Hittite [Term?] (/⁠ẖarra-⁠/, “to crush; (passive form) to disappear”), [Term?] (/⁠ẖarš-⁠/, “to tear open; to plow”), Ancient Greek ἀρόω (aróō), Latin arō.[1]

      Pronunciation

      [edit]

      Verb

      [edit]

      ar̂t (transitive, 1st conjugation, present aru, ar, ar, past aru)

      1. to plow (to prepare (land) for sowing by using a plow)
        art zemi ― to plow the land, earth
        art tīrumu, lauku ― to plow a field
        art dārzu ― to plow a garden
        art kūdraino augsni ― to plow the peaty soil
        art ar traktoru ― to plow with a tractor
        papuvi ara divi traktori ― two tractors plowed the fallow (land)
        iziet art agri no rīta ― to go plowing early in the morning
        rudenī, rugāju arot, sekoju Jurim pa vagu un sarunājos ― in autumn, while (he was) plowing the stubble field, I followed Juris along the furrows and talked

      Conjugation

      [edit]
      Conjugation of art (1st)
      indicative (īstenības izteiksme) imperative
      (pavēles izteiksme)
      present
      (tagadne)       		past
      (pagātne)       		future
      (nākotne)
      1st person sg es aru aru aršu —
      2nd person sg tu ar ari arsi ar
      3rd person sg viņš, viņa ar ara ars lai ar
      1st person pl mēs aram arām arsim arsim
      2nd person pl jūs arat arāt arsiet,
      arsit       		ariet
      3rd person pl viņi, viņas ar ara ars lai ar
      renarrative (atstāstījuma izteiksme) participles (divdabji)
      present arot present active 1 (adj.) arošs
      past esot aris present active 2 (adv.) ardams
      future aršot present active 3 (adv.) arot
      imperative lai arot present active 4 (obj.) aram
      conditional (vēlējuma izteiksme) past active aris
      present artu present passive arams
      past būtu aris past passive arts
      debitive (vajadzības izteiksme) nominal forms
      indicative (būt) jāar infinitive (nenoteiksme) art
      conjunctive 1 esot jāar negative infinitive neart
      conjunctive 2 jāarot verbal noun aršana

      Derived terms

      [edit]
      [edit]

      References

      [edit]
      1. ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992), “art”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca [Latvian Etymological Dictionary]‎[1] (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN.

      Maltese

      [edit]

      Alternative forms

      [edit]

      Etymology

      [edit]
      Etymology tree
      Proto-Semitic *ʔarṣ́-
      Arabic أَرْض (ʔarḍ)
      Maltese art

        Inherited from Arabic أَرْض (ʔarḍ).

        Pronunciation

        [edit]

        Noun

        [edit]

        art f (plural artijiet or (obsolete) iradi)

        1. earth (our planet)
          Synonym: dinja
        2. land, ground, soil
          • 1949, Anton Buttigieg, “Il-Ġebla tal-Ġeneral”, in Fanali bil-Lejl:
            u lili firdu minn mal-art għal dejjem,
            u jien sfajt blata u gżira l-aktar ċkejkna,
            bi ftit faqqiegħ u ftit gremxul sewdieni
            ngħix ħajja waħdi.
            (please add an English translation of this quotation)
        3. homeland
          art twelidi ― my homeland
          bla art ― without a homeland

        Inflection

        [edit]
        Inflection of art
        singular plural
        m f
        singular 1st person arti artna
        2nd person artek artkom
        3rd person artu artha arthom
        plural 1st person artijieti artijietna
        2nd person artijietek artijietkom
        3rd person artijietu artijietha artijiethom

        Derived terms

        [edit]

        Middle English

        [edit]

        Etymology 1

        [edit]

        From Old English eart, second person singular of wesan (“to be”), from Proto-Germanic *art, second person singular of *iraną.

        Alternative forms

        [edit]

        Pronunciation

        [edit]

        Verb

        [edit]

        art

        2. second-person singular present indicative of been
        Usage notes
        [edit]

        This form is more common than bist for the second-person singular.

        Descendants
        [edit]

        Etymology 2

        [edit]

          Borrowed from Old French art, from Latin artem, accusative form of ars, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂r̥tís.

          Alternative forms

          [edit]

          Pronunciation

          [edit]
          • IPA(key): /art/, (Northern) /aːrt/

          Noun

          [edit]

          art (plural artes or ars)

          1. Knowledge about a field or subject (either academic or trade):
            1. A member of the seven medieval liberal arts (the trivium and quadrivium).
            2. The seven medieval liberal arts collectively.
          2. Competence or skill in a particular task.
          3. General knowledge, skill, or competence.
          4. Deception; misleading behaviour or an instance of it.
          5. A code of conduct; a set of behavioural guidelines.
          6. (rare) Human behaviour (as opposed to natural occurrences).
          Descendants
          [edit]
          References
          [edit]

          Etymology 3

          [edit]

            Probably borrowed from Middle Irish aird (“compass point”), from Old Irish aird;[1] perhaps influenced semantically by erd (“district”), though the sense-development is paralleled by modern English quarter (“locality, neighbourhood”).

            Pronunciation

            [edit]

            Noun

            [edit]

            art

            1. (Northern) district, locality[2]
            2. (Early Scots) compass point[3]
            Descendants
            [edit]

            References

            [edit]
            1. ^ Onions, C[harles] T., Friedrichsen, G. W. S., and Burchfield, R[obert] W., editors (1966), “airt”, in The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology‎[2], Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 21, column 2; reprinted 1994.
            2. ^ “art, n.(2).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
            3. ^ “art, airt, n.1”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC, reproduced from William A[lexander] Craigie, A[dam] J[ack] Aitken [et al.], editors, A Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue: […], Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, 1931–2002, →OCLC.

            Middle French

            [edit]

            Etymology

            [edit]

            Inherited from Old French art.

            Noun

            [edit]

            art m (plural ars)

            1. art
              • 15th century, Rustichello da Pisa (original author), Mazarine Master (scribe), The Travels of Marco Polo, page 15, lines 7–8:
                Il y a de toutes choses habondance, et ils vivent de marchandise et d'art.
                There is an abundance of everything and they make a living from merchandise and from art

            Descendants

            [edit]
            • French: art
              • ⇒ Haitian Creole: la
              • ⇒ Mauritian Creole: lar

            Norwegian Bokmål

            [edit]
            Norwegian Bokmål Wikipedia has an article on:
            Wikipedia nb

            Etymology

            [edit]

            Borrowed from German Art.

            Noun

            [edit]

            art f or m (definite singular arta or arten, indefinite plural arter, definite plural artene)

            1. character, nature, kind
            2. (biology) a species

            Derived terms

            [edit]

            References

            [edit]

            Anagrams

            [edit]

            Norwegian Nynorsk

            [edit]
            Norwegian Nynorsk Wikipedia has an article on:
            Wikipedia nn

            Etymology

            [edit]

            Borrowed from German Art.

            Noun

            [edit]

            art m or f (definite singular arten or arta, indefinite plural artar or arter, definite plural artane or artene)

            1. (biology) a species
            2. character, nature, kind

            Derived terms

            [edit]
            [edit]

            References

            [edit]

            Anagrams

            [edit]

            Occitan

            [edit]

            Etymology

            [edit]

            From Latin ars.

            Pronunciation

            [edit]

            Noun

            [edit]

            art m (plural arts)

            1. art
            [edit]

            Old English

            [edit]

            Verb

            [edit]

            art

            1. alternative form of eart

            Old French

            [edit]

            Etymology

            [edit]

              From Latin artem, accusative of ars.

              Noun

              [edit]

              art oblique singular, m or f (oblique plural arz or artz, nominative singular arz or artz, nominative plural art)

              1. art (skill; practice; method)
                • (Can we date this quote?) Walter of Bibbesworth: Le Tretiz, ed. W. Rothwell, ANTS Plain Texts Series 6, 1990. Date of cited text: circa 1250
                  ore serroit a saver de l’art a bresser & brasyr
                  Now would be the time to know the art of brewing

              Descendants

              [edit]

              References

              [edit]

              Old Irish

              [edit]

              Etymology

              [edit]

                From Proto-Celtic *artos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ŕ̥tḱos. Compare Cornish arth, Welsh arth.

                Pronunciation

                [edit]

                Noun

                [edit]

                art m

                1. bear

                Inflection

                [edit]
                Masculine o-stem
                singular dual plural
                nominative art artL airtL
                vocative airt artL artuH
                accusative artN artL artuH
                genitive airtL art artN
                dative artL artaib artaib
                Initial mutations of a following adjective:
                • H = triggers aspiration
                • L = triggers lenition
                • N = triggers nasalization

                Mutation

                [edit]
                Mutation of art
                radical lenition nasalization
                art
                (pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments)                		 art n-art

                Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
                All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

                Old Norse

                [edit]

                Alternative forms

                [edit]

                Adjective

                [edit]

                art

                1. strong neuter nominative/accusative singular of argr

                Swedish

                [edit]

                Etymology

                [edit]

                From Old Swedish art, from Middle Low German art, from Old Saxon *ard, from Proto-Germanic *ardiz (“character, nature, inborn quality”).

                Pronunciation

                [edit]

                Noun

                [edit]

                art c

                1. species

                Declension

                [edit]
                Declension of art
                nominative genitive
                singular indefinite art arts
                definite arten artens
                plural indefinite arter arters
                definite arterna arternas

                References

                [edit]

                Anagrams

                [edit]

                Turkish

                [edit]

                Etymology

                [edit]

                From Ottoman Turkish آرت (art), آرد (ard) from Proto-Turkic *hārt (“back”). Cognate with Turkish arka.

                Pronunciation

                [edit]

                Adjective

                [edit]

                art

                1. hind, rear
                  art tekerler ― rear wheels

                Synonyms

                [edit]

                Noun

                [edit]

                art (definite accusative ardı, plural artlar)

                1. back
                  Ardına bakmadan kaçtı.
                  He ran away without looking "at his back".
                2. the other side

                Declension

                [edit]
                Declension of art
                singular plural
                nominative art artlar
                definite accusative ardı artları
                dative arda artlara
                locative artta artlarda
                ablative arttan artlardan
                genitive ardın artların

                Synonyms

                [edit]

                Derived terms

                [edit]
                Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=art&oldid=91150564"